Partial substitution of mineral fertilizers by foliar preparations for perennial grasses on gray forest soil in the Middle Volga region

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
М. Хисматуллин ◽  
М. Хисматуллин ◽  
Ф. Сафиоллин
Keyword(s):  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Annual Application

Исследование проводилось в 20142017 годах на опытном поле ФГБОУ ВО Казанский государственный аграрный университет. В сельском хозяйстве Российской Федерации в последние годы происходят позитивные изменения, связанные с переходом на ресурсосберегающие технологии возделывания культур. В кормопроизводстве в их основе лежит оптимизация системы удобрений, а также расширение посевных площадей и ассортимента многолетних трав. Например, результаты наших исследований показывают перспективность интродукции в сельскохозяйственное производство райграса многоукосного и его смесей с другими злаковыми многолетними травами. Наиболее выгодным приёмом ресурсосбережения в технологии возделывания многолетних трав с участием райграса многоукосного является ежегодное применение некорневых подкормок в виде современных комплексных питательных растворов, таких как Изагри NPK и Биокомпозит Коррект в объёме 6 л/га. Данные препараты стимулируют рост и развитие под и надземной массы растений, обеспечивая дополнительное получение от 0,65 до 1,17 т/га корм. ед., что превосходит вариант без удобрений на 3134. Важно отметить, что некорневая подкормка многолетних трав концентрированными питательными растворами позволяет заменить до 44 дорогостоящих гранулированных минеральных удобрений. The field experiment took place in 20142017 at the Kazan State Agrarian University. Agriculture of the Russian Federation experiences positive changes in the sphere of resourcesaving cultivation technologies. Forage production undergoes optimization of fertilization systems, increase in farmlands and variability of perennial grasses. This paper points out the potential of Italian ryegrass and its mixtures with other perennial gramineous in agriculture. Annual application of modern foliar preparations such as Izagri NPK and Biokompozit Korrekt (6 l ha1) was shown to be the most effective practice. These preparations stimulated growth and development of roots and tops, providing additional yield of 0.651.17 t ha1 of feed units and exceeding the nonfertilized control by 3134. Topdressing of perennial grasses with concentrated nutrient solutions could substitute up to 44 of expensive granular mineral fertilizers.

scholarly journals CALCULATING DOSES OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON CLOVER AND RYEGRASS FOREST-MEADOWS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
Марсель Хисматуллин ◽  
Marsel Khismatullin ◽  
Геннадий Миннуллин ◽  
Gennadiy Minnullin ◽  
Фаик Сафиоллин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Dry Substance

In accordance with the accepted norms for feeding cattle, absolutely dry substance of herbal food should contain 10-12% of digestible protein, 20-22% of fiber, 4-6% of fat, 6-8% of ash and 40-42% of nitrogen-free extractives with exchange energy of 14-16 MJ. Such high quality indicators are leguminous perennial grasses, cultivated on optimal backgrounds of mineral nutrition, which is also characteristic of clover meadow of Ranniy 2 variety. However, only due to the legumes of perennial grasses can not completely solve the problem of balancing the diet of feeding animals, since they differ extremely low content of sugars. Meanwhile, in the dry matter of ryegrass, the content of the sum of sugars reaches 20 percent or more. In this connection, this article deals with the cultivation of clover-ryegrass grass stands on the calculated background of mineral nutrition in order to increase the volume of production of energy-saturated feeds balanced by the sugar-protein ratio.

scholarly journals Fertilizers and biological products used for cultivation of perennial grasses on gray forest soils of the Middle Volga region

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00062
Author(s):  
Faik N. Safiollin ◽  
Salavat R. Suleymanov ◽  
Svetlana V. Sochneva ◽  
Nikolai V. Trofimov ◽  
Irina G. Malganova
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Middle Volga

In recent years, fertilizers and biological products are widely used for cultivating perennial grasses to form highly productive agrocenoses and reduce the cost of feed. The issues of the use of biologically active substances for pre-sowing seeds of perennial herbs in combination with leaf fertilizing are of great practical importance. In the soil and climatic conditions of the Middle Volga region, the pre-sowing seed treatment with Azotovite 2 kg/t in combination with leaf treatment with Flavobacterine 4 l/ha depending provided an additional yield of 2.5–4.8 t/ha of green mass with a content of 440–960 feed units. The effect of the above biological products is equivalent to the application of 70–88 kg/ha of mineral fertilizers and cost savings in the amount of 1.5–1.9 thousand rubles/ha.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF CALCULATING DOSES OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON ALFALFA-RYEGRASS MEADOWS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Марсель Хисматуллин ◽  
Marsel Khismatullin ◽  
Светлана Сочнева ◽  
Svetlana Sochneva ◽  
Николай Трофимов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Middle Volga

The simplest ecologically safe, energetically and economically advantageous direction for solving the problem of feed production is the expansion of the acreage of leguminous perennial grasses, since they are distinguished by high nutritional and digestibility. At the same time, it is impossible to solve the problem of balancing the ration of feeding animals only at the expense of alfalfa seedlings, clover meadow or goatskin, since in them the content of the sum of sugars does not exceed 4-6 percent. Meanwhile, in the dry matter of ryegrass of multi-hulled, the content of the sum of sugars reaches 20 percent or more. In this connection, this article deals with the cultivation of alfalfa-ryegrass stands on the calculated background of mineral nutrition in order to increase the production of energy-saturated feeds balanced by the sugar-protein ratio.

scholarly journals Scientific bases of the humus stabilization in ordinary chernozem in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Oleg Goryanin ◽  
Anatoly Chichkin ◽  
Baurzhan Dzhangabaev ◽  
Elena Shcherbinina
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Middle Volga Region

<p>The influence of long-term use of mineral and organic fertilizers, crop rotations, plant residues, soil treatment systems on humus content of common chernozems and stabilization of productivity of field crops in the arid conditions of the Middle Volga region is considered on the example of researches in the Samara area. The zone climate of field experiments is characterized as extremely continental. The sum of the active temperatures (above 10°C) is 2,800-3,000°C. The average annual rainfall is 454.1 mm with fluctuations over the years from 187.5 mm to 704.6 mm. At some years, precipitation does not happen within a month or more. Hydrothermal index in May-August is 0,7, the duration of the frost-free period is 149 days. If the humus content in the region is 4.35-4.52%, then, it is necessary to introduce 6.7-8.0 t/ha of manure per year to maintain the balance of the deficit. The introduction of biological methods for the conservation and reproduction of soil fertility (green fertilizers, perennial grasses, straw as fertilizer) reduces the loss of humus by 0.15-0.24 t/ha. This makes it possible to increase the payback of mineral fertilizers, which must be taken into account when developing fertility reproduction systems for soils. In the variants with minimal and differentiated cultivation of the soil during crop rotation in 30 years of the study, the loss of humus in the 0-30 cm layer decreased by 0.04 - 0.73% (43-789 kg per year with maximum values in the combination of direct seeding of spring crops with deep loosening for a number of crop rotations is 4.14%, significantly exceeding the control (by 0.54%). The decrease in soil fertility in the variants with constant plowing and minimal tillage contributed to an increase in the conjugation of productivity of crops with humus. Based on the research, in order to preserve the fertility of the soil of ordinary chernozem, it is necessary to use green fertilizer, leguminous perennial grasses. In the regional rotations of crop production, new generation technologies are recommended, the basis of which is differentiated tillage with the use of crushed straw as fertilizer.</p>

EFFECTIVENESS OF MINERAL FERTILIZER ACCORDING TO SOIL MOISTURE FOR PLANTING OF SPRING DURUM WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS FOREST-STEPPE OF MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Амиров ◽  
Marat Amirov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Main Factors

The paper presents the results of research on leached chernozem and gray forest soils on the effect of mineral fertilizers in combination with various indicators of soil moisture, watering. During all periods of its growth and development durum wheat is more demanding on the main factors than soft wheat, so its cultivation technology should be directed to the full realization of the potential of this crop.

scholarly journals Main directions of development of agro-technologies for production of spring wheat species for sustainable agriculture in the forest-steppe of the middle Volga region

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00071
Author(s):  
Marat Amirov ◽  
Farit Shaikhutdinov ◽  
Igor Serzhanov ◽  
Albina Serzhanova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Middle Volga

The article presents the results of research conducted in different soil and climatic conditions of the Middle Volga region on the influence of regulated factors, as well as environmental factors on the production process of plants of various types of spring wheat. The amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is enough to obtain yields within 12–13 tons of dry biomass or 6–7 tons of grain. Natural precipitation is able to provide 3.82–4.36 t of spring wheat grain from 1 ha, and 4.5–6.3 t/ha by the total influence of solar energy, heat and moisture supply. Natural level of soil fertility without application of organic and mineral fertilizers allows to receive about 2 tons of spring wheat grain from 1 ha. Application of nitrogen in the form of ammoniac water (N-20.5 %) increased the yield in comparison with the use of nitrogen in the form of ammoniac saltpeter: the increase was 0.14 t per 1 ha. In the conditions of grey forest soil in the Predkamye region of the Republic of Tatarstan the optimal norm of sowing of spring wheat Triticum dicoccum Schuebl (spelt) depending on the feeding background was established. Growth of yield at sowing of 6 million seeds per hectare at all levels of nutrition in comparison with sowing rate of 4 million tons per hectare was 0.18 tons per hectare against the natural background, against the estimated background of NRC on 2.0 tons of grain – 0.19 tons and 2.5 tons of grain – 0.24 tons per hectare. The maximum yield increase was received at a combination of a mineral foodstuff with an optimum norm of sowing and has made on a settlement background 2 tons of grain from hectare – 0.20 tons, on 2.5 tons of grain – 0.34 tons from hectare. Thus, the aim of our research was to develop methods of growing high yielding quality grain of different types of wheat adapted to the conditions of forest-steppe in the Volga region.

scholarly journals Effective fertility in direct sowing of spring wheat in the middle Volga region

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Oleg Ivanovich Goryanin ◽  
Alexey Vasilyevich Vasin ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Shcherbinina ◽  
Baurzhan Zhunuzovich Dzhangabaev ◽  
Lilia Vladimirovna Pronovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Direct Sowing

It is given the impact of direct sowing technologies with different levels of intensity of arable land use, in comparison with the traditional tillage, on the elements of fertility of ordinary chernozem and productivity of spring durum wheat in the middle Volga region. The complex application of direct sowing technology using straw as fertilizer stabilizes with traditional technology the supply of soil with nitrogen, increases the content of mobile forms of phosphorus in it by 1.5-21.2%, potassium exchange – by 10.4-18.3%.   Improving the nitrogen regime of the soil in direct sowing, in which the starting doses of nitrogen fertilizers were combined with integrated plant protection, provided the highest grain yield – 1.76-1.79 t/ha, which is 0.41-0.44 t/ha (30.4-32.6 %) higher than the control. The increase in yield from the use of biological products was 0.15 t / ha (11.9 %), nitrogen fertilizers N30 – 0.17 t/ha (13.4 %), the combined use of fertilizers and insecticides 0.50-0.53 t/ha (39.7-42.0 %). The highest cost recovery was after direct sowing with a maximum level of intensification-1.98-2.02 rubles/ha, which is 0.14-0.32 rubles/ha higher than the other options. The smallest economic indicators obtained in the control to 1.54 rubles/ha. According to the results of research with direct seeding of spring durum wheat in the region is proposed on the background of integrated plant protection application of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers on yield of 2.0 t/ha (pre-sowing, local-band application).

scholarly journals Assessment of agricultural practices of winter wheat cultivation in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Elena Viktorovna Kuzina
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Middle Volga

The article considers the results of observation of the growth, development and formation of winter wheat grain yield depending on the methods of basic soil treatment, applied fertilizers and biofungicide  Phytotrix. It was found out that the options with shallow and surface treatment were not inferior to the control in terms of yield (plowing by 20-22cm). Mineral fertilizers in a dose of N30P30K30 provided an increase in the productivity of winter wheat relative to the non-fertilized background by an average of 0.54 t / ha. Treatment of plants with phytotrix increased grain production on a non-fertilized background by 0.33 t / ha, on the background of N30P30K30 by 0.76 t / ha. The maximum yield of winter wheat-5.03 t / ha was achieved with the use of combing on the background of N30P30K30 + Phytotrix. The greatest responsiveness in collecting grain from fertilizers was observed in the variants of comb-back processing and surface disking, where the increase was 0.68-0.89 t / ha against the background of N30P30K30 application, and 1.05 t/ha against the background of N30P30K30 + Phytotrix relative to the natural background of the corresponding treatments.Apply mineral fertilizers in a dose of N30P30K30, with the application of biofungicide treatment on the vegetation of the crop, which will increase the yield by 0.76 t / ha, compared to the non-fertilized background.

scholarly journals Evaluation of grass mixtures of a lawn type in the conditions of forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 706-714
Author(s):  
O. A. Timoshkin ◽  
O. Yu. Timoshkina ◽  
E. V. Timoshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Projective Cover ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga

In 2019-2020, the quality of lawn-type grass mixtures based on creeping clover (Trifolium repens L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis), pasture ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and meadow bluegrass (Poa pratensis) was evaluated in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region (Penza region). The studied factors are the composition of the mixtures (creeping clover + bluegrass component), the seeding rates of the components (40 + 70 %; 55 + 55 %; 70 + 40 %) and the background of mineral nutrition (without fertilizers, P45K45, N30P45K45). The growing season during the years of research was characterized by arid conditions, the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) for the period May-September in 2019 was 0.79, in 2020 - 0.76. On average, over two years of grass mixtures of creeping clover with meadow bluegrass at a seeding rate of 40 + 70 % and 70 + 40 % (from the seeding rate in pure form), creeping clover with meadow fescue with a seeding rate of 70 + 40 % components at all doses of mineral fertilizers had the highest comprehensive assessment of the quality of the lawn. The grass mixtures of creeping clover with meadow bluegrass (70 + 40 %) and creeping clover with meadow fescue (70 + 40 %) against the background of application of N30P45K45 had the maximum indicators in terms of herbage density (1425 and 1475 pcs/m2), which significantly exceeded the control and the variant with the introduction of Р45К45. In these variants, the highest indicators of projective cover (97.5 %) and a comprehensive assessment of "excellent" and "highest quality". According to weediness, the crops were estimated at 1 point (slightly weedy), per 1 m2 of annual and biennial weeds there were 24-27 pcs., rhizome weeds - less than 10 pcs. per 1 m2, the area of weed projective cover did not exceed 5 %.

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