scholarly journals IMPACT OF SPATIAL PLANNING FOR THE COST AND VALUE OPTIMIZATION IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT AGAINST NATURAL HAZARDS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A.C.D. Jayalath ◽  
◽  
P.A.P.V.D.S. Disaratna ◽  
K.T. Withanage ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Public Money ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Spatial planning is managing the environmental, social and economic dimensions of development. Today the built environment suffers from a lot of natural hazards, resulted due to poor concentration over the environmental, social and economic aspects. Magnitudes and frequencies of these natural hazards has shifted from bad to worst in the recent past. Therefore, economic cost of these hazards has increased, and governments has been compelled to spend large amounts of public money to overcome these impacts on the built environment. Thus, in Sri Lankan context, these circumstances warrant the need to have a sustainable and realistic approach for the spatial planning in the built environment. Hence, the aim of this research was to enhance the cost and value efficiency in built environment against natural hazards through proper spatial planning in Sri Lankan context. Research was conducted mainly based on a questionnaire survey following the mixed research approach. Study identified the impact of poor spatial planning in the built environment in Sri Lankan context and study imparted set of guidelines to ensure effective spatial planning in the built environment in order to minimize the impact of adverse natural hazards. Finally, study concluded that, in order to establish a paradigm shift emphasizing the importance of effective spatial planning in the built environment, it is essential to have a clear understanding on natural process and other socio-economic concerns of the country.

Impact of natural hazards on the evolving COVID-19 pandemic: cases from Greece

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mavrouli ◽  
Spyridon Mavroulis ◽  
Efthymios Lekkas
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Local Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Hydrological Hazards ◽  
Eastern Aegean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Post Disaster

<p>The first confirmed COVID-19 case was reported in December 2019. Over the first months of 2020, the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus was spread worldwide resulting in the declaration on March 11, 2020 of a global COVID-19 pandemic by the World Health Organization. The evolving pandemic has resulted in over 1900000 fatalities worldwide (as of January 8, 2021), while all sectors of the everyday life has been affected in numerous and varied ways. Natural hazards did not stop for the novel coronavirus. When the natural hazards cross the path of an evolving pandemic, compound emergencies emerge and are characterized by various effects and new unprecedented challenges.</p><p>Greece was no exception. Geological, hydrological and meteorological hazards took place in several parts of the country and they affected the local population, the natural and the built environment including buildings, infrastructures and lifelines. Among the most destructive effects in terms of human and economic losses was the March 21, 2020, Mw=5.7, Epirus (northwestern Greece) earthquake, the August 9, 2020, Evia (central Greece) flood, the September 17, 2020, Ianos medicane and the October 30, 2020, Mw=7.0, Samos (Eastern Aegean Sea) earthquake.</p><p>In order to identify the potential impact of the aforementioned disasters on the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in the disaster-affected areas, the officially reported laboratory-confirmed daily COVID-19 cases for the pre- and post- disaster periods from the disaster-affected areas were used. The impact of disasters in the evolution of the pandemic in the studied disaster-affected areas comprises increasing and decreasing trends and stability of the COVID-19 cases during the post-disaster period. More specifically, the geological and the hydrological hazards and the induced disasters negligibly affected the evolution of pandemic in the affected areas, while the hydrometeorological hazards resulted in increasing trends of the post-disaster reported COVID-19 cases in various affected areas.</p><p>The detected trends are strongly associated with the pre-existing viral load and infection rate in the disaster-affected areas, to the emergency response actions adapted to adopt provisional measures for the mitigation and elimination of COVID-19 consequences, to demographic features of the affected areas and to the intensity of the induced disasters and their effects on the local population (fatalities and injuries), the natural environment (primary and secondary environmental effects) and the built environment (structural damage to buildings, infrastructures and lifelines).</p>

scholarly journals Weather Risk Management in Energy Sector: The Polish Case

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Monika Wieczorek-Kosmala
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Weather Derivatives ◽  
Weather Risk ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Energy Companies ◽  
Weather Risk Management ◽  
The Impact

The energy sector is perceived as one of the most exposed sectors to the consequences of weather risk both directly (damages of its infrastructure) and indirectly (frictions to the energy supply–demand balance). The main aim of this paper is to provide an insight into the impact of weather risk on economic activity of companies operating in the energy sector in Poland. The empirical objective is to examine whether energy companies: (i) identify their relevant weather risk exposures; (ii) evaluate the impact of weather risk in the cost-revenues dimension; and (iii) implement weather risk management tools, in this case—weather derivatives. In a methodical context, this study relies on a unique research approach and derives from works that examine companies’ risk disclosures in annual reports, by applying textual content analysis. The results indicate that Polish energy companies recognize the impact of weather risk on their performance, also in the cost-revenues dimension. However, although the reported weather risk management methods were diversified, the examined companies did not use weather derivatives to hedge their weather risk exposures. In the overall dimension, the companies leading with the perception and management of weather risk were diversified regarding performance and market size.

scholarly journals Improving Australian Commercial Property Market Forecasting by Mapping Structural Changes in Built Environment

10.29007/3r3k ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Treshani Perera ◽  
Wejendra Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Commercial Property ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Property Markets

Property market forecasting is an integral element of decision-making. It is critical that property analysts employ a wide - range of models and techniques for property forecasting. These models have one overriding aim of predicting reasonable estimates of key dependent variables (demand, supply, rent, yield, vacancy and net absorption) based on the independent variables of core economic activities. However, a broad-fronted social, economic, technical, political and ecological evolution can throw up sudden, unexpected shocks that result in a possibility of sceptical to unknown risk factors. These structural changes decrease, even eliminate predictability of property market performance. Hence, forecasting beyond econometrics is raised as the research problem in this study. This study follows a qualitative research approach, conducting semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions. The primary data were collected from 22 property stakeholders within Australia. Structural changes framework in the built environment is developed and categorised under PESTEL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal) factors. This framework was developed theoretically and subjected to empirical validation and improvement. Property conversions, integrated property functions in a single location, ‘Give and Take’ effect in property markets, NABERS compliance could be seen as emerging structural changes in the Australian commercial property markets. The understanding of the impact on the property market will provide a subjective overlay to improve the econometric forecasts.

scholarly journals Implementasi Lean Manufacturing Guna Meminimalisasi Pemborosan Pada Proses Produksi AMDK Jenis Gelas Pada PT.XYZ

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Belita Mega Musfita ◽  
Nina Aini Mahbubah
Keyword(s):  
Production Line ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Value Stream ◽  
Current State ◽  
Industrial Manufacture ◽  
Process Failure ◽  
Flow Map ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

As an industrial manufacture , xyz is an enterprise  that produces mineral water should take into account in detail the processes in each production line in order to minimize the cost of activities of valueless activities. The impact of these activities is that they are excessive and inadequate to meet customer orders. The research focused  on analysing  the activities leading to waste to a glass-type production line based on a lean production approach. A case study based explanation  is a research approach. According to the current state map, according to the current state map of  wasteacross the value stream, the 'ham-filtering' of speakers and the 'cause of process  failure  on production lines' remains to be determined . Research shows that the dominant waste of the  higher sequence is deliberate, the lead time value is 4320 seconds and the cycle time is 60 seconds. Next, the average consumer product of 7.7% exceeds the company's maximum standard. Based on value stream flow map, improvement recommendations as follows: minimize waste, disposal of worthless activities,  5W1H enhancement on the fish edge  diagram and preventative maintenance activities to prevent unavoidable defects along production process activities.

scholarly journals The Healthcare Benefits and Impact of Artificial Intelligence Applications on Behaviour of Healthcare Users: A Structured Review of Primary Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helana Lutfi ◽  
Stefan Glasauer ◽  
Thomas Spittler
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most considered topics of the current time. AI has the power to bring revolutionary improvements to the world of technology not only in the field of computer science but also in other fields like medical sciences. Objectives: This paper assumes the adoption of appropriate AI engineering principals in previous studies, and focusses on providing a structured review of the impact of AI on human society and the individual human being as a technology user. Additionally, it opens a window on how the future will look like in terms of AI and personalised medicine. Methods: The paper employed a qualitative research approach and data were collected through a structured literature review. Twenty-three peer reviewed papers were identified and analysed in relation to their relevance to the study. Results: Previous studies show a positive impact on users' behaviour is expected in supporting their healthcare needs especially in decision-making, personalised treatment and future diseases prediction, and that integrating users in studying AI impact is essential to test possible implications of the technology. Conclusion: Results indicate that without a clear understanding of why patients need AI, or how AI can support individuals with their healthcare needs, it is difficult to visualise the kinds of AI applications that have a meaningful and sustainable impact the daily lives of individuals. Therefore, there is an emerging need to understand the impact of AI technology on users' behaviour to maximise the potential benefits of AI technology.

scholarly journals StEER: A Community-Centered Approach to Assessing the Performance of the Built Environment after Natural Hazard Events

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Kijewski-Correa ◽  
David B. Roueche ◽  
Khalid M. Mosalam ◽  
David O. Prevatt ◽  
Ian Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
The Impact

Since its founding in 2018, the Structural Extreme Events Reconnaissance (StEER) Network has worked to deepen the capacity of the Natural Hazards Engineering (NHE) community for coordinated and standardized assessments of the performance of the built environment following natural hazard events. This paper positions StEER within the field of engineering reconnaissance and the Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI), outlining its organizational model for coordinated community-led responses to wind, seismic, and coastal hazard events. The paper’s examination of StEER’s event response workflow, engaging a range of hardware and delivering a suite of products, demonstrates StEER’s contributions in the areas of: workflow and data standardization, data reliability to enable field-observation-driven research & development, efficiency in data collection and dissemination to speed knowledge sharing, near-real- time open data access for enhanced coordination and transparency, and flexibility in collaboration modes to reduce the “overhead” associated with reconnaissance and foster broad NHE community engagement in event responses as part of field and virtual assessment structural teams (FAST/VAST). StEER’s creation of efficient systems to deliver well-documented, reliable data suitable for diverse re-uses as well as rapidly disseminated synopses of the impact of natural hazard events on the built environment provide a distinctive complement to existing post-event reconnaissance initiatives. The implementation of these policies, protocols and workflows is then demonstrated with case studies from five events illustrating StEER’s different field response strategies: the Nashville, Tennessee Tornadoes (2020) – a Hazard Gradient Survey; the Palu Earthquake and Tsunami in Indonesia (2018) – a Representative Performance Study; the Puerto Rico Earthquakes (2019/2020) – using Targeted Case Studies; Hurricane Laura (2020) – leveraging Rapid Surveys to enable virtual assessments; and Hurricane Dorian (2019) in the Bahamas – a Phased Multi-Hazard Investigation. The use of these strategies has enabled StEER to respond to 36 natural hazard events, involving over 150 different individuals to produce 45 published reports/briefings, over 5000 publicly available app-based structural assessments, and over 1600 km (1000 mi) of street-level panoramic imagery in its first 2years of operation.

scholarly journals The Role of the Built Environment in Human Life. Selected Issues

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Lamprecht
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Application Layer ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Nature

Creation of the built environment and research in this field pose a particularly difficult challenge nowadays. The pace of social and technological change does not allow for evolutionary development of cities and the formation of their land use according to current conditions. Creating spatial solutions that are unmatched in their contexts is becoming not only possible, but very probable (see Alexander, 1964). The development of the built environment involves not only art, technology, history, economics and law, but also philosophy, culture, medicine, psychology, sociology and many other spheres in which human life is manifested. However, only a relatively small number of disciplines such as spatial planning, urban design, urban planning, etc. (ignoring at this point the differences in the meaning of the concepts) in their application layer are meant to create space and bear responsibility for it. Also society has certain requirements of practical nature towards them.This article attempts to outline the nature of research on space urbanised by people and to determine the four main fields of research aimed at the problems of man and the built environment. In the next part, particular attention is paid to issues related to the impact of the built environment on the life of its residents in order to highlight the particular role and complexity of this area of research. This study, acting as a kind of test of the research, cannot be considered representative. Nevertheless, the analysis prompts several reflections on the current and future role of the built environment in the development of our civilisation, as well as further challenges related to it.

scholarly journals Hospital resilience to natural hazards: classification and performance of utilities

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebil Achour ◽  
Masakatsu Miyajima ◽  
Federica Pascale ◽  
Andrew D.F. Price
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Utility Systems ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to: explore major and potential challenges facing healthcare facilities operation specifically those related to utility supplies; and quantify the impact of utility supplies interruption on the operation of healthcare facilities through the development of an estimation model. Design/methodology/approach – A pluralistic qualitative and quantitative research approach benefiting from an online computer program that applies the discriminant function analysis approach. Information was collected from 66 hospitals following three major earthquakes that struck northeast Japan in 2003. Findings – Analysis demonstrated that healthcare utilities face three major challenges: vulnerability of infrastructure to natural hazards; low performance of alternative sources; and lack of consideration of healthcare utility supplies in resilience codes and legislations. The study also proposed a method to estimate the impact of utility interruption of healthcare facilities. A model has been developed for the case study hospitals in Northern Japan following three major earthquakes in 2003. Practical implications – The findings are expected to raise the awareness of the critical role utilities play for the operation of healthcare facilities which will potentially lead to upgrading resilience codes and legislations. The findings are also expected to pool the literature with more information about the resilience of healthcare utility publications. Originality/value – The topic and issues discussed in this research are original based on authors’ investigations following three major earthquakes that took place in northeast Japan. The study followed a statistical approach in addressing the inter-relationship between the utility systems post disasters to develop an innovative unique index to predict the impact of utility shortage on healthcare.

scholarly journals The impact of future demographic change on overweight and obesity, and the economic cost associated with this phenomenon, in Georgia (USA), 2000–2040

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Nazrul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of future demographic changes on overweight and obesity, and the cost associated with overweight and obesity in Georgia, a rapidly growing and diversifying U.S. state. The number of overweight and obese adults is projected to increase from 3.7 million in 2000 to 10.2 million in 2040, an increase of 178.6 per cent. The annual costs associated with overweight and obesity is projected to increase from $6.8 billion to $21.1 billion, an increase of 209.8 per cent. The changes in overweight and obesity are predominantly driven by population growth, aging, and diversification of population.

Impovement Of Cost Formation Methods At Industrial Enterprises Taking Into Account Supply Chains

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Cherep ◽  
Alexander Cherep ◽  
Vitalina Babenko ◽  
Svitlana Dubynina ◽  
Elena Lyshchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lean Production ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Cost Price ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Management Optimization ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The essence of the concept of the "cost price" and the terms "economic cost elements", "lean production" are disclosed and described in this work. The author proposes the concept of "effective cost formation" into account the link of their formation.In the present article the author reveals the necessity of calculating the cost price on the enterprises. The need for revealing the essence and understanding of the economic component elements of the cost price at the industrial enterprises are determined here. The indicators of efficiency of economic elements of the cost price at the industrial enterprises are also highlighted in the present work. It is established that the effective formation of the cost price allows to increase the profit of the enterprise, which in in its turn increases the working capital of the enterprise, which enables the enterprise to buy raw materials and increase production volumes what results in costs reduction labor productivity increase. The article offers a methodological approach, using an integral and factor indicators that take into account the impact of "lean production" implementation, which accounts for every hryvnia of sales. The factor model allows to calculate possible reserves to reduce the cost price of the enterprise with effective management optimization of the formation, as well as through the introduction of "lean production".

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