Variety study of parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids under conditions of the second light zone (Kirov)

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Е.Л. Макарова ◽  
Л.А. Чистякова ◽  
О.В. Бакланова ◽  
Ю.В. Борцова

Приведены экспериментальные данные оценки по хозяйственно полезным признакам одиннадцати новых партенокарпических гетерозисных гибридов огурца в условиях весенне-летнего оборота Кировской области. Проблема возделывания теплолюбивых культур в северных регионах страны формирует цели селекционных исследований. Выращивание культуры огурца в Кировской области усугубляется неблагоприятными климатическими условиями второй световой зоны (короткая продолжительность вегетационного периода, низкие положительные температуры, заморозки в третьей декаде июля и в первой декаде августа). Цель научной работы – оценка и выявление перспективных партенокарпических гетерозисных гибридов огурца для выращивания в условиях необогреваемых теплиц в весенне-летнем обороте второй световой зоны. Исследования проводили в лаборатории северного овощеводства Кировской области во Всероссийском научно – исследовательском институте овощеводства – филиале ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства» в условиях поликарбонатных необогреваемых грунтовых теплиц в течение 2018-2019 годах. В результате фенологических наблюдений и оценки биометрических показателей определены раннеспелость, скороспелость и товарность испытуемых партенокарпических гетерозисных гибридов огурца селекции Агрохолдинга «Поиск» и ВНИИО – филиала ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства»: F1Авоська, F1 Атос, F1 Букет для мамы, F1Малахитовая шкатулка, F1 Мультифрут, F1 Новатор, F1Пилигрим, F1 Спринтер, F1 Реванш, F1 Тонус, F1Экспресс в сравнении с районированным гибридом огурца F1 Каролина. Определено сильное негативное влияние климатических условий второй световой зоны на продолжительность периода «всходы-плодоношение», который в среднем за годы исследований в зависимости от гибрида варьировал от 47 до 55 суток. Установлено, что для получения ранней продукции огурца в условиях поликарбонатных необогреваемых грунтовых теплиц Кировской области следует выращивать гетерозисные партенокарпические гибриды огурца F1Спринтер (3,6 кг/м2), F1 Авоська (2,1 кг/м2) и F1 Атос (2,5 кг/м2). Отмечены партенокарпические гибриды огурца F1 Спринтер и F1 Атос, которые имеют наиболее высокий выход товарной продукции 95,7 и 94,0%, соответственно. Выделен самый урожайный партенокарпический гибрид огурца F1 Новатор (16,1 кг/м2). В результате исследовательской работы рекомендовано выращивать в условиях необогреваемых теплиц весенне-летнего оборота Кировской области партенокарпические гибриды огурца F1 Новатор, F1 Спринтер, F1 Атос и F1 Авоська. The article presents the experimental data on the assessment of economically useful traits of eleven new parthenocarpic heterotic cucumber hybrids under the conditions of the spring-summer turnover of the Kirov region. The problem of cultivation of thermophilic crops, which arises in the northern regions of the country, is one of the stages of breeding research. The cultivation of cucumber in the Kirov region is aggravated by unfavorable climatic conditions of the second light zone (short duration of the growing season, low positive temperatures, frosts in the third decade of July and in the first decade of August). The purpose of the scientific work is to evaluate and identify promising parthenocarpic heterotic hybrids of cucumber for growing in unheated greenhouses in the spring-summer turnover of the second light zone. The research was carried out in the laboratory of northern vegetable growing of the Kirov region at the All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Centre in the conditions of polycarbonate unheated ground greenhouses during 2018-2019. As a result of phenological observations and assessment of biometric indicators, the early maturity, early maturity and marketability of the tested parthenocarpic heterotic cucumber hybrids of the selection of Agroholding Poisk and ARRIVG – a branch of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Centre were determined: F1 Avoska, F1 Atos, F1 Buket dlya mamy, F1 Multifrut, F1 Novator, F1 Piligrim, F1Sprinter, F1 Revansh, F1 Tonus, F1 Express in comparison with the zoned hybrid of cucumber F1 Carolina. A strong negative influence of climatic conditions of the second light zone on the duration of the seedling-fruiting period was determined, which on average over the years of research, depending on the hybrid, varied from 47 to 55 days. It has been established that to obtain early production of cucumber in polycarbonate unheated ground greenhouses of the Kirov region, heterotic parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids F1 Sprinter (3.6 kg/m2), F1 Avoska (2.1 kg/m2) and F1 Atos (2.5 kg/m2). Parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids F1 Sprinter and F1 Atos were noted, which have the highest yield of marketable products, 95.7 and 94.0%, respectively. The most productive parthenocarpic cucumber hybrid F1Novator (16.1 kg/m2) has been identified. As a result of the research work, it was recommended to grow parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids F1Novator, F1 Sprinter, F1 Atos and F1 Avoska under conditions of unheated greenhouses of spring-summer turnover of the Kirov region.

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 00046
Author(s):  
Mariya Goryunova

The author examines how federal state educational standards of higher education (FSES-HE) and professional standards can be combined. Methods of assessing the effectiveness of students' research activities through the electronic portfolio of students are being developed. The information about the existing forms of organization of research activities of students of bachelor's, specialist's and master's degree programs at the university, the requirements for the effectiveness of research work at each educational level were analyzed. The main result of the work is the positioning of the electronic student portfolio as a modern effective means of monitoring his educational achievements which allow assessing the acquisition of professional competencies by the student, solving the problems of organization, planning, implementation and qualitative/quantitative evaluation of his research activities implemented within the educational process. Pedagogical monitoring is characterized as a modern means of control and evaluating the effectiveness of research activities, ensuring the efficiency and availability of information. The principles of purposefulness and prognostication, objectivity, integrity and continuity, development and self-organization, systematic and consistent implementation of pedagogical monitoring are revealed. The relevance of score-rating evaluation of the effectiveness of research activities of students as the most adequate and demonstrative system for assessing the success of each student in scientific work is substantiated. It is concluded about the stimulating impact on regular pedagogical monitoring of research activities performed through the electronic portfolio of students.


2021 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Л.А. Чистякова ◽  
О.В. Бакланова

Представлены результаты экспериментального исследования четырех партенокарпических гетерозисных гибридов огурца в условиях необогреваемых теплиц весенне-летнего оборота в разных климатических зонах. Проблема адаптации теплолюбивых культур при возделывании их в промышленных условиях и личных подсобных хозяйствах возникает на территории Российской Федерации повсеместно. Выращивание огурца усложняют высокие требования растений к уровню освещения и температурному режиму. Поиск путей решения этого вопроса при селекции огурца – один из важных этапов научных исследований. Цель работы – оценка и подбор перспективных партенокарпических гибридов огурца для товаропроизводителей овощной продукции с высокими адаптационными качествами при их возделывании в различных почвенно-климатических условиях. Исследования проводили в ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО Кировской области (II световая зона, cумма ФАР – 400-580 кал/см2), в агрофирме «Поиск» Московской области (III световая зона, cумма ФАР – 610-970 кал/см2), в ССЦ «Ростовский» Ростовской области (VI световая зона, сумма ФАР – 1770-2080 кал/см2) в условиях необогреваемых теплиц в 2018-2020 годах. В результате оценки по хозяйственно полезным признакам в условиях необогреваемых теплиц весенне-летнего оборота в трех световых зонах определены адаптационные способности партенокарпических гетерозисных гибридов селекции агрофирмы «Поиск»: F1  Новатор, F1 Пилигрим, F1 Реванш, F1 Экспресс. Отмечено существенное влияние климатических условий на продолжительность периода плодоношения культуры огурца. Установлена средняя урожайность огурца в условиях необогреваемых теплиц весенне-летнего оборота в зависимости от региона выращивания, которая составила в Московской области 25,3 кг/м2; в Кировской области – 14,2 кг/м2; в Ростовской области - 31,9 кг/м2. Определена средняя урожайность гибридов в трех регионах: F1 Новатор – 24,8 кг/м2; F1 Пилигрим – 25,1 кг/м2; F1 Реванш – 22,1 кг/м2; F1Экспресс – 23,2 кг/м2. По результатам исследовательской работы для рационального выращивания овощной продукции в условиях необогреваемых теплиц весенне-летнего оборота Южного и Центрального федеральных округов с.-х. товаропроизводителям рекомендованы партенокарпические раннеспелые гетерозисные гибриды огурца F1 Новатор, F1 Пилигрим, F1Экспресс; северных регионов – гибриды F1 Новатор, F1Пилигрим и F1 Реванш. The results of an experimental study of four parthenocarpic heterotic cucumber hybrids under the conditions of unheated greenhouses of spring-summer rotation in different climatic zones are presented. The problem of adaptation of warm-weather crops at cultivating in industrial conditions and personal subsidiary farms arises everywhere on the territory of the Russian Federation. The cultivation of cucumber is aggravated by high requirements of plants for lighting level and temperature conditions. The search for solution for this issue in cucumber breeding is one of the most important stages of scientific research. The aim of the research is to evaluate and select promising parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids for vegetable producers with high adaptive qualities in various soil and climatic conditions. The research was carried out in ARRIVG – a branch of FSBSI “Federal Scientific Vegetable Centre” in the Kirov region (II light zone, the amount of PAR – 400-580 сal/cm2), in the Poisk agrofirm in the Moscow region (III light zone, the amount of PAR – 610-970 cal/cm2), in the Rostov SBC in the Rostov region (VI light zone, the amount of PAR – 1770-2080 cal/cm2), under the conditions of unheated greenhouses during 2018-2020. The adaptive abilities of parthenocarpic heterotic hybrids bred by the Poisk agrofirm – F1  Novator, F1Piligrim, F1 Revansh, F1 Express – were determined under the conditions of unheated greenhouses of spring – summer rotation in the III light zones. The significant influence of climatic conditions on the duration of fruiting period of cucumber was noted. The average yield of the cucumbers under the conditions of unheated greenhouses of spring–summer rotation, depending on the growing region, was established, which was 25.3 kg/m2in the Moscow region; 14.2 kg / m2 in the Kirov region; 31.9 kg/m2in the Rostov region. The average yield of the hybrids in the three regions was stated: F1 Novator – 24.8 kg/m2; F1 Piligrim – 25.1 kg/m2; F1  Revansh – 22.1 kg/m2; Express F1 – 23.2 kg/m2. As a result of the research work, parthenocarpic early-maturing heterotic cucumber hybrids F1 Novator, F1 Piligrim, F1 Express are recommended for rational cultivation under the conditions of unheated greenhouses of spring-summer rotation for agricultural producers in the Southern and Central Federal Districts; hybrids F1 Novator, F1 Piligrim and F1 Revansh – in the Northern regions.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Kobylinskaya ◽  
◽  
T. I. Barasheva ◽  
R. V. Badylevich ◽  
A. N. Chapargina ◽  
...  

The scientific-analytical report presents a study of the financial-investment potential distinguishing its structural elements: potentials of economic entities, fiscal and financial-credit potentials. A special attention is paid to functional specificities of each element of the financial potential in regional development and revealing their interconnections. Regions of the Russian Arctic zone characterized by severe climatic conditions, having strong nature resource potential, and being a zone of increased interest from large corporate structures and strategic interest of the state are the object of the study. The work is addressed to scientific researchers, legislative and executive authorities of different levels, financial-credit institutions, enterprises and organizations, lecturers and students as well as other readers interested in issues of the Arctic territories’ development. The scientific and analytical report was prepared as a part of the state assignment of FRS KSC RAS in terms of conducting research work of the G. P. Luzin Institute for Economic Studies on topic No. АААА-А18-118051590117-3 “Scientific bases of formation and implementation of the financial-investment potential of the Arctic and Northern regions”.


Author(s):  
T.M. Piskunova ◽  
Z.F. Mytieva

Для расширения ареала возделывания и продвижения культуры тыквы в северные районы страны нужны холодостойкие и ультраскороспелые сорта. Цель работы: изучение коллекции тыквы ВИР и выделение источников многоплодности для снабжения селекционеров ценным исходным материалом. Материал исследований: образцы тыквы коллекции ВИР различного географического происхождения. Исследования проводили в 20062016 годах на полях научно-производственной базы Пушкинские и Павловские лаборатории ВИР (Санкт-Петербург). Почвенно-климатические условия зоны изучения типичные для региона. Почвы дерново-подзолистые, супесчаные. Сумма температур за вегетационный период (май-сентябрь) 20202065 С (средняя 2049 С). Сумма осадков варьировала от 275 до 355 мм (средняя 325 мм). Способ выращивания безрассадный, агротехника общепринятая для культуры. Морфологическое описание образцов и оценку их по биологическим и хозяйственно ценным признакам проводили согласно методическим указаниям ВИР и классификатору культурных видов рода Cucurbita. В результате изучения образцов тыквы коллекции ВИР выделены 47 многоплодных образцов, формирующих на растении 58 порционных плодов. Из них наибольшей многоплодностью отличались: Baby Hubbard (к-4860), Vegetable Spaghetti (к-3353) и Little Gem (к-4383) из Канады, Baby Pam (к-5170), Bush everbearing (к-2438) и Mini jack (к-4812) из США, Красная (вр.к-2072), Красная драгоценность (к-5383) и Красная новинка (к-5384) из Китая, Cachi INTA (к-4269) и Cachi Magni INTA (к-4105) из Аргентины, Сластена (к-4935), Дюймовочка (к-5116), б/н (к-2787) из России, Dynia Makaronova (к-4471) из Польши, Местная (к-4927) из Болгарии. Стабильно высокий уровень продуктивности показали образцы Baby Hubbard (Канада), Cachi Magni INTA (Аргентина), Красная весенняя (Бельгия), Cachi INTA (Аргентина), Местная (Россия), Местная (Болгария). Кустовой габитус растения, способствующий более длительному периоду механизированной обработки, отмечен у 13 многоплодных образцов. Все многоплодные образцы отличались хорошими и отличными вкусовыми качествами (45 баллов). Проведена сравнительная оценка этих образцов по уровню спелости, продуктивности, качеству плодов. Выделены и рекомендованы в качестве исходного материала для селекции образцы, отличающиеся раннеспелостью, стабильной продуктивностью, имеющие кустовой габитус растения и высокие вкусовые качества.To expand the area of growing and promote pumpkin crop in the Northern regions of the country, cold-resistant and ultra-ripe cultivars are needed. The purpose of the work: to study the collection of pumpkin of VIR and identify sources of many fruits setting to supply breeders with valuable source material. The research material: samples of pumpkin collection of VIR of different geographical origin. The research was carried out in 2006-2016 in the fields of scientific and production base Pushkin and Pavlovsky laboratories VIR (St. Petersburg). Soil and climatic conditions of the study zone are typical for the region. The soils are sod-podzolic, sandy loam. The sum of temperatures for the growing season (may-september) - 2020-2065 C (average 2049 C). The amount of precipitation varied from 275 to 355 mm (average 325 mm). Method of cultivation non seedlings, agricultural machinery common to the culture. The morphological description of the samples and their assessment on biological and economically valuable features were carried out according to the methodical instructions of the VIR and the classifier of cultural species of the genus Cucurbita. As a result of the study of pumpkin samples of the VIR collection, 47 multi-fruit samples were identified, forming 5-8 portion fruits on the plant. Of these, the most prolific were: Baby Hubbard (K-4860), Vegetable Spaghetti (K-3353) and Little Gem (K-4383) from Canada, Baby Pam (K-5170), Bush everbearing (K-2438) and Mini jack (K-4812) from the United States, Red (t.k-2072), Red jewel (K-5383) and Red novelty (K-5384) from China, Cachi INTA (K-4269) and Cachi Magni INTA (K-4105) from Argentina, Slastena (K-4935), Dyujmovochka (K-5116), b/n (K-2787) from Russia, Dynia Makaronova (K-4471) from Poland, Local (K-4927) from Bulgaria. Consistently high level of productivity showed samples Baby Hubbard (Canada), Cachi Magni INTA (Argentina), Red spring (Belgium), Cachi INTA (Argentina), Local (Russia), Local (Bulgaria). Bush habitus of the plant, contributing to a longer period of mechanized processing, was noted in 13 multi-fruits specimens. All multiple samples had good and excellent taste qualities (4-5 points). The comparative assessment of these samples on the level of ripeness, productivity, quality of fruits is carried out. Selected and recommended as a starting material for breeding samples, characterized by early maturity, stable productivity, having a bush habit of the plant and high taste.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
E. K. Pchikhachev ◽  
T. A. Isushcheva

The article provides information on one of the research areas of the Adygh branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Federal Research Center «Subtropical Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences» related to walnut crops. The territorial location of the institution is the foothills of the Republic of Adygea. Scientific research work in the field of nut crops has been carried out in the Adygh branch of the FRC SSC 9f the RAS practically from the moment of its foundation since 1968. Expeditionary studies started in 2008 and were carried out until 2019. As a result of the expeditionary studies, 211 promising forms of Common hazel, 23 promising forms of walnut and 85 promising forms of sowing chestnut were isolated from local populations. The article provides data on experimental collection plots where selected promising forms and known varieties of common hazel, walnut, seed chestnut and common pecan grow. Information is given on the forms and varieties of walnut crops growing in the experimental collection plots. On the basis of the data presented it has been concluded that the Republic of Adygea acts as a donor of reserve territories with suitable climatic conditions for the cultivation of walnut crops; on the basis of the Adygh branch of the FRC of SSC of the RAS the gene pool of common hazel, walnut, common chestnut and common pecan is preserved, studied and replenished. To resolve the issue of using the gene pool of nut crops of the Adygh branch for further breeding work, it is necessary to study the features of their phenology, as well as assess the state of plants during the annual development cycle.


Author(s):  
R. V. Kulyan

The Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops has the citrus germplasm collection, in total over 150 genotypes of various origins including 30 wild and semi-wild relatives. As a result of controlled hybridization in 17 crossings combinations of with the participation of relatives of citrus plants, new 769 hybrid offspring were obtained, which combine the traits of both the maternal and paternal genotypes. Analyzing the populations, promising combinations were highlighted: C. reticulata × Fortunella margarita (47.1%); C. x natsudaidai × 3252 (42.1%) and C. reticulata × C. reticulata ‘Cleopatra’ (40.9%) to create the gene pool of distant hybrids. From the mentioned combinations of crossings the greatest percent of seedlings which phenotypes tend to cultivated varieties was received. This hybrid material is a valuable source for isolating forms that are resistant to extreme environmental factors. According to phenotypic characteristics, hybrids were divided into three categories: I – Cultural, II – Semi-wild and III – Wild. Of the first category, the largest number 87 prospective forms were selected, and can be of interest for further breeding. As a result of the study of interspecific hybrid seedlings, 137 promising forms have been identified, which are carriers the complex traits such as dwarfism, thornless, early maturity and increased winter hardiness. From this set 17 genotypes were selected, which received the status of an elite forms, which successfully pass the primary test, and will be also useful in further breeding work for creating sources with a complex of positive traits and on breeding new varieties of citrus crops resistant to growing conditions.


Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz M. Tomczyk ◽  
Ewa Bednorz ◽  
Katarzyna Szyga-Pluta

The primary objective of the paper was to characterize the climatic conditions in the winter season in Poland in the years 1966/67–2019/20. The study was based on daily values of minimum (Tmin) and maximum air temperature (Tmax), and daily values of snow cover depth. The study showed an increase in both Tmin and Tmax in winter. The most intensive changes were recorded in north-eastern and northern regions. The coldest winters were recorded in the first half of the analyzed multiannual period, exceptionally cold being winters 1969/70 and 1984/85. The warmest winters occurred in the second half of the analyzed period and among seasons with the highest mean Tmax, particularly winters 2019/20 and 1989/90 stood out. In the study period, a decrease in snow cover depth statistically significant in the majority of stations in Poland was determined, as well as its variability both within the winter season and multiannual.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Al'fiya Akmalova

The actual problems of municipal law in Russia are considered taking into account the peculiarities of master's degree training at the university, which provides for both the presence of a system of students with certain knowledge in the field of jurisprudence, including the main institutions of municipal law, and their significant focus on research work. Special attention is paid to the consideration of the main amendments and additions to the current legislation on local self-government, discussions that accompany the improvement of legislation and law enforcement practice. The electronic educational and methodological appendix to the textbook includes an approximate work program and educational and methodological materials for independent work on the study of the discipline, as well as lectures and presentations. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of educational institutions of higher education studying in the field of training 40.04.01 "Jurisprudence", as well as for graduate students, students of the system of additional professional education and teachers, all those who are interested in the problems of the development of municipal law, the theory of local self-government and the practice of state and municipal management.


2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
L. Migranova ◽  
M. Toksanbaeva

The Object of the Study. Human potential.The Subject of the Study. The level and dynamics of development of the human potential of the population of the RF subjects. The Purpose of the Study. Identifying differences in development of the human potential of the population of the RF subjects and opportunities for their reduction.The Main Provisions of the Article. Human potential and its development are considered article both as the purpose and the means of human progress reflecting extension of human opportunities including creative (resource) capabilities. Theoretical and instrumental interpretation of the main components of human potential based on its reproductive structure is analysed. The components include a demographic component, components of population health and education, and a sociocultural component. For estimation of human potential indicators for each of its component, as well as a methodology for both component-by-component and composite (aggregate of all components) calculations using the index method are proposed. The methodology is applied to all RF subjects using the Rosstat data for 2010 and 2015. On the basis of the obtained estimates the authors have identified the levels of human potential development in regions that enabling to range them by this level and analyze the direction of its changes in dynamics. Components have been found out a weak and strong impact on the composite estimates as well as specifics of this impact by groups of regions. It has been established that demographic and health components leave much to be desired, particularly in northern regions characterized by harsh natural climatic conditions of life in particular.In North Caucasus regions the problem of raising educational level of population has not lost its relevance. It is shown that despite the general growth in the level of human potential development in most subjects of the Russian Federation over the period in question it remains insufficient for implementing modernization processes in some regions.


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