scholarly journals Changes in the phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy individuals and patients with ischemic heart disease in exogenous hyperhomocysteinemia

Author(s):  
Е.В. Фефелова ◽  
П.П. Терешков ◽  
Н.Н. Цыбиков ◽  
М.В. Максименя

Цель исследования - изучение изменения фенотипа лимфоцитов периферической крови под влиянием гомоцистеина и гомоцистеина-тиолактона в краткосрочной культуре клеток. Методика. Исследована венозная кровь 15 относительно здоровых, некурящих добровольцев - мужчин в возрасте 30 - 40 лет и 16 больных ишемической болезнью сердца (стабильная стенокардия 2-го функционального класса), сопоставимых по возрасту с донорами. Кровь брали из локтевой вены в пробирки с добавлением антикоагулянта гепарина Li. В 3 стерильные пластиковые пробирки, содержащие по 1 мл крови, добавляли по 1 мл культуральной среды RPMI-1640 (Miltenyi BiotecGmbH, Германия) с 10% содержанием сыворотки, в 2 из них вносили растворы либо гомоцистеина (50 мкмоль/л), либо гомоцистеин-тиолактона (50 нмоль/л). 3-я и 4-я (контрольные) пробирки содержали эквивалентный объем физиологического раствора или культуральной среды. Фенотип лейкоцитов определяли после 4-часовой инкубации в 4,8% СО2 при 37 ºС. Результаты. Общее количество лейкоцитов, моноцитов и нейтрофилов в исследуемых группах не имело значимых различий. Было зафиксировано лишь увеличение содержания лимфоцитов в образцах периферической крови больных ишемической болезнью сердца за счет увеличения числа всех субпопуляций лимфоцитов. При изучении фенотипа лимфоцитов в культуре под воздействием высоких доз гомоцистеина и гомоцистеин-тиолактона количественные сдвиги наблюдались только в субпопуляции Т-лимфоцитов: в образцах крови условно здоровых добровольцев наблюдалось снижение количества Т-лимфоцитов за счет фракции Т-хелперов. В пробах больных ишемической болезнью сердца под воздействием гипергомоцистеинемии число Т-лимфоцитов не имело значимых различий по сравнению с контролем, но при этом содержание Т-хелперов снижалось на 20%, так же как в образцах крови условно здоровых добровольцев. Уровень цитотоксических лимфоцитов при добавлении гомоцистеина в культуру клеток условно здоровых добровольцев увеличивался на 50%, а при добавлении гомоцистеин-тиолактона - практически в 2 раза, в то же время у больных ишемической болезнью сердца эта фракция лимфоцитов увеличивалась на 70% как под воздействием гомоцистеина, так и гомоцистеин-тиолактона. Заключение. Высокие дозы гомоцистеина снижают количество Т-хелперов и увеличивают число цитотоксических лимфоцитов. Изменения более выражены в образцах крови лиц, страдающих атеросклерозом. Механизмы развития данного феномена требуют дальнейшего изучения. Aim. To study changes in the phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocyte induced by homocysteine and homocysteine thiolactone in a short-term cell culture. Methods. Venous blood was obtained from 15 conventionally healthy, non-smoking male volunteers aged 35.4 ± 4.7 years and 16 patients with ischemic heart disease (functional class II stable angina). Blood was collected from the ulnar vein into tubes containing heparin Li as an anticoagulant. Then 1 ml of RPMI-1640 culture medium (Miltenyi BiotecGmbH, Germany) with 10% of serum was added to each of 3 sterile plastic tubes containing 1 ml of blood each. A solution of either homocysteine (50 μmol/l) or homocysteine-thiolactone (50 nmol/l) was added to two of these tubes. The remaining two tubes (control) contained an equivalent volume of saline or the culture medium. The leukocyte phenotype was determined after 4 hours of incubation at 37°C in 4.8% CO2. Results. Total counts of leukocytes, monocytes and neutrophils did not significantly differ between the study groups. Only an increase in lymphocyte count was observed in blood samples from IHD patients due to increases in all lymphocyte subpopulations. Quantitative changes in the phenotype of lymphocytes exposed to high doses of homocysteine and homocysteine thiolactone were found only for the T-lymphocyte subpopulation; in blood samples from conventionally healthy volunteers, the T-lymphocyte count was decreased due to a decrease in the T-helper fraction. In blood samples from IHD patients exposed to hyperhomocysteinemia, the number of T-lymphocytes did not differ from the control. However, the T-helper level was decreased by 20% similar to that in blood samples of healthy volunteers. The level of cytotoxic lymphocytes in the cell culture from conditionally healthy volunteers exposed to homocysteine was increased by 50% and in the culture exposed to homocysteine thiolactone, it practically doubled. In the blood from IHD patients exposed to homocysteine or homocysteine thiolactone, this lymphocyte fraction was increased by 70%. Conclusion. High doses of homocysteine reduced the number of T-helpers and increased the number of cytotoxic lymphocytes. These changes were more pronounced in blood samples from patients with atherosclerosis. Mechanisms of this phenomenon require a further study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
N. M. Lazareva ◽  
O. P. Baranova ◽  
I. V. Kudryavtsev ◽  
N. A. Arsentieva ◽  
N. E. Liubimova ◽  
...  

Sarcoidosis is a polysystemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, morphologically related to the group of granulomatosis, with heterogeneous clinical manifestations and outcomes. Immune cells, in particular T helper cells, are attracted to lung tissue and/or other organs by chemokine gradients and play an important role in the granuloma formation. T helper cells migrate from peripheral blood to the tissues due to expression of CXCR3 chemokine receptor on their surface. It interacts, e.g., with CXCL9/MIG, CXCL10/IP- 10, and CXCL11/I-TAC. Our study was aimed for determining the levels of CXCL9/MIG, CXCL10/IP-10, CXCL11/I-TAC chemokines in peripheral blood of the patients with sarcoidosis, depending on the features of their clinical course before administration of immunosuppressive therapy. We studied peripheral blood plasma samples of the patients with sarcoidosis (n = 52). In 37% (19/52), they exhibited acute clinical manifestations, and 63% (33/52) had chronic sarcoidosis. The control group included peripheral blood samples from healthy volunteers (n = 22). The chemokine concentrations (pg/ml) were determined by multiplex analysis using xMAP technology (Luminex), and Milliplex MAP test system (Millipore, USA). In the patients with sarcoidosis, significantly higher levels of chemokines were shown relative to healthy volunteers: CXCL9, 4013.00 pg/ml vs 1142.00 pg/ml (p < 0.001); CXCL10, 565.90 pg/ml vs 196.60 pg/ml (p < 0.001); CXCL11, 230.20 pg/ml vs 121.10 pg/ml (p = 0.018). Plasma concentrations of CXCL9 and CXCL10 were significantly increased both in blood samples from patients with acute and chronic sarcoidosis compared to healthy volunteers, p < 0.001. The level of CXCL11 chemokine was significantly increased only in the patients with chronic sarcoidosis, compared to the healthy volunteers: respectively, 251.50 pg/ml and 121.10 pg/ml (p = 0.044). The levels of this chemokine correlated with the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), with r = 0.374; p = 0.042. The ACE level in sarcoidosis is considered a clinical and laboratory index of the disease activity. In acute sarcoidosis, the level of CXCL11 chemokine was not significantly higher than in healthy individuals, whereas the CXCL9 chemokine content was significantly increased and correlated with ACE activity (r = 0.762; p = 0.037). The level of CXCL9 chemokine was significantly decreased in patients with signs of fibrosis as compared with fibrosis-free patients (1839.88 pg/ml vs 4375.52 pg/ml, p = 0.035). Significantly higher levels of CXCL9 were detected in cases of systemic sarcoidosis, i.e. 6036.84 pg/ml, as compared with 1927.44 pg/ml in the patients without these signs (p = 0.018). Evaluation of clinical and laboratory diagnostic characteristics for plasma chemokine levels in sarcoidosis patients allowed to assess their sensitivity and specificity. The respective values were as follows: in acute sarcoidosis: for CXCL9, 84% and 95%; for CXCL10, 84% and 95%; for CXCL11, 74% and 59%. In chronic sarcoidosis, the respective values for CXCL9 were 82% and 72%; for CXCL10, 91% and 77%; for CXCL11, 79% and 55%, respectively. Thus, the determination of plasma CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 chemokines in sarcoidosis allows of understanding their role in development of the disease, e.g., recruitment of T helper cells from peripheral blood to the lung tissue, and granuloma formation. Clinical and immunological comparisons of CXCL9 levels in the peripheral blood of patients and characteristics of the clinical course of sarcoidosis indicate to the role of this diagnostic parameter for assessing the disease activity, signs of lung fibrosis, and systemic manifestations in this disease.


1980 ◽  
Vol 151 (5) ◽  
pp. 1125-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
R B Corley ◽  
K A Switzer ◽  
D E Hudson ◽  
M A Cooley

The interaction of T helper (Th) cells with syngeneic and allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL.P) has been investigated. Unprimed and mixed lymphocyte culture-primed peripheral T cells were used as a source of Th. Thymocytes, which depend upon exogenous Th cells for activation, were used as a source of cytotoxic precursors. Data is presented that demonstrates that at least two pathways of T-T interaction can lead to the activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes. The first is an allogeneic effect, in which Th cells recognize and respond to alloantigens expressed on CTL.P. The second is the interaction of Th cells with syngeneic CTL.P, in which both cell types are thought to respond to alloantigens on stimulator cells. The latter interaction can be shown to be restricted by H-2-linked determinants when primed Th cells are used and allogeneic effects against thymocytes are minimized. Restricted interactions between unprimed Th cells and thymocyte CTL.P have never been observed. Mechanisms that may explain the difference between the interaction of unprimed and primed Th cells with CTL.P are discussed.


1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (05) ◽  
pp. 672-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas W Shammas ◽  
Michael J Cunningham ◽  
Richard M Pomearntz ◽  
Charles W Francis

SummaryTo characterize the extent of early activation of the hemostatic system following angioplasty, we obtained blood samples from the involved coronary artery of 11 stable angina patients during the procedure and measured sensitive markers of thrombin formation (fibrino-peptide A, prothrombin fragment 1.2, and soluble fibrin) and of platelet activation ((3-thromboglobulin). Levels of hemostatic markers in venous blood obtained from 14 young individuals with low pretest probability for coronary artery disease were not significantly different from levels in venous blood or intracoronary samples obtained prior to angioplasty. Also, there was no translesional (proximal and distal to the lesion) gradient in any of the hemostatic markers before or after angioplasty in samples obtained between 18 and 21 min from the onset of the first balloon inflation. Furthermore, no significant difference was noted between angioplasty and postangioplasty intracoronary concentrations. We conclude that intracoronary hemostatic activation does not occur in the majority of patients during and immediately following coronary angioplasty when high doses of heparin and aspirin are administered.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Saponaro ◽  
Marco Borsò ◽  
Sara Verlotta ◽  
Lavinia Bandini ◽  
Alessandro Saba ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 278-285
Author(s):  
Norimitsu Takamura ◽  
Douyan Wang ◽  
Takao Satoh ◽  
Takao Namihira ◽  
Hisato Saitoh ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204173142110086
Author(s):  
Jun Yong Kim ◽  
Won-Kyu Rhim ◽  
Yong-In Yoo ◽  
Da-Seul Kim ◽  
Kyoung-Won Ko ◽  
...  

Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been studied as vital components of regenerative medicine. Typically, various isolation methods of exosomes from cell culture medium have been developed to increase the isolation yield of exosomes. Moreover, the exosome-depletion process of serum has been considered to result in clinically active and highly purified exosomes from the cell culture medium. Our aim was to compare isolation methods, ultracentrifuge (UC)-based conventional method, and tangential flow filtration (TFF) system-based method for separation with high yield, and the bioactivity of the exosome according to the purity of MSC-derived exosome was determined by the ratio of Fetal bovine serum (FBS)-derived exosome to MSC-derived exosome depending on exosome depletion processes of FBS. The TFF-based isolation yield of exosome derived from human umbilical cord MSC (UCMSC) increased two orders (92.5 times) compared to UC-based isolation method. Moreover, by optimizing the process of depleting FBS-derived exosome, the purity of UCMSC-derived exosome, evaluated using the expression level of MSC exosome surface marker (CD73), was about 15.6 times enhanced and the concentration of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), known as impurities resulting from FBS, proved to be negligibly detected. The wound healing and angiogenic effects of highly purified UCMSC-derived exosomes were improved about 23.1% and 71.4%, respectively, with human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC). It suggests that the defined MSC exosome with high yield and purity could increase regenerative activity.


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