Sastra dan Sastrawan Jawa Timur di Era Pandemi: Tinjauan Respons Pembaca

This study aims to explore East Javanese literature and writers during the pandemic through the perspective of reader response. This study uses an interpretive qualitative approach. The informants in this study were professional literary readers and ordinary literary readers. as many as 84 respondents have responded to the Indonesian Literature Reader form in East Java from various categories with a distribution of 66.3 percent of undergraduate students; 18.8 percent of Lecturers; 8.4 percent of Teachers; 4.2 percent of General; Researchers and Doctoral students got the same result, namely 1.1 percent. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of interviews and questionnaires. The results of the study show the following. First, it represents the psychology of the author.” 58.9 percent of respondents answered that the literary work represented the psychology of the author, 28.4 percent did not know and 12.6 percent did not. Second, the literary work represents the author's psychology, as many as 58.9 percent answered yes. While at least answering the literary work does not represent the psychology of the author, which is 12.6 percent. Third, the psychology understood by the reader, namely Personality Psychology (existential, behavioral, psychoanalytic, humanistic) with 28.4 percent answered yes, while at least 1.1 percent answered Masculinity Psychology and Mass Psychology. Indonesian writers in East Java tend to bring up Javanese human psychology in their literary works?” Of these questions, 52.6 percent of respondents answered that Indonesian writers in East Java tended to bring up Javanese human psychology in their literary works, as many as 42.1 percent answered maybe and 5.3 percent answered that Indonesian writers in East Java tended not to bring up Javanese human psychology in their literature. his literary works.

Analysis of Collective Behavior and the Psychology of the Masses. Case: October–2019, Ecuador

In this research, an analysis was performed of collective behavior and its relationship with the psychology of the masses. The objective was to explain the collective behavior of the masses following the events of October 2, 2019 in Ecuador. A quantitative approach was used. Data were collected through observation and using a registration form for the follow-up of written media. The results of the investigation identified causes of the collective protests to decree 883 pronounced by the Ecuadorian government, whose effect was a series of collective behaviors, according to the psychology of the masses; these were: imitation, acting as followers, looking for affection or acceptance, frustration, repressed and controlled emotions, emotional contagion, feeling protected, defending their rights and being heard. In addition, the indigenous behavior identified included leadership, perseverance, solidarity, union, the formation of a new generation of leaders, the use of digital media, and the Andean worldview on the participation of the family clan and death. Keywords: collective behavior, mass psychology, individual behavior. Resumen La presente investigación realiza un análisis del comportamiento colectivo y la relación con la psicología de las masas El objetivo de la investigación es explicar el comportamiento colectivo de las masas que conllevaron a los sucesos del 2 de octubre de 2019 en Ecuador. El desarrollo de la investigación se sustenta en el enfoque cuantitativo, en el nivel explicativo, en los tipos observacional, documental, retrospectivo y transversal. El método fue inductivo, al observar a los sujetos el de la investigación y los hechos sucedidos para ser analizados, la técnica fue la observación a través de una ficha de registro para seguimiento de los medios de comunicación escritos. Los resultados de la investigación identifican la causa de las protestas colectivas al decreto 883 pronunciado por el gobierno ecuatoriano, cuyo efecto fue una serie de comportamientos colectivos, que según la psicología de las masas buscan: la imitación, son seguidores, buscan afecto, aceptación, existe frustración, emociones reprimidas y controladas, contagio emocional, sentirse protegidos, defender sus derechos y ser escuchados. Se identificó: el comportamiento indígena su liderazgo, la constancia, la solidaridad, la unión y la formación de la nueva generación de líderes, el uso de los medios de comunicación digital y la cosmovisión andina sobre la participación del clan familiar y la muerte. Palabras clave: comportamiento colectivo, psicología de las masas, comportamiento individual.

O Discurso de Ódio e o Fascismo na Sociedade Brasileira: uma Análise a Partir do Pensamento de Wilhelm Reich

Resumo A Psicologia de Massas e do Fascismo (1932) é uma obra que tem como discussão elementar em saber o que impede a correspondência saudável entre a situação econômica e a estrutura psíquica dessas massas populares. Qual a essência da estrutura psicológica das massas e a sua relação com a base econômica da qual se origina? O autor partindo dessa premissão busca refletir sobre questões ligadas aos aspectos morais, políticos, sociológicos e psicológicos para esclarecer a adesão e o comportamento das massas diante do movimento fascista, a partir de seus conhecimentos clínicos sobre a estrutura do caráter humano no cenário político e social. A intenção é demonstrar nas linhas que se seguem, como os elementos economicos não tem influência sobre as massas, em sentido contrário ao pensamento marxista, cuja idéia central era que a fome e a miséria (teoria economica do socialismo) levaria as massas proletárias ao processo revolucionário de ruptura com o capitalismo. No pensamento Reichiano, em contraponto as idéias de Marx, o autor busca demonstrar que o movimento facista e o nacional socialismo alemão, em especial, seria a expressão da estrutura de caráter irracional do homem médio, cujos impulsos sexuais foram reprimidos tendo analisado o papel da família e da igreja como misticismo organizado no campo da sociedade. Reich entende que a existência humana seria determinada não apenas pelos processos econômicos, mas também pelos processos institivos dos seres humanos determinados no ambito da família autoritária, cuja figura do pai, representa a ideia de autoridade, e por outro lado, a ideia de nação e pátria mãe, está configurada na figura da mãe paterna, protetora dos filhos. Desse modo, na psicologia política de Reich, o que se estuda é o fator subjetivo da história, a estrutura do caráter do homem numa determinada época e a estrutura ideológica da sociedade que ela forma. Será analisado essas premissas são aplicadas na sociedade brasileira, buscando compreender o fascismo e o discurso de ódio. Palavras-chave: Discurso de Ódio. Psicologia de Massas. Sociedade Brasileira. Abstract The Psychology of the Masses and Fascism (1932) is a work that has the elementary discussion of knowing what prevents the healthy correspondence between the economic situation and the psychic structure of these popular masses. What is the essence of the psychological structure of the masses and its relation to the economic base from which it originates? Based on this premise, the author seeks to reflect on issues related to moral, political, sociological and psychological aspects to clarify the adhesion and behavior of the masses towards the fascist movement, based on their clinical knowledge about the structure of human character in the political and social scenario. . The intention is to demonstrate in the following lines, how the economic elements have no influence on the masses, in a sense contrary to Marxist thought, whose central idea was that hunger and misery (economic theory of socialism) would lead the proletarian masses to the process revolutionary break with capitalism. In Reichian thought, in contrast to Marx's ideas, the author seeks to demonstrate that the facist movement and the German national socialism, in particular, would be the expression of the irrational character structure of the average man, whose sexual impulses were repressed having analyzed the role of family and church as organized mysticism in the field of society. Reich understands that human existence would be determined not only by economic processes, but also by the institutional processes of human beings determined in the context of the authoritarian family, whose father figure represents the idea of authority, and on the other hand, the idea of nation and mother country, is configured in the figure of the paternal mother, protector of the children. Thus, in Reich's political psychology, what is studied is the subjective factor of history, the structure of man's character at a given time and the ideological structure of the society it forms. These premises will be analyzed and applied in Brazilian society, seeking to understand fascism and hate speech. Keywords: Hate Speech. Mass Psychology. Brazilian Society.

Biopolitics as the “Fifth Character” in the Process of Humankind Editing

At the end of the XIX — the beginning of the XX century under the influence of the ideas of K. Schmitt, G. Le Bon, G. Tarde, S. Freud, R. Kjellen and F. Galton intellectual discourses of political theology, mass psychology, geopolitics, and eugenics are gaining popularity. Each of these trends has a tremendous impact on the political and social life of the 1st half of the XX century. Political theology edits the beliefs and ideals of the age, mass psychology edits social relations, geopolitics edits the boundaries and physical space of the population, and eugenics claims to transform the very nature of man. If, in accordance with the canon of dramatic art, there are four main characters of the events of the era, then political theology should be assigned the status of a Hero, mass psychology — a Heroine, geopolitics and eugenics — Confidante and Villain (in the mask of the Savior). The key to clarifying historical conflicts is the Fifth character — biopolitics, the initiator, inspirer and hidden censor of these theoretical discourses, which have become the drivers of humankind editing practices. At the turn of the XX–XXI centuries, under the influence of biopolitics, political theology is transformed into biotheology, mass psychology — into biolaw, geopolitics — into biocapitalism, eugenics — into biotechnology. Together, these factors, expressing the biotheological hopes of the biopower, drive humankind towards the utopia of an eternal world based on eternal values in a state of eternal walfare for an ever-living person.

PERAN PSIKOLOGI MASSA BAGI PEMBIMBING IBADAH HAJI

The role of psychology of mass communication is very important in developing the competence of Hajj supervisors and improving professionalism as a Hajj guide. In this scientific article the writer formulates a problem, how the Hajj supervisor can increase his competence in carrying out guidance activities. The purpose of this paper is to describe the role of mass psychology in increasing the professionalism of the Hajj pilgrimage guides which have an impact on the success of the implementation of the Hajj. Furthermore, the results of the analysis of the role of mass communication psychology also describe the importance of understanding the mass psychology of the pilgrims in the effectiveness of communication between the congregation and their supervisors so that the objectives of the communication can be achieved properly.

Political Psychology of Fascism: Attempt of Critical Analysis of the Wilhelm Reich’s Concept

In the context of the global aggravation of the information struggle, the escalation of tension caused by the difference in worldview and ideological attitudes of the leading geopolitical players of the current world order, the current trend towards rewriting the history of the Second World War and re-evaluating the role of separate political regimes and ideologies cause concern. In the year of the 75th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War particularly relevant becomes the identification of the ideological origins of modern concepts of political understanding, historical interpretation and memory policy of several countries of the Collective West related to attempts to revise the results of the war and the decisions of the Nuremberg Tribunal, equalize responsibility for its beginning between the aggressors and the victims of aggression. The author shows that one of the underlying reasons for such attempts, in addition to the current foreign policy dictated by expediency purposes of application reputational damage to the Russian Federation as a successor state of the USSR, is in the US tradition of broad psychological interpretation of the phenomenon of fascism rooted in the famous work of German-American psychologist Wilhelm Reich’s “Mass Psychology and Fascism” which, after publication in 1933 became the starting point for the study of totalitarianism of the twentieth century from the psychological positions in the Western, first of all, Anglo-Saxon literature.

Introduction: Political Psychology in an ‘Anti’-politics Era

Political psychology constitutes a problem-oriented and interdisciplinary field (Staerkle, 2015). In fact, being born in the decades between the First and Second World Wars, it is intrinsically characterized by the concern to study and cope with social and political crises and their implications (Nesbitt-Larking & Kinnvall, 2012). Its theoretical tools and concepts were developed in order to cast light on phenomena such as mass psychology and collective action, racism, the rise of fascism and authoritarianism. The role of psychology in the study of these phenomena was, as Moscovici (1988) argued, not only necessary but also functional.