scholarly journals Morphological and pathogenic characterization of Fusarium oxysporum in lulo (Solanum spp.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-37
Author(s):  
Yohana Patricia Anama ◽  
Ricardo Díaz ◽  
David Esteban Duarte-Alvarado ◽  
Tulio Cesar Lagos-Burbano
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Genotype G1

Fusarium oxysporum is one of the most limiting fungal pathogens of lulo crop. To determine its pathogenicity, this work morphologically and pathogenically characterized F. oxysporum isolates from different lulo-growing municipalities of the Department of Nariño. Twenty isolates were evaluated through a completely randomized design with two factors and three replicates per treatment, including a control. The first factor corresponded to 20 isolates of F. oxysporum and the second to 10 lulo genotypes. The morphological characterization involved determining growth rate (GR), color (CO), mycelial type (MT), medium coloration (Mc), shape (Sh), size (S), number (N) of macroconidial (Ma) and microconidial (Mi) septa, presence of chlamydospores (PC), and chlamydospore shape (CS). Moreover, the pathogenic characterization was based on the incubation period (IP), absolute growth rate (AGR), disease severity (DS), disease incidence (I), and vascular discoloration (VD). The morphological characterization demonstrated that all isolates corresponded to F. oxysporum. For IP, genotype G1 showed the lowest average at 18 days. For AGR, genotype G2 had the lowest height increase at 0.05 cm.day-1. For DS, genotype G1 reached the highest severity level (level 9) and a disease incidence of 100%. This study provides the first report of the special form of F. oxysporum f. sp. quitoense in Nariño. Solanum hirtum, Solanum sessiliflorum, and Solanum estramonifolium were resistant to the isolates evaluated, demonstrating that wild species should be considered as sources of resistance for breeding programs aiming to obtain resistant commercial genotypes.

scholarly journals Production performance and business analysis of clown loach Chromobotia macracanthus (Bleeker 1852) in recirculating systems with different stocking densities and water discharge

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
Riska Puluhulawa ◽  
Tatag Budiardi ◽  
Iis Diatin ◽  
Irzal Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Recirculate Aquaculture System ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Absolute Growth

Efforts to improve the production performance of clown loach in recirculate aquaculture system can be done by increasing stocking density and water discharge. This study aimed to analyze the effect of increasing stocking density and water discharge on production performance, stress response and water quality in order to obtain the best stocking density and water discharge to obtain maximum profit in a short time. A factorial completely randomized design with two factors, i.e. the stocking density of 1, 2, and 3 fish L-1 and the water discharge of 0,05; 0,10; 0,15 L s-1 was performed. The volume of water used in each aquarium was 48 L and using a ½ inch faucet stop to regulate the water discharge from the inlet pipe. Clown fish fed Tubifex sp. with a feeding frequency of two times a day according to the treatment for 60 days. The result indicates that there was no interaction between the two factors on production performance, payback period, and R/C ratio. Stocking density has a significant effect on specific growth rate, absolute growth rate of individual weight, feeding consumption rate and R/C ratio of clown loach. Stocking density and water discharge had an interaction on the visual color of pectoral and caudal fins of clown loach. Different stocking densities with the combination of water discharge in this study resulted that the water quality were within tolerable range for clown loach so that they did not experience stress, as well as high production and business performance. It is recommended to intensify clown loach with a stocking density of 3 fish L-1 and 0,15 L s-1‑ of water discharge.

scholarly journals Effects of different post-harvest treatments on bio-chemical characters and diseases of litchi in storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Fakhar Uddin Talukder ◽  
Md. Sohanur Rahman ◽  
Md. Kamrul Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Chemical Characters

Objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of different post-harvest treatments on bio-chemical characters and diseases of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn, var. Bombai). The experiment consisted of two factors. Factor A: Temperature viz. T1: Ambient temperature, T2: 4ºC temperature; Factor B: PP bags (Polypropylene bag) viz. P1: Control (unwrapped), P2: 50 micro meter (µm) PP bag, P3: 75µmm PP bag, P4: 100µm PP bag. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Significant variation was observed in total soluble solid, PH of fruit pulp, vitamin c content, percent disease incidence and disease severity during the storage period. TSS contents increased up to the 6th day of storage and there after declined. pH values were maximum (4.14) in the fruits kept in 100µ polypropylene bag at ambient temperature. Vitamin C continent decreased with the increase of storage period. Disease incidence and severity progress with the storage period. Among the treated and untreated fruits, 75µm pp bag at low temperature (4ºC) treatment exhibited better storage performance. More research should be conducted by using other litchi cultivar like Bedana, China-3 etc. Various technologies have been devised to minimize the post-harvest losses of litchi, one of such technologies is the use of PP bag & low temperature.  

scholarly journals Dampak Letak Buah Pada Pohon dan Perlakuan Benih Terhadap Perkecambahan Benih Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)

Jurnal Agrium ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fauzi ◽  
Faisal Faisal ◽  
Muhammad Rafli
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Germination Vigor

This study aims to determine the effect of the location of fruit on trees and treatment on seeds to germination cocoa. This study was conducted in Tumpok Teungoh Village, Banda Sakti Sub-district, Lhokseumawe City, August to September 2016. This study used Completely Randomized Design with 3 replications. Two factors studied were (a) the location of the fruit on the tree where L1 = The location of the fruit on the stem and L2 = The location of the fruit on the branch. (b) treatment factor in seeds where P1 = Without pulp clearance, P2 = Pulp cleansing. The parameters observed were potential growth, germination, vigor index, growth rate and synchronization of cocoa seed growth. The result of variance analysis showed that the fruit difference treatment did not affect the observation of maximum growth potential and cocoa seed germination, but it influenced the observation of vigor index, growth rate and synchronization of cocoa seed growth. Treatment of pulp cleansing did not affect the observation of growth potential, germination, growth rate and synchronization of seed growth, but pulp cleansing treatment had an effect on observation of vigor index of cocoa seed. There was no interaction between fruit difference treatment and treatment of cocoa bean pulp cleansing of all observed parameters

scholarly journals Fusarium oxysporum (F221-B) as biocontrol agent against plant pathogenic fungi in vitro and in hydroponics

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thongkamngam Titi ◽  
Jaenaksorn Tanimnun
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Further Development

Efficacy of non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum (F221-B) was assessed as a possible biocontrol agent against fungal pathogens, namely Curvularia lunata (C11, C12), F. semitectum (F113), F. oxysporum f.sp. lactucae (F221-R, F442-G), Rhizoctonia solani (R11, R12), Rhizoctonia sp. (R111, R112, R113) in vitro, while F221-B showed a moderate ability to inhibit the mycelial growth of tested fungi about 36–56%. Then, F221-B was further evaluated for its ability of controlling lettuce root rot and wilt caused by F442-G in hydroponics. It was revealed that F221-B reduced disease incidence and severity about 60–80% compared to the inoculated control and significantly promoted the growth of 3 lettuce varieties. Interestingly, using only F221-B gave the significantly highest fresh weight (twice over the healthy control). Conclusively, this study provides an important suggestion for further development of F221-B since it showed the ability of biocontrol agent and plant growth promoting fungus.

scholarly journals Incidence and management of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides canker on Jatropha curcas L. in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1811-1814
Author(s):  
J.O. Nwogwugwu ◽  
A.A. Batcho ◽  
I Time
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of fungal pathogens on man is enormous, stretching from infecting humans to destroying a third of all food crops annually thereby causing economic losses and impacting global poverty. As a result, fungal disease incidence was assessed under natural field infection and data were collected randomly from 12 months old jatropha seedlings with cankers. Colletotrichum spp. isolated from the diseased sampled were interacted with known fungi and bacteria biocontrol agents. The experiment was carried out on completely randomized design (CRD) in the laboratory. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and statistically different means were separated using LSD (p≤0.05). The dual culture interaction proved that all the BCA used, possessed antagonistic potential, and could serve best for prophylactic protection. Plant diseases may be suppressed by the activities of one or more plant-associated microbes hence keeping them in check below threshold levels. This will help to maintain the quality and abundance of food, thereby mitigating hunger. Negative environmental consequences caused by excessive use and misuse of agrochemicals, requires that healthier and costeffective approaches to disease management should be adopted. Keywords: Biodiesel; Agrochemicals; Biocontrol agent; Dual culture; Pathogens

scholarly journals The Effects of Biopesticide and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae on the Nutrient Content of Binucleate Rhizoctonia-Induced Vanilla Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Haryuni Haryuni ◽  
Andre Fahriz Perdana Harahap ◽  
Supartini ◽  
Achmadi Priyatmojo ◽  
Misri Gozan
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Plant Nutrient Content ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) fungi are essential for the germination of vanilla seeds. Chemical control of the soil-borne pathogen might adversely affect BNR. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Nicotiana tabacum extract biopesticides and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae (Fusarium) on vanilla plant nutrient content induced by BNR. Materials and Methods. The research design was completely randomized design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was biopesticide (dosage of 0, 10, 20, and 30 ml/seedling), and the second factor was the application of Fusarium. Results. The increase in the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of vanilla was affected by biopesticides and Fusarium inoculation. Fusarium inoculation has no significant effect on nitrogen and phosphorus levels but significantly affects potassium levels. The biopesticide dosage is significant for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The interaction of biopesticides with Fusarium inoculation did not significantly affect the parameters of nitrogen and phosphorus content, but significantly affected potassium content. Conclusion. The application of biopesticides and Fusarium inoculation after induction of BNR can increase nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of vanilla plants.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Fungal Pathogens Causing Fruit Rot of Deciduous Holly

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 2430-2445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Lin ◽  
Nancy J. Taylor ◽  
Francesca Peduto Hand
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Inoculum Concentration ◽  
Fruit Samples

Cut branches of deciduous holly (Ilex spp. L.) harboring colorful berries are traditionally used as ornaments in holiday decorations. Since 2012, a fruit rot of unspecified cause has resulted in significant yield reduction and economic losses across Midwestern and Eastern U.S. nurseries. In this study, symptomatic fruit samples collected from nine different locations over five years were analyzed, and several fungal species were isolated. A combination of morphological characterization, multilocus phylogenetic analyses, and pathogenicity assays revealed that Alternaria alternata and Diaporthe ilicicola sp. nov. were the primary pathogens associated with symptomatic fruit. Other fungi including A. arborescens, Colletotrichum fioriniae, C. nymphaeae, Epicoccum nigrum, and species in the D. eres species complex appeared to be minor pathogens in this disease complex. In detached fruit pathogenicity assays testing the role of wounding and inoculum concentration on disease development, disease incidence and severity increased when fruit was wounded and inoculated with a higher inoculum concentration. These findings indicate that management strategies that can protect fruit from injury or reduce inoculum may lower disease levels in the field. This research established the basis for further studies on this emerging disease and the design of research-based management strategies. To our knowledge, it also represents the first report of species of Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Diaporthe, and Epicoccum causing fruit rot of deciduous holly.

scholarly journals Studies on the fungal dieback disease on some fruit trees in Zalingei Locality, Darfur, Sudan

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dieback Disease

The study was carried out at Zalingei locality, Central Darfur State, in the year 2017, to determine the fungal pathogens that causing dieback disease to the fruit trees, and to study the effect of aqueous Neem extract (Azadirachta indica) on growth of the identified fungal pathogens under laboratory conditions. Experimental approach and descriptive analytical method were used. Primary data were collected using the questionnaires, laboratory experiment, field survey and personal interviews. Results revealed that there are two types of fungi (Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia sp.) which causing dieback disease in the study area. The highest dieback disease incidence recorded was found to be: 5.0% (In Mango), 4.3% (In Guava) and 2.5% (In Citrus), in Zalingei, Orukum and Qere area, respectively. Results showed that the water extract of neem seeds had an inhibitory effect on growth of both Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia sp. There was no significant difference between the effect of different concentrations 12.5%, 25%, and 50% of aqueous neem extracts on dieback fungal causal agents growth but in case of Fusarium oxysporum growth of the colony was reduced by 21.0%, 38.57%, and 54.47% respectively, while in case of Rhizoctonia sp., it reduced by 25%, 51.10%, and 51.34% respectively. The study suggested to raise the awareness of the farmers about the dieback disease through workshops, trainings and control campaigns, Additional studies for others substitutes and additional studies on other Dieback disease causes.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut Kappaphycus alvarezii Yang Dikultur Menggunakan Dua Jenis Tali Ris Dengan Kondisi Berbeda

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harnoto H ◽  
Joppy D Mudeng ◽  
Lukas L.J.J Mondoringin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Trial Length ◽  
Long Line ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
The Absolute

The study aimed to determine the growth of seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii cultured using different type of rope ris with different conditions. The study was conducted over 64 days, starting on September 1 to November 3, 2014 Village Jaya Karsa, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi. The experiment was designed according to 2x3 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design (CRD). Two factors were tested, namely rope ris type and conditions. Factors ris types strap consisted of two type: Monofilament nylon and Multifilament PE. Factor conditions of ris rope consisted of three levels, namely: new, used cleaned, and the former was not cleaned, so there were 6 treatments. Experiment container was floating longlines. One unit consisted of 3 longline trial. Length per longline 28.80 m, 18 pieces of string length of rope ris 1.6 m each strap was 7 point planting, planting the overall number of points 378 points planting. K. alvarezii seaweed seedlings obtained from Jaya Karsa farmers. Weighing was done 4 times, weighing early, 1 week, 2 weeks, and at the end of week 3, using a digital scale with a precision of 1 g. Accretion weight was calculated to be the absolute growth rate (g) and daily growth rate (%). The results showed that the absolute growth and the daily growth of seaweed K. alvarezii not significantly influenced by different type and condition of the rope ris. Keywords : Kappaphycus alvarezii, long line, Multifilament PE, Monofilament nylon.

scholarly journals Screening and Morphological Characterization of Melons for Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis Race 1.2

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1021-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hela Chikh-Rouhou ◽  
Rafael González-Torres ◽  
José María Alvarez ◽  
Ali Oumouloud
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

A total of 110 melon accessions with different geographical origins (18 countries) were screened for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis race 1.2 (pathotypes 1.2Y and 1.2W) using two artificial inoculation procedures. Twelve accessions showed some resistance to one or both strains. Three Japanese accessions, Shiro Uri Okayama (var. conomon), Kogane Nashi Makuwa, and C-211 (var. makuwa), and a Portuguese accession, BG-5384 (var. cantalupensis), showed the highest levels of resistance to both strains. The remaining eight accessions (all var. inodorus) had some level of partial resistance to 1.2W only. To our knowledge, this is the first time a high level of resistance to F. oxysporum f.sp. melonis race 1.2 has been identified in melon accessions of Western origin. The morphological traits of the 12 accessions that showed partial resistance were characterized to assess their suitability as resistance sources in melon breeding programs. Because most of the Western commercial cultivars belong to the cantalupensis, reticulatus, or inodorus botanical varieties, the resistant accessions from these varieties seem to be the most useful sources of resistance in breeding programs for developing melon cultivars of these types resistant to fusarium wilt race 1.2. The Portuguese accession BG-5384 had a high level of resistance within the Western types, and its morphological characteristics were fairly similar to some of the Western commercial cultivars.

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