The moderating effect of sociodemographic factors on the predictive power of self-rated health for mortality in Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
James Falconer ◽  
Amélie Quesnel-Vallée
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Effect Of Age

Self-rated health is a reliable predictor for mortality, but its predictive power varies depending on social characteristics. This study tests the moderating effect of age, sex, education, and income on the power of self-rated health to predict mortality in Canada using data from the National Population Health Survey. Predictive power trajectories are modelled using time-series generalized estimating equation logistic regression. Findings show that self-rated health is a predictor for mortality up to 14 years prior to death in Canada, and is weakly moderated by income and education, and age/sex interactions. Self-rated health remains reliable across population sub-groups in Canada.La santé auto-évaluée est un prédicteur fiable de la mortalité, mais son pouvoir prédictif varie en fonction des caractéristiques sociales. Cette étude examine l'effet modérateur de l'âge, du sexe, de l'éducation, et du revenu sur le pouvoir de la santé auto-évaluée pour prédire la mortalité au Canada utilisant des données de l'Enquête nationale sur la santé de la population. Les trajectoires de puissance prédictive sont modélisées avec une régression logistique de l'équation d'estimation généralisée. Les résultats montrent que la santé auto-évaluée est un prédicteur de la mortalité jusqu'à 14 ans avant le décès au Canada, et est faiblement modérée par le revenu, l'éducation, et les interactions entre l'âge et le sexe. La santé auto-évaluée demeure valide parmi les sous-groupes de la population du Canada.

scholarly journals Emergency department increased use of observation care for elderly medicare patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gelareh Z. Gabayan ◽  
Li-Jung Liang ◽  
Brian Doyle ◽  
David Yu-Chuang Huang ◽  
Catherine A. Sarkisian
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Inpatient Service ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Medicare Patients ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Over the past decade, a growing number of older Medicare beneficiaries visit the emergency department (ED) and have been placed in observation care. We investigated and compared the prevalence and factors associated with patients age ≥ 65 years with Medicare insurance who are placed in the hospital, observation care, or discharged following an ED visit.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from a nationally representative 5% sample of Medicare patients age ≥ 65 years during the year 2013. We performed multiple generalized estimating equation (GEE) logistic regression analyses to assess the relationship between placement in a hospital vs. discharge, observation care vs. discharge, and observation care vs. admission.Results: Of 537,455 Medicare beneficiaries age ≥ 65 years who visited an ED in 2013, 48.0% (N = 258,083) were discharged, 10.5% (N = 56,184) placed in observation care, and 41.5% (N = 223,188) were admitted to the inpatient service following the ED visit. The top 2 diagnoses associated with placement in the hospital vs. discharge were ischemic heart disease and renal disease. Patients with symptomatic diagnoses such as chest pain and dizziness were more likely to be placed in observation care following an ED visit as compared to admission to the hospital.Conclusions: Compared to prior studies, we found a greater number of older Medicare ED patients placed in observation care and a lower number admitted to the hospital. Most common diagnoses of placement in observation care were symptom-based as compared to being admitted to the hospital which were disease-based.

Chinese public sector employees’ age, emotional dissonance, work meaningfulness, and perceived stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningning Ding ◽  
Bing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Emotional Dissonance ◽  
Work Meaningfulness ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Appropriate Practices ◽  
Effect Of Age

Researchers have focused on how to improve the high-stress environment for those working in China’s public sector, but neglected to consider the moderating effect of age of employees. Using data from 410 public sector employees in Shandong Province, China, we investigated the effects of emotional dissonance and work meaningfulness on employees’ perceived level of stress, and the moderating effect of age on those effects. Results indicated that work meaningfulness reduced participants’ perceived stress levels, and that emotional dissonance increased perceived stress, which is consistent with previous research findings. Further, age played a moderating role by weakening the effect of work meaningfulness, but the moderating effect of age on emotional dissonance was nonsignificant. Managers of public sectors should be aware of the differences between older and younger employees and adopt appropriate practices to help employees deal with their work stress.

scholarly journals Self-rated health and interviewer-rated health: differentials in predictive power for mortality among subgroups of Chinese elders

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Zhu ◽  
Qiushi Feng ◽  
Danan Gu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Healthy Longevity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Valid Predictor ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Chinese Elders

Interviewer-rated health (IRH) and self-rated health (SRH) have strong and independent predictive power for mortality, but their relative predictive power has not been examined among subpopulations. Because individuals from different subpopulations have distinct views, understandings, and judgments about health that influence their criteria and referents for SRH, we examine whether IRH is a valid predictor of mortality within subpopulations, which may provide added value for understanding its association with mortality. Using data from the 2005 and 2008 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, this study modeled associations of SRH and IRH with mortality in various subgroups among 12,583 older adults in China. We found that IRH is a robust predictor of mortality, independent of SRH, across major demographic and socioeconomic subpopulations after adjusting for a wide range of covariates. The predictive power of IRH for mortality was generally more robust than that of SRH in most subpopulations. Our findings suggest that IRH could be a good complement to SRH among subgroups of the Chinese older population.

scholarly journals Screening at stationary versus mobile units in BreastScreen Norway

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Åsne Holen ◽  
Sofie Sebuødegård ◽  
Gunvor G Waade ◽  
Hildegunn Aase ◽  
Nina-Merete Hopland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Mammographic Screening ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Mobile Unit ◽  
Interval Breast Cancer ◽  
Screening Unit ◽  
Generalized Estimating

Objective To compare breast characteristics, compression parameters, and early performance measures (rates of recall, screen-detected and interval breast cancer, and histopathologic tumour characteristics) for mammographic screening at a stationary versus mobile screening unit. Methods Results from 92,408 mammographic screening examinations performed as part of BreastScreen Norway during 2008–2017 at either a stationary ( n = 52,620) or mobile ( n = 39,788) unit in Hordaland county were compared using descriptive statistics and generalized estimating equations. A generalized estimating equation for a binary outcome was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for the outcomes of interest. Adjusted generalized estimating equation models included age, breast volume, and density grade as covariates. Results Screening at the stationary unit was performed on smaller breasts with higher mammographic density, using lower compression force but higher pressure than at the mobile unit. Using the stationary screening unit as reference, for women screened at the mobile unit, the adjusted odds ratio was: for recall 0.94 (95% CI: 0.87--1.01), screen-detected breast cancer 0.92 (95% CI: 0.78--1.10), and interval breast cancer 1.17 (95% CI: 0.83–1.64). Conclusions The quality of care did not differ for women screened at the stationary versus the mobile unit, but there were differences between the women who attended the two units. Sociodemographic factors should be included in future analyses to fully understand the risk of breast cancer among women residing in urban versus rural areas.

scholarly journals Emotional Contagion in the Online Depression Community

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1609
Author(s):  
Jingyun Tang ◽  
Guang Yu ◽  
Xiaoxu Yao
Keyword(s):  
Support Groups ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Diurnal Patterns ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Interaction Behaviors

Negative emotions are prevalent in the online depression community (ODC), which potentially puts members at risk, according to the theory of emotional contagion. However, emotional contagion in the ODC has not been confirmed. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to verify the extent of emotional contagion using data from 1548 sample users in China’s popular ODC. During interaction, the emotional themes were analyzed according to language use. The diurnal patterns of the interaction behaviors were also analyzed. We identified the susceptible groups and analyzed their characteristics. The results confirmed the occurrence of emotional contagion in ODC, that is, the extent to which the user’s emotion was affected by the received emotion. Our study also found that when positive emotional contagion occurred, the replies contained more hopefulness, and when negative emotional contagion occurred, the replies contained more hopelessness and fear. Second, positive emotions were easier to spread, and people with higher activity in ODC were more susceptible. In addition, nighttime was an active period for user interaction. The results can help community managers and support groups take measures to promote the spread of positive emotions and reduce the spread of negative emotions.

The Impact of Financial Literacy on Financial Preparedness for Retirement in the Small and Medium Enterprises Sector in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-41
Author(s):  
Colin Agabalinda ◽  
Alain Vilard Ndi Isoh
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Retirement Preparedness ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effect Of Age

The study investigated the direct effects of financial literacy (knowledge, skills, and attitudes) on financial preparedness for retirement and the moderating effect of age among the small and medium enterprises in Uganda. Primary data was collected from a sample of n = 380 selected from the SME workforce. Descriptive analysis was run on SPSS, while validity and reliability of the measurement items yielded satisfactory composite reliability scores and average variance explained (AVE) scores for all items. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses and multi-group analysis conducted to test for the moderating effect of age on the relationship between financial literacy and retirement preparedness. The results revealed that knowledge and skills were significant predictors of retirement preparedness. However, ‘attitude' was not a significant predictor, and age had no moderating effect on the relationship between the study variables. These findings present practical implications for policymakers and financial educators in a developing country context.

scholarly journals 12-Year Trends in Active School Transport across Four European Countries—Findings from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2118
Author(s):  
Ellen Haug ◽  
Otto Robert Frans Smith ◽  
Jens Bucksch ◽  
Catherina Brindley ◽  
Jan Pavelka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Family Affluence ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Hbsc Study ◽  
Using Data

Active school transport (AST) is a source of daily physical activity uptake. However, AST seems to have decreased worldwide over recent decades. We aimed to examine recent trends in AST and associations with gender, age, family affluence, and time to school, using data from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study collected in 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018 in the Czech Republic, Norway, Scotland, and Wales. Data from 88,212 students (11, 13 and 15 years old) revealed stable patterns of AST from 2006 to 2018, apart from a decrease in the Czech Republic between 2006 and 2010. For survey waves combined, walking to and from school was most common in the Czech Republic (55%) and least common in Wales (30%). Cycling was only common in Norway (22%). AST differed by gender (Scotland and Wales), by age (Norway), and by family affluence (everywhere but Norway). In the Czech Republic, family affluence was associated with change over time in AST, and the effect of travel time on AST was stronger. The findings indicate that the decrease in AST could be levelling off in the countries considered here. Differential associations with sociodemographic factors and travel time should be considered in the development of strategies for AST.

scholarly journals The Impact of Work Characteristics on Social Distancing: Implications at the Time of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5074
Author(s):  
Keisuke Kokubun ◽  
Yoshinori Yamakawa
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Work Characteristics ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to spread globally. While social distancing has attracted attention as a measure to prevent the spread of infection, some occupations find it difficult to implement. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between work characteristics and social distancing using data available on O*NET, an occupational information site. A total of eight factors were extracted by performing an exploratory factor analysis: work conditions, supervisory work, information processing, response to aggression, specialization, autonomy, interaction outside the organization, and interdependence. A multiple regression analysis showed that interdependence, response to aggression, and interaction outside the organization, which are categorized as ”social characteristics,” and information processing and specialization, which are categorized as “knowledge characteristics,” were associated with physical proximity. Furthermore, we added customer, which represents contact with the customer, and remote working, which represents a small amount of outdoor activity, to our multiple regression model, and confirmed that they increased the explanatory power of the model. This suggests that those who work under interdependence, face aggression, and engage in outside activities, and/or have frequent contact with customers, little interaction outside the organization, and little information processing will have the most difficulty in maintaining social distancing.

Association between E-cigarette use and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in non-asthmatic adults in the USA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfred O Antwi ◽  
Darson L Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background Concern about the health impacts of e-cigarette use is growing; however, limited research exists regarding potential long-term health effects of this behavior. This study explored the relationship between e-cigarette use and COPD in a sample of US adults. Methods A secondary data analysis using data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey in the USA was computed to examine associations between e-cigarette use and COPD controlling for conventional cigarette smoking status, past month leisure physical activity and demographic characteristics including age, sex, education, race, marital status and body mass index. Results Significant associations between e-cigarette use and COPD among former combustible cigarette smokers and those who reported never using combustible cigarettes were found. Compared with never e-cigarette users, the odds of having COPD were significantly greater for daily e-cigarette users (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.11–2.03), occasional users (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.13–1.80) and former users (OR = 1.46 95% CI: 1.28–1.67). Conclusions Findings from this study indicate a potential link between e-cigarette use and COPD. Further research to explore the potential effects of e-cigarette on COPD is recommended.

The influence of prescriber and patient gender on the prescription of benzodiazepines: results from the Florida Medicaid Dataset

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Leanna M. W. Lui ◽  
Yena Lee ◽  
Orly Lipsitz ◽  
Nelson B. Rodrigues ◽  
Hartej Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Patient Gender ◽  
Prescription Rates ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract Background Benzodiazepine (BZD) prescription rates have increased over the past decade in the United States. Available literature indicates that sociodemographic factors may influence diagnostic patterns and/or prescription behaviour. Herein, the aim of this study is to determine whether the gender of the prescriber and/or patient influences BZD prescription. Methods Cross-sectional study using data from the Florida Medicaid Managed Medical Assistance Program from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. Eligible recipients ages 18 to 64, inclusive, enrolled in the Florida Medicaid plan for at least 1 day, and were dually eligible. Recipients either had a serious mental illness (SMI), or non-SMI and anxiety. Results Total 125 463 cases were identified (i.e., received BZD or non-BZD prescription). Main effect of patient and prescriber gender was significant F(1, 125 459) = 0.105, P = 0 .745, partial η2 < 0.001. Relative risk (RR) of male prescribers prescribing a BZD compared to female prescribers was 1.540, 95% confidence intervals (CI) [1.513, 1.567], whereas the RR of male patients being prescribed a BZD compared to female patients was 1.16, 95% CI [1.14, 1.18]. Main effects of patient and prescriber gender were statistically significant F(1, 125 459) = 188.232, P < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.001 and F(1, 125 459) = 349.704, P < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.013, respectively. Conclusions Male prescribers are more likely to prescribe BZDs, and male patients are more likely to receive BZDs. Further studies are required to characterize factors that influence this gender-by-gender interaction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document