scholarly journals Immunological characteristics of winter wheat varieties to the main pathogens in the right-bank Forest Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
L. Golosna ◽  
O. G. Afanasieva ◽  
O.V. Shevchuk ◽  
L.O. Kucherova ◽  
I.S. Shvets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Group Resistance ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Aim. To determine the resistance of winter wheat varieties to the main pathogens, to establish their stability and plasticity, to identify perspective sources of resistance. Methods. Laboratory – production of inoculum of pathogens; field – artificial inoculation,, assessment of variety stability; statistical calculation of disease severity, indicators of stability and plasticity. Results. In 2015–2017, the resistance of 43 varieties of winter wheat to the main pathogens of leaf diseases, common bunt and root rots was assessed. Resistance to powdery mildew was found in 32 varieties, tan spot – in 2, root rot – in 3, hard smut – in 2 varieties. Six varieties of winter wheat were characterized by group resistance. Varieties that combine high plasticity and stability of the sign of disease resistance have been identified. Conclusions. Valuable sources of resistance are winter wheat varieties with group resistance to common bunt and powdery mildew – Tradytsiia Odeska and Kurs; powdery mildew and tan spot – Nasnaga and Zolotonozhka; powdery mildew and root rot – Nezabudka and Shchedrist kyivska.Keywords: resistance, winter wheat, diseases, plasticity, stability.

scholarly journals Screening of winter wheat varieties for leaf diseases resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 287-290
Author(s):  
H.M. Kovalyshyna ◽  
Yu.M. Dmytrenko ◽  
A.O. Butenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Group Resistance ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Term Field

The results of long-term field research on the search for resistant varieties of bread winter wheat, created at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka institute of wheat, to major leaf diseases are presented. Researches were performed under conditions of artificial inoculation by pathogens in field infectious nurseries. Varieties with resistance to brown rust have been identified: Kolumbiia, Remeslivna, Pereiaslavka, Bohdana, Monotyp, Khazarka, Pam'iati Remesla, Yasnohirka, Dostatok, Svitanok Myronivs`kyi, Berehynia Myronivs`ka, Horlytsia myronivs`ka, Trudivnytsia Myronivs`ka, MIP Kniazhna, MIP Vyshyvanka. Powdery mildew: Kolumbiia, Remeslivna, Snizhana, Pereiaslavka, Favorytka, Bohdana, Khazarka, Monotyp, Pam'iati Remesla, Voloshkova, Yasnohirka, Lehenda Myronivs`ka, Svitanok Myronivs`kyi, Oberih Myronivs`kyi, Berehynia Myronivs`ka, Horlytsia Myronivs`ka, Hospodynia Myronivs`ka, MIP Valensiia, Trudivnytsia Myronivs`ka, MIP Kniazhna, MIP Vyshyvanka. Common bunt: Kolumbiia, Snizhana, Pereiaslavka, Favorytka, Volodarka, Bohdana, Pyvna, Madiarka, Yuviliar Myronivs`kyi, Myronivs`ka storichna, Yasnohirka, Dostatok, Lehenda Myronivs`ka, Oberih Myronivs`kyi, Berehynia Myronivs`ka, Horlytsia Myronivs`ka, MIP Kniazhna and MIP Vyshyvanka. As well varieties with group resistance to leaf diseases: Kolumbiia, Smuhlianka, Snizhana, Pereiaslavka, Volodarka, Favorytka, Bohdana, Zolotokolosa, Khazarka, Monotyp, Madiarka, Pam'iati Remesla, Lehenda Myronivs`ka, Svitanok Myronivs`kyi, Berehynia Myronivs`ka, MIP Vyshyvanka and varieties MIP Dniprianka, Estafeta Myronivs`ka, Vezha Myronivs`ka.

scholarly journals Isolation of sources of resistance of winter wheat samples to the group of pathogens as a component of immunological protection of plants

2017 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
L. Golosna ◽  
O. Afanasieva ◽  
G. Lisova ◽  
L. Kucherova
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Immunological Protection ◽  
Group Resistance

In 2014—2016 on the artificial infectious background of the pathogens of Septoria leaf blotch, leaf rust and bunt, and on the natural background of powdery mildew and root rot, the stability of the collection of cultivars of winter wheat of different ecological and geographical origin was assessed. Perspective sources of group resistance to pathogens are identified to powdery mildew and root rot — Midas (Austria); to pathogens of powdery mildew and bunt — Radiance (Ukraine), Miranda (Romania), F94578G3-1/Bucur // Delabrad (Romania); to leaf rust and root rot — Mukhran (Germany) and Mv17/Zrn (Iran). To the pathogen Septoria leaf bloth of winter wheat resistant varieties is not detected.

Impact of the estimated doses of mineral fertilizers on the infestation mildew, pyrenophora and yield of winter wheat varieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Y. Ozheredova ◽  
◽  
A. N. Esaulko ◽  
L.A. Mikhno ◽  
A.P. Shutko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The article presents materials on the influence of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers on the incidence of powdery mildew, pyrenophorosis and yield of winter wheat varieties cultivated on leached Chernozem for 2016-2018.

scholarly journals Resistance of winter wheat varieties to tan spot in the North Caucasus region of Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Yu. Kremneva ◽  
Nina V. Mironenko ◽  
Galina V. Volkova ◽  
Olga A. Baranova ◽  
Yuri S. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

scholarly journals Features of the formation of productivity signs of the yielding capacity in winter wheat varieties under different growing conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
V. V. Bazalii ◽  
I. V. Boichuk ◽  
Ya. O. Lavrynenko ◽  
H. H. Bazalii ◽  
Ye. O. Domaratskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Comparison Research ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Aim. Further improvement and application of modern methods of wheat breeding of different types of development for adaptiveness caused by change in the character of manifestation of limiting environmental factors under conditions of the Southern Ukrainian Steppe. Methods. Field experiment, selection and genetic, calculation and comparison research methods were used. Wheat varieties of different genetic and ecological origin under different growing conditions were examined. Results. Analysis of the parameters of plasticity and stability of the elements of the yield structure in winter wheat varieties under different growing conditions revealed that their variability depends on both genotype and ecological gradients. For instance, by the weight of grain from ears only the varieties Kirena and Yaroslavna were distinguished by a high reaction to changes in growing conditions (bi= 1,215 – 1,635) among the analyzed genotypes, the other varieties Askaniiska, Askaniiska Berehynia, Znakhidka odeska and Klarisa manifested quite high plasticity (bi= 0,454 – 0,816). There was an analogous situation in the formation of the number of grains per ear. It is necessary to highlight an important biological feature of these varieties which formed the highest actual productivity under late sowing conditions and different sowing rates when compared to other varieties and realized its potentialities better. Conclusions.The research determined that every wheat variety of different development types should be considered in the aspect of its reaction to different growing conditions and to the capability of realizing genetic potential in a particular ecological region. The results of estimation of adaptiveness potential determined a high degree of homeostaticity in the winter wheat varieties Askaniiska, Askaniiska Berehynia, Perlyna and the variety of an alternative type Klarisa. Keywords: winter wheat, varieties of alternative types, adaptiveness, plasticity, stability.

Seeding date and location affect winter wheat infection by common bunt (Tilletia tritici and T. laevis) in western Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Gaudet ◽  
B. J. Puchalski ◽  
T. Despins ◽  
C. McCartney ◽  
J. G. Menzies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Tilletia Tritici ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Gaudet, D. A., Puchalski, B. J., Despins, T., McCartney, C., Menzies, J. G. and Graf, R. J. 2013. Seeding date and location affect winter wheat infection by common bunt (Tilletia tritici and T. laevis) in western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 483–489. The majority of western Canadian winter wheat varieties are susceptible to common bunt (Tilletia tritici and T. laevis) and the risk to production, particularly in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, where the majority of production occurs, is unknown. Inoculated trials were employed to determine the effects of fall seeding date on bunt infection levels on one resistant and two susceptible winter wheat varieties at three locations in western Canada during three growing seasons from 2007/2008 to 2009/2010. Among the three locations, average infection levels were highest in Lethbridge, AB, followed by Glenlea, MB, and Saskatoon, SK. Later seeding resulted in high infection levels at all three locations in the susceptible varieties, particularly in Lethbridge, but high infection levels were observed in the earliest seeded treatments at both the Saskatchewan and Manitoba locations. The resistant variety Blizzard consistently exhibited infection levels of less than 3% infection across all environments. In a second test at conducted at Lethbridge, 10 of the 11 currently grown winter wheat varieties were susceptible to common bunt. These results indicate that there is a general risk of common bunt infection to winter wheat production across western Canada and that control measures must be taken until resistant varieties are developed.

scholarly journals Variability of yield and resistance to disease of soft winter wheat varieties depending on the year of testing

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
L. Holyk ◽  
L. Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Very High ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

New varieties of soft winter wheat have been submitted for state scientific and technical expertise: Krasunya Poliska, Mokosha, Pyriatynka, Fortetsia Poliska, Efektna – in 2018, Zemlerob and Lyubito – in 2020. The best varieties in 2020 were Efektna – 6.87 t/ha, Pyriatynka and Zemlerob – 6.56 t/ha each, Fortetsia Poliska – 6.48 t/ha. During 2016-2020, all the varieties undergoing qualification examination exceeded the Lisova pisnia standard in terms of yield (5.97 t/ha). Thus, the yield of the Fortetsia Poliska variety was 7.31 t/ha, Pyriatynka – 7.10 t/ha, Zemlerob – 7.06 t/ha, Krasunya Poliska – 6.95 t/ha, Lyubito – 6.72 t/ha ha, Efektna – 6.36 t/ha, Mokosha – 6.27 t/ha. It is worth noting the significant variation in the yield over the years of research in all varieties submitted for further study and registration for state scientific and technical examination. At the Panfil research station, the yield of soft winter wheat varieties Mokosha and Zemlerob exceeded the standard in terms of yield – 6.4 t/ha, Fortetsia Poliska – 6.1 t/ha and the Efektna variety was not inferior to the standard – 5.9 t/ha. Brown rust damage during 2016–2020 was lower compared to powdery mildew. It was found that the Efektna variety had a very high resistance to both powdery mildew and brown rust. Very high resistance to brown rust was observed in 2020 for all varieties that were submitted for variety testing. It was found that the incidence of leaf septoria during 2016–2020 was high compared to brown rust and powdery mildew. The cultivar Zemlerob was selected, which had both a stable lesion (Min = 7 %) and a weak susceptibility (Max = 28 %). It was found that in the snowless 2020 and in the abundant rainfall of 2018, the defeat of septoria leaves had moderate resistance (X = 15.81 %) and (X = 20.03 %). Studies have shown that in 2020 a very high resistance to septoria of the ear was observed in the variety Fortetsia Poliska. In the Pyriatynka, Efektna, Lyubito varieties, the development of the disease was noted to be 1.0 % and the spread of the disease in the area – 10.0 %. Key words: soft winter wheat, variety, variability, yield, resistance to diseases, powdery mildew, brown rust, leaf septoria, olive mold, striped mosaic of leaves, BYDV.

scholarly journals Regulation of physiological processes in winter wheat by growth regulators in conditions of powdery mildew infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-336
Author(s):  
Т. P. Mamenko ◽  
R. A. Yakymchuk
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

An important way of regulating the key units of metabolism in the plant organism under the action of stressors is the use of biologically active substances with regulating properties – plant growth regulators. They affect endogenous regulatory systems, altering key metabolic pathways and thus increasing the plant's sustainability and productive potential in adverse environmental conditions. The aim of the research was to establish the possibility of regulation of physiological processes in winter wheat varieties by exogenous treatment of plants with growth regulators of synthetic (salicylic acid) and natural (Emistim C and Biolan) origin to increase their resistance to the phytopathogen Erysiphe graminis DC f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal , the causative agent of powdery mildew. The intensity of the physiological processes in plants was evaluated by the dynamics of the activity of antioxidant enzymes – ascorbate peroxidase and catalase, the release of ethylene and the integrity of the cell membranes. The objects were selected varieties of soft winter wheat, which were grown in controlled growing conditions against the background of infection by powdery mildew. The treatment of plants was carried out using aqueous salicylic acid solutions in the concentration of 10–5 M (experimentally established by us), Emistim C and Biolan (manufacturer Agrobiotech) in the concentration specified by the manufacturer at the rate of 20 mL/ha, when the development of the disease reached 5% of the total natural background of the infection in the plants during the stages of heading-beginning of flowering. Infection of winter wheat with powdery mildew leads to disruption of cell membrane integrity, increased activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in leaves of the susceptible winter wheat variety. The intensification of ethylene release by leaves of the resistant variety was observed, which was caused by the hypersensitive reaction of the hormone to the effect of stress. The use of plant treatment by growth regulators contributes to maintaining the integrity of membrane structures, adaptive changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and regulation of the synthesis of the stress hormone ethylene in both winter wheat varieties under stress. Such changes in the physiological processes induced by plant growth regulators are accompanied by the preservation of the grain productivity of winter wheat and the increase of their resistance to the development of the disease.

scholarly journals New sources of powdery mildew resistance among winter bread wheat for adjusting the breeding immunological programs in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Т. G. Derova ◽  
N. V. Shishkin ◽  
О. S. Kononenko
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Resistant Varieties

Systematic work on the development of winter wheat varieties possessing resistance to a complex of the most harmful diseases has been carried out in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” since the early 1970s. During this period, there has been created a large number of varieties that possess resistance to 3–4 diseases in conditions of infectious backgrounds of pathogens. Due to the analysis of varieties, there was identified a small number of varieties resistant to powdery mildew. Powdery mildew, caused by the fungus Blumeria graminis (DC) Speer, annually occurs on wheat, affecting all aboveground plant organs. Earlier the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” developed and widely cultivated the medium-resistant varieties ‘Tanais’ (2006), ‘Nakhodka’ (2015), ‘Etyud’, ‘Shef’, ‘Lilit’ (2016), ‘Volnitsa’ (2017), ‘Polina’, Yubiley Dona’ , ‘Podarok Krymu’ (2018), ‘Niva Dona’ (2019). In recent years, breeders have developed such varieties with high resistance to the pathogen as ‘Donskaya Step’ (2016), ‘Premiera’, ‘Univer’ (2018), ‘Priazovye’, ‘Zolotoy Kolos’ (2020). But the breeding process of varieties for resistance to powdery mildew is difficult, since it is explained by the small number of effective resistance genes and their sources. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to identify new sources of resistance to the pathogen. Under the conditions of artificial infection, during last 10 years there was conducted a testing of 302 varieties and samples of winter wheat of domestic and foreign breeding. There have not been identified immune varieties. There was identified a small percentage (15.2) of varieties that were resistant to the pathogen. Among the Russian varieties they were ‘L 3191 k-5-8’, ‘Akhmat’, ‘Alievich’, ‘Barier’, ‘Ulyasha’, ‘Knyaginya Olga’, which were not attacked by the disease over the years of testing. Among foreign varieties, the varieties ‘Bombus’, ‘Sailor’ (France), ‘Etana’, ‘Rotax’, ‘KVS-Emil’ (Germany), ‘Fidelius’ (Austria), ‘MV 09-04’ (Hungary) were identified as the best ones in their resistance to powdery mildew. All identified sources of resistance have been recommended in breeding programs for immunity.

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