scholarly journals Оценка штаммов гриба рода Fusarium на поражение растений огурца

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Chistyakova ◽  
L.M. Sokolova ◽  
O.V. Baklanova ◽  
A.A. Egorova
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root System ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Fusarium Fungus

Рассматриваемая в статье проблема поражения растений огурца (Cucumis sativus L.) корневой гнилью, которая возникает во всех типах культивационных сооружений, основная и при селекции и семеноводстве этой культуры. Возделывание монокультуры приводит к увеличению и накоплению и увеличению инфекционной нагрузки грунта. Цель работы поиск источников устойчивости и оценка селекционного и линейного материала огурца для создания гетерозисных гибридов с устойчивостью к фузариозному увяданию (корневой гнили). Исследования проведены во ВНИИО филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО в двух культурооборотах в условиях поликарбонатных необогреваемых грунтовых теплиц в течение 2017-2019 годах. Технология выращивания общепринятая в хозяйстве. Лабораторные исследования проведены в лаборатории иммунитета отдела селекции и семеноводства ВНИИО филиал ФГБНУ Федеральный научный центр овощеводства . Исследования проведены на инцухт-линиях партенокарпического огурца, был апробирован экспресс-метод Закладка семян огурца, в суспензию спор исследуемых патогенов с последующей высадкой семян в стерильные опилки . В результате микрокопирования получены три штамма чистой культуры гриба рода Fusarium, представлено их описание и методика выделения изолятов. В работе описано приготовление суспензии спор гриба для заражения, расчет количества спор, подготовка стерилизованных древесных опилок, процесс дезинфекции семян, указаны благоприятные условия для развития и распространения гриба рода Fusarium. Представлена шкала учета степени поражения корневой системы сеянцев огурца в фазу развития первого настоящего листа. Схема опыта предполагала пять вариантов, которая включала тестирование новых полученных штаммов грибов рода Fusarium выделенных с пораженной корневой системы огурца в поликарбонатных необогреваемых грунтовых теплицах при мониторинге пораженности растений огурца корневой гнилью во втором культурообороте, в качестве стандарта был использован штамм гриба Fusarium oxysporum идентифицированный при исследованиях сотрудниками ГНУ Всероссийского научно исследовательского института овощеводства А.В. Поляковым, А.А. Ткачевой, И.И. Тарасенковым и Н.К. Бирюковой в качестве контроля - вода стерильная дистиллированная. Представлены результаты оценки пораженности проростов грибами р. Fusarium в сравнениии со стандартом и контролем. Сделан вывод, что мониторинг пораженности растений огурца корневой гнилью в грунтовых теплицах, позволяет отслеживать развитие и распространение очагов болезни растений, идентифицировать и определить агрессивность возбудителя в конкретных производственных условиях, и как следствие, вовремя принимать меры для предотвращения эпифитотий. Установлено, что у стандарта, физиологическая раса гриба Fusarium oxysporum более агрессивна по сравнению с выделенными штаммами, так как она полностью преодолевает устойчивость данного генотипа. Определен контроль восприимчивости к Fusarium oxysporum.The problem of affection of cucumber plants by root rot, which occurs in all types of cultivation facilities, considered in the article, is also fundamental in the selection and seed production of this crop. The cultivation of monoculture leads to accumulation and increase of infectious soil load. The purpose of the research work is to find sources of resistance and evaluate the breeding and line cucumber material for creating heterosis hybrids with resistance to Fusarium wilt (root rot). The research was carried out in ARRIVG - branch of FSBSI FSCVG in two crop rotations in polycarbonate unheated ground greenhouses during 2017-2019. Cultivation technology is generally accepted in agriculture. Laboratory tests were conducted in the immunity laboratory of the Selection and Seed Production Department of ARRIVG branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of Federal Scientific Vegetable Center. The research was carried out on inbreeding lines of a parthenocarpic cucumber the express method Putting cucumber seeds into spore suspension of the studied pathogens with subsequent planting out in acepticized sawdust was tested. As a result of micro-coping, three strains of pure culture of Fusarium fungus are obtained, their description and method of obtaining of isolates are presented. The research work describes the preparation of a suspension of fungal spores for inoculation, the calculation of the number of spores, the preparation of acepticized sawdust, the process of seed disinfection the favorable conditions for the progression and spread of the Fusarium fungus are stated. The scale of accounting for the degree of damage of the root system of cucumber seedlings in the phase of development of the first real leaf is presented. The scheme of the experiment had five options and included testing of new Fusarium fungus strains obtained from the affected cucumber root system in polycarbonate unheated ground greenhouses with monitoring the affection of cucumber plants with root rot in the second crop rotation a strain of Fusarium oxysporum fungus was used as a standard, it was identified during the research by the staff of the All-Russian Research Institute of Vegeculture: A.V. Polyakov, A. A. Tkacheva, I. I. Tarasenkov and N. K. Birukova as a control, sterile distilled water was used. The results of evaluation of affection of seedlings with Fusarium fungi in comparison with the standard and control are presented. It is concluded that monitoring of cucumber plants affected by root rot in ground greenhouses allows controlling the progress and spread of centers of infection, identifying and determining the pathogene aggressivity in specific production conditions, and as a result, taking timely measures to prevent epiphytoties. It is found that the standard has more aggressive physiological race of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum in comparison with obtained strains, since it completely overcomes the resistance of this genotype. The control of susceptibility to Fusarium oxysporum is determined.

Variety study of parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids under conditions of the second light zone (Kirov)

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Е.Л. Макарова ◽  
Л.А. Чистякова ◽  
О.В. Бакланова ◽  
Ю.В. Борцова
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Breeding Research ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Early Production

Приведены экспериментальные данные оценки по хозяйственно полезным признакам одиннадцати новых партенокарпических гетерозисных гибридов огурца в условиях весенне-летнего оборота Кировской области. Проблема возделывания теплолюбивых культур в северных регионах страны формирует цели селекционных исследований. Выращивание культуры огурца в Кировской области усугубляется неблагоприятными климатическими условиями второй световой зоны (короткая продолжительность вегетационного периода, низкие положительные температуры, заморозки в третьей декаде июля и в первой декаде августа). Цель научной работы – оценка и выявление перспективных партенокарпических гетерозисных гибридов огурца для выращивания в условиях необогреваемых теплиц в весенне-летнем обороте второй световой зоны. Исследования проводили в лаборатории северного овощеводства Кировской области во Всероссийском научно – исследовательском институте овощеводства – филиале ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства» в условиях поликарбонатных необогреваемых грунтовых теплиц в течение 2018-2019 годах. В результате фенологических наблюдений и оценки биометрических показателей определены раннеспелость, скороспелость и товарность испытуемых партенокарпических гетерозисных гибридов огурца селекции Агрохолдинга «Поиск» и ВНИИО – филиала ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства»: F1Авоська, F1 Атос, F1 Букет для мамы, F1Малахитовая шкатулка, F1 Мультифрут, F1 Новатор, F1Пилигрим, F1 Спринтер, F1 Реванш, F1 Тонус, F1Экспресс в сравнении с районированным гибридом огурца F1 Каролина. Определено сильное негативное влияние климатических условий второй световой зоны на продолжительность периода «всходы-плодоношение», который в среднем за годы исследований в зависимости от гибрида варьировал от 47 до 55 суток. Установлено, что для получения ранней продукции огурца в условиях поликарбонатных необогреваемых грунтовых теплиц Кировской области следует выращивать гетерозисные партенокарпические гибриды огурца F1Спринтер (3,6 кг/м2), F1 Авоська (2,1 кг/м2) и F1 Атос (2,5 кг/м2). Отмечены партенокарпические гибриды огурца F1 Спринтер и F1 Атос, которые имеют наиболее высокий выход товарной продукции 95,7 и 94,0%, соответственно. Выделен самый урожайный партенокарпический гибрид огурца F1 Новатор (16,1 кг/м2). В результате исследовательской работы рекомендовано выращивать в условиях необогреваемых теплиц весенне-летнего оборота Кировской области партенокарпические гибриды огурца F1 Новатор, F1 Спринтер, F1 Атос и F1 Авоська. The article presents the experimental data on the assessment of economically useful traits of eleven new parthenocarpic heterotic cucumber hybrids under the conditions of the spring-summer turnover of the Kirov region. The problem of cultivation of thermophilic crops, which arises in the northern regions of the country, is one of the stages of breeding research. The cultivation of cucumber in the Kirov region is aggravated by unfavorable climatic conditions of the second light zone (short duration of the growing season, low positive temperatures, frosts in the third decade of July and in the first decade of August). The purpose of the scientific work is to evaluate and identify promising parthenocarpic heterotic hybrids of cucumber for growing in unheated greenhouses in the spring-summer turnover of the second light zone. The research was carried out in the laboratory of northern vegetable growing of the Kirov region at the All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Centre in the conditions of polycarbonate unheated ground greenhouses during 2018-2019. As a result of phenological observations and assessment of biometric indicators, the early maturity, early maturity and marketability of the tested parthenocarpic heterotic cucumber hybrids of the selection of Agroholding Poisk and ARRIVG – a branch of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Centre were determined: F1 Avoska, F1 Atos, F1 Buket dlya mamy, F1 Multifrut, F1 Novator, F1 Piligrim, F1Sprinter, F1 Revansh, F1 Tonus, F1 Express in comparison with the zoned hybrid of cucumber F1 Carolina. A strong negative influence of climatic conditions of the second light zone on the duration of the seedling-fruiting period was determined, which on average over the years of research, depending on the hybrid, varied from 47 to 55 days. It has been established that to obtain early production of cucumber in polycarbonate unheated ground greenhouses of the Kirov region, heterotic parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids F1 Sprinter (3.6 kg/m2), F1 Avoska (2.1 kg/m2) and F1 Atos (2.5 kg/m2). Parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids F1 Sprinter and F1 Atos were noted, which have the highest yield of marketable products, 95.7 and 94.0%, respectively. The most productive parthenocarpic cucumber hybrid F1Novator (16.1 kg/m2) has been identified. As a result of the research work, it was recommended to grow parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids F1Novator, F1 Sprinter, F1 Atos and F1 Avoska under conditions of unheated greenhouses of spring-summer turnover of the Kirov region.

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium oxysporum Causing Root Rot in Ophiopogon bodinieri in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1254
Author(s):  
B. H. Lu ◽  
Z. Wang ◽  
G. J. Yi ◽  
G. W. Tan ◽  
F. Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
First Report

scholarly journals PR-1-Like Protein as a Potential Target for the Identification of Fusarium oxysporum: An In Silico Approach

BioTech ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Olalekan Olanrewaju Bakare ◽  
Arun Gokul ◽  
Marshall Keyster
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Protein Receptor ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Docking Interaction

Fusarium oxysporum remains one of the leading causes of economic losses and poor crop yields; its detection is strained due to its presentation in various morphological and physiological forms. This research work sought to identify novel biomarkers for the detection of Fusarium oxysporum using in silico approaches. Experimentally validated anti-Fusarium oxysporum antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) were used to construct a profile against Fusarium oxysporum. The performance and physicochemical parameters of these peptides were predicted. The gene for the Fusarium oxysporum receptor protein PR-1-like Protein, Fpr1, was identified and translated. The resulting protein model from the translation was then validated. The anti-Fusarium oxysporum AMPs and Fusarium oxysporum receptor protein 3-D structures were characterized, and their docking interaction analyses were carried out. The HMMER in silico tool identified novel anti-Fusarium oxysporum antimicrobial peptides with good performance in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. These AMPs also displayed good physicochemical properties and bound with greater affinity to Fusarium oxysporum protein receptor PR-1-like Protein. The tendency of these AMPs to precisely detect Fusarium oxysporum PR-1-like Protein, Fpr1, would justify their use for the identification of the fungus. This study would enhance and facilitate the identification of Fusarium oxysporum to reduce problems associated with poor crop yield, economic losses, and decreased nutritional values of plants to keep up with the growing population.

The growth of Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum) as influenced by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Fusarium oxysporum, and fertility level

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (21) ◽  
pp. 2773-2780 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Ames ◽  
R. G. Linderman
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
High Inoculum ◽  
Easter Lily ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Pot Culture

Easter lily bulbs were inoculated in the greenhouse with pot-culture inoculum containing a mixture of four vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi as well as other fungi and bacteria, including pathogens. These organisms had multiplied in association with roots of lily, onion, and clover in pot cultures inoculated with sievings from lily field soils. Growth, as measured by bulb weight gain, root volume, and total leaf area, was determined on lily bulb plants inoculated at two inoculum levels and grown under three fertilizer regimes. Growth of plants inoculated with pot-culture inoculum was less than that of controls, especially in plants given the high inoculum (which included pot-culture plant roots) and the high rate of fertilization. The growth reduction apparently was due to the combined effect of greater incidence of Fusarium oxysporum root rot infections, damage to roots from fertilizer, and lower incidence of VA mycorrhizal infections. More mycorrhizal infections occurred in the low-fertilizer treatment than in the high- or no-fertilizer treatments at both high and low inoculum levels, but more F. oxysporum root rot occurred in the high-inoculum, high-fertilizer treatment.In a second experiment, lily seedlings that lacked bulb nutrient reserves were grown at a low fertilizer level and inoculated with Acaulospora trappei without any pathogens. Mycorrhizal plants were significantly larger than nonmycorrhizal control plants, and their tissues contained more N, P, K, Ca, and Mg than control plant tissues.

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium oxysporum Causing Stalk Rot and Root Rot of Portulaca molokiniensis in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 2650-2650
Author(s):  
S. Ma ◽  
Z. Cao ◽  
Q. Qu ◽  
N. Liu ◽  
M. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
First Report ◽  
Stalk Rot

Actual problems of municipal law in Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Al'fiya Akmalova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Municipal Law ◽  
State Educational ◽  
The University ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
Improvement Of Legislation

The actual problems of municipal law in Russia are considered taking into account the peculiarities of master's degree training at the university, which provides for both the presence of a system of students with certain knowledge in the field of jurisprudence, including the main institutions of municipal law, and their significant focus on research work. Special attention is paid to the consideration of the main amendments and additions to the current legislation on local self-government, discussions that accompany the improvement of legislation and law enforcement practice. The electronic educational and methodological appendix to the textbook includes an approximate work program and educational and methodological materials for independent work on the study of the discipline, as well as lectures and presentations. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of educational institutions of higher education studying in the field of training 40.04.01 "Jurisprudence", as well as for graduate students, students of the system of additional professional education and teachers, all those who are interested in the problems of the development of municipal law, the theory of local self-government and the practice of state and municipal management.

scholarly journals Reaction of potential guava rootstocks to Meloidogyne enterolobii

Revista CERES ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Marcelo Chiamolera ◽  
Antonio Baldo Geraldo Martins ◽  
Pedro Luiz Martins Soares ◽  
Tatiana Pagan Loeiro da Cunha-Chiamolera
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
System Development ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽  
Reproduction Factor

ABSTRACT Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii is the main phytosanitary problem of guava cultivation in Brazil. Among the strategies to manage the problem, the best prospects are in identifying or developing cultivars or rootstocks that are resistant to this nematode. To identify plants with potential as rootstocks for guava, the reaction of araçá (wild guava) to M. enterolobii was assessed in a greenhouse experiment. Seven araçá species were evaluated (Eugenia stipitata, Psidium acutangulum, P. cattleyanum ‘yellow’, P. friedrichsthalianum, P. guajava var. minor, P. guineense, and Psidium sp.). The plants were inoculated with a suspension of 3,000 eggs of M. enterolobii, using eggplant as control treatment. The parameters fresh root mass, number of eggs and second stage juveniles (J2) per root system, the reproduction factor (RF = Pf/Pi), and araçá reaction were determined during the experiment. RF of the araçá species E. stipitata, P. cattleyanum ‘yellow’, and P. friedrichsthalianum was less than one (RP < 1), therefore resistant to M. enterolobii. The araçá trees had good root system development and the susceptible plants showed many root galls, high number of eggs and J2, and Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani root rot. The araçá species, P. cattleyanum ‘yellow’, P. friedrichsthalianum, and E. stipitata are resistant to M. enterolobii and can be tested as potential guava rootstocks.

scholarly journals Immunological characteristics of winter wheat varieties to the main pathogens in the right-bank Forest Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
L. Golosna ◽  
O. G. Afanasieva ◽  
O.V. Shevchuk ◽  
L.O. Kucherova ◽  
I.S. Shvets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Group Resistance ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Aim. To determine the resistance of winter wheat varieties to the main pathogens, to establish their stability and plasticity, to identify perspective sources of resistance. Methods. Laboratory – production of inoculum of pathogens; field – artificial inoculation,, assessment of variety stability; statistical calculation of disease severity, indicators of stability and plasticity. Results. In 2015–2017, the resistance of 43 varieties of winter wheat to the main pathogens of leaf diseases, common bunt and root rots was assessed. Resistance to powdery mildew was found in 32 varieties, tan spot – in 2, root rot – in 3, hard smut – in 2 varieties. Six varieties of winter wheat were characterized by group resistance. Varieties that combine high plasticity and stability of the sign of disease resistance have been identified. Conclusions. Valuable sources of resistance are winter wheat varieties with group resistance to common bunt and powdery mildew – Tradytsiia Odeska and Kurs; powdery mildew and tan spot – Nasnaga and Zolotonozhka; powdery mildew and root rot – Nezabudka and Shchedrist kyivska.Keywords: resistance, winter wheat, diseases, plasticity, stability.

scholarly journals Morphological and pathogenic characterization of Fusarium oxysporum in lulo (Solanum spp.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-37
Author(s):  
Yohana Patricia Anama ◽  
Ricardo Díaz ◽  
David Esteban Duarte-Alvarado ◽  
Tulio Cesar Lagos-Burbano
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Genotype G1

Fusarium oxysporum is one of the most limiting fungal pathogens of lulo crop. To determine its pathogenicity, this work morphologically and pathogenically characterized F. oxysporum isolates from different lulo-growing municipalities of the Department of Nariño. Twenty isolates were evaluated through a completely randomized design with two factors and three replicates per treatment, including a control. The first factor corresponded to 20 isolates of F. oxysporum and the second to 10 lulo genotypes. The morphological characterization involved determining growth rate (GR), color (CO), mycelial type (MT), medium coloration (Mc), shape (Sh), size (S), number (N) of macroconidial (Ma) and microconidial (Mi) septa, presence of chlamydospores (PC), and chlamydospore shape (CS). Moreover, the pathogenic characterization was based on the incubation period (IP), absolute growth rate (AGR), disease severity (DS), disease incidence (I), and vascular discoloration (VD). The morphological characterization demonstrated that all isolates corresponded to F. oxysporum. For IP, genotype G1 showed the lowest average at 18 days. For AGR, genotype G2 had the lowest height increase at 0.05 cm.day-1. For DS, genotype G1 reached the highest severity level (level 9) and a disease incidence of 100%. This study provides the first report of the special form of F. oxysporum f. sp. quitoense in Nariño. Solanum hirtum, Solanum sessiliflorum, and Solanum estramonifolium were resistant to the isolates evaluated, demonstrating that wild species should be considered as sources of resistance for breeding programs aiming to obtain resistant commercial genotypes.

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