Problems of application of numerical simulations for fire risks assessment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
К.Ю. Литвинцев ◽  
Е.С. Кирик ◽  
Е.А. Ягодка
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Safety Training ◽  
Training System ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Risks Assessment

В России оценка пожарной опасности с использованием численного моделирования развития пожара и эвакуации проводится согласно Методике определения расчетных величин пожарного риска, изданной МЧС России в 2009 г. С 2010 г. началась сотрудничество ИТ СО РАН и ИВМ СО РАН по разработке программы Сигма ПБ, позволяющей моделировать распространение опасных факторов пожара и эвакуацию людей из зданий. В ходе разработки программы и накопления опыта ее использования, наблюдения за практикой реализации других программ, а также в результате анализа разработанной методики и другой методической литературы обозначились проблемы, вызванные низким уровнем нормативной документации, регламентирующей использование наукоемких расчетных методов, и отсутствием системы подготовки специалистов для проведения и проверки таких расчетов. В статье раскрыты некоторые аспекты проблем, связанные именно с применением численного моделирования развития пожара и эвакуации. In Russia, a fire hazard assessment using numerical modelling of fire and evacuation development is carried out according to the Methodology for determining fire risk calculated values issued by the EMERCOM of Russia in 2009. The Krasnoyarsk Branch of IT SB RAS and ICM SB RAS have developed a software tool to simulate the spread of dangerous fire factors and the evacuation of people in buildings. The result of this work is the Sigma PB software package. Sigma PB is adapted to calculate fire risk and to implement fire safety training programs (simulators). The development of the software, many years of experience and observation of other software packages combined with the analysis of the Fire Code and methodical literature developed by the EMERCOM of Russia, allow us drawing the following conclusions: there were problems associated with the low level of regulatory documentation governing the use of knowledgeintensive calculation methods, and the lack of a training system for specialists to conduct and verify such calculations. The article reveals some aspects of the problem, namely the use of numerical modelling of the development of fire and evacuation.

scholarly journals INTEGRATED GIS SYSTEM FOR POST-FIRE HAZARD ASSESSMENTS WITH REMOTE SENSING

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-3/W1-2020 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
V. Barrile ◽  
G. Bilotta ◽  
A. Fotia ◽  
E. Bernardo
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Burnt Areas ◽  
Climate Crisis

Abstract. Fires continue to devour hundreds of thousands of hectares of forest even in 2020, generating gigantic damage to the ecosystem, if we think that we are in the midst of a climate crisis caused precisely by CO2 emissions into the atmosphere by man, due to burning of fossil fuels. The action to safeguard the territory and the fight against its progressive environmental degradation focus a great attention towards forest fires, also considering the enormous environmental damage that these have caused to important and very large areas of the globe. The aim of the contribution that we here propose is the design and implementation of a software tool that performs predictive functions of triggering possible forest fires, thanks to the integration and manipulation of data from different sources and processed by predictive mathematical models, to support decisions; the comparison of techniques for the processing of high-resolution remote sensing data from optical satellites for the best automatic discrimination of the areas covered by fire plays a fundamental role in the analysis. This allows managing the burnt areas also considering subsequent fire risks, and the integration of the techniques developed in a GIS in order to obtain an accurate perimeter and a fire risk map prevision.

Functions of responsible for training in digital systems for industrial safety

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
E.V. Khalin
Keyword(s):  
Safety Training ◽  
Training System ◽  
Digital Systems ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Production Safety ◽  
Digital Production ◽  
Effective Training

The functional capabilities provided by the digital production safety training system for those responsible for training allow the software complex to be maintained in a stable operational state when exposed to emergency situations, to fulfill all the necessary needs of responsible users with the authority to create effective training programs and to test the knowledge of workers on production safety, to quickly form up-to-date digital reporting documentation for the organization.

ON THE CONDUCTOR TRAINING SYSTEM IN CHINA (methodological observations)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Chen Xize ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Program ◽  
Musical Theater ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Training System ◽  
Orchestral Music ◽  
Symphony Orchestras ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Conductor Training ◽  
Intensive Development

The article, which has a historical and methodological orientation, focuses on issues that are indicative both for the development of orchestral music in China and for the training of students in conducting. This work reveals the typology of expressive possibilities of mono-timbre and poly-timbre folk orchestras, as well as certain provisions concerning the mutual influence of folk instrument orchestras and symphony ensembles. The conductor's curriculum adopted at The Central Conservatory of China is presented and its specific features are reviewed. It is noted that due to the intensive development of symphony orchestras and symphonic genres, as well as compositions for musical theater, the process of training conductors and composers in conservatories and music faculties of universities in China is being improved. The cumulative world pedagogical experience was selected to develop the conductor training programs in Chinese conservatories, taking into account the positions most important for national pedagogical adaptation. The educational program for conducting was created in China considering the practice of the Saint Petersburg and Moscow conservatories.

scholarly journals Assessment of Training Effectiveness Adjusted for Learning (ATEAL) Part II: Practical Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Thomas Samuel ◽  
Razia Azen ◽  
Naira Campbell-Kyureghyan
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Safety Training ◽  
Training Effectiveness ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Training Impact ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Negative Training

Safety training programs are a popular method, in industry globally, to increase awareness of risks to employees and employers and plays a critical part in reducing safety incidents. The most frequently used method to assess the effectiveness of the training is to have the participants answer Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) and True/False (T/F) questions after the training. The metrics used to report the outcome of the assessments have drawbacks that make it difficult for the trainer and organization to easily identify the concepts that need more focus and those that do not. The goal of this research study is to compare how the methods used to measure training effectiveness of concepts in Level 2 post training assessment differ in how they assess training effectiveness using actual training results. Pre- and Post-training assessments were administered to the participants in 3 different utility industries and were analyzed for training effectiveness using the traditional metrics as well as using ATEAL method. The results were then compared and detailed recommendations of the best and least learned concepts by industry are presented based on these comparative analyses. The ATEAL method is further used to quantify the opportunities for improvement in the training programs based on the participant prior knowledge and any negative training impact observed. Results of the comparison of the various methods show that the proposed ATEAL method provides a quick, accurate and easy way to assesses the effectiveness of the training of concepts and the method identified that for 40% of the concepts trained a higher percentage of participants exhibited more prior knowledge than positive learning and for 6% of the concepts a higher percentage exhibited negative training. These results also provide a directional guide on the improvements that can be made to improve the training effectiveness of the programs. Additionally, it also shows that the ATEAL method can be used in any learning environment where there is a pre-/post-test evaluation of the change and is not limited in application to MCQ and T/F questions.

scholarly journals SOCIALIZATION OF FIRE MITIGATION IN DENSELY POPULATED AREA AT JATI SAMPURNA, BEKASI

ICCD ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 616-617
Author(s):  
Anjas Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Hazard Mitigation ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Populated Area ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Fire Victims ◽  
Fire Mitigation ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
The City

During the first quarter of 2019, from January to March 2019 there were 45 fire incidents in the city of Bekasi with losses ranging from Rp. 2,365,000,000 (based on data from the Bekasi City fire dept Service). From 45 events in the city of Bekasi, 3 of them occurred in Jatisampurna sub-district. Based on the type of object 45 events 15 of which are residential houses.With the data above, it can be said that the risk of fire can cause material and immaterial losses and can also cause trauma to fire victims. The importance of knowledge and information on fire hazard mitigation and how mitigation measures against fire hazards need to be conveyed to people who live in densely populated areas where the risk of fire is quite large. Laws or regulations on fire are not yet widely owned by most regions, so there are no special rules that can be covered in relation to fire risk.

Fire Risk Assessment of Fire Retardant Polyurethane Thermal Insulation Materials for Exterior Walls of Buildings Based on Analytical Hierarchy Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 785-786 ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
Li Jun Li ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Ze Jiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Rigid Foam ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Different flame retardant contents of polyurethane rigid foam (PRF) were prepared in this paper. Combustion performances of PRF were tested by cone calorimeter (CONE). Fire risk of PRF was evaluated based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The evaluation results were compared with the traditional LOI results. It was found that the evaluation method based on AHP combined with CONE test results for evaluating fire hazard of thermal insulation material for exterior walls of buildings is more accurate and objective compared with the method of the traditional LOI.

Residential fire risk assessment and management

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 128-141
Author(s):  
A. A. Tanygina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Hazard Levels

Introduction. The article analyzes statistical data for the period of 2006-2018 and presents an assessment of fire hazard levels in residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which were determined on the basis of an integral socio-economic indicator of fire risk. It also considers the problems of assessing fire hazard in the residential sector as in a complex social and economic systems. The purpose of the study is to determine the levels of fire hazard and build a model for managing fire risks in residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Research methods. To solve the research problems, the methods of system analysis, statistical analysis, mathematical statistics, etc. were used. Research results. A number of statistical dependencies of the fire situation in the Russian Federation have been analyzed and obtained. The indicators with the most fire hazardous level in the residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation were determined by calculation. A block diagram of a model for managing fire risks in the residential sector using the integral socio-economic indicator of fire risk (ISEPPR) is built. Conclusion. The values of the fire hazard levels obtained in the work and the model of fire risk management in residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation make it possible to improve management decisions in the field of supervisory activities and preventive work of the Federal State Fire Supervision Authorities. Keywords: residential sector, integral socio-economic indicator of fire risk, risk assessment, level of fire hazard

Methodology for assigning objects of protection to a certain risk category in the field of fire safety

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Денис Валерьевич Зобков ◽  
Александр Алексеевич Порошин ◽  
Андрей Александрович Кондашов ◽  
Евгений Васильевич Бобринев ◽  
Елена Юрьевна Удавцова
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Risk Categories

Проанализирован международный опыт реформирования проверок соблюдения требований пожарной безопасности и внедрения риск-ориентированного подхода. Разработана модель отнесения объектов защиты к категориям риска в зависимости от вероятного причинения вреда, который рассчитывается исходя из количества погибших и травмированных при пожарах людей. Сформулированы критерии отнесения объектов защиты к категориям риска. Выполнен расчет категорий риска для групп объектов, однородных по группам экономической деятельности и классам функциональной пожарной опасности. Проведено сравнение с существующей классификацией объектов защиты по категориям риска. The international experience of reforming of fire safety compliance checks and implementing a risk-based approach is considered. There are presented methodological approaches to calculating the risk of causing harm (damage) in buildings (structures) as a result of fire for the purpose of assignment of buildings and structures according to risk categories as well as justification of the frequency of scheduled inspections at these facilities. There is calculated the probability of fire occurrence for a group of objects of protection that are homogeneous by type of economic activity and functional fire hazard classes in order to assign objects of protection to certain risk categories. The social damage expressed in the death and injury of people as a result of fire is also calculated in order to assign objects of protection to certain risk categories. Classification of objects of protection according to the risk categories is performed using the indicator of the severity of potential negative consequences of fires. This indicator characterizes the degree of excess of the expected risk of negative consequences of fires for the corresponding group of objects of protection in relation to the value of the permissible risk of negative consequences of fire. The permissible risk of negative consequences of fires is calculated on the basis of statistical data, taking into account the value of the individual fire risk of exposure of critical values of fire hazards on person in buildings and structures. The criteria for assigning groups of objects of protection to the appropriate risk categories are formulated on the basis of formation of distribution of numerical values of the severity of potential negative consequences of fires. There are carried out the assessment of the severity of potential negative consequences of fires for objects of protection that are homogeneous by type of economic activity and functional fire hazard classes, and also the risk categories of the corresponding groups of objects are determined. The proposed classification of objects of protection according to risk categories is compared with the existing classification. The obtained results of calculations showed that scheduled inspections of objects of protection by the Federal state supervision bodies, depending on the assigned risk category and with corresponding frequency, have significant role in improving the level of fire safety of objects. The decrease in the intensity of scheduled inspections, at the same time, may lead to a corresponding decrease in the level of fire protection of objects.

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