scholarly journals Fonó és Kisgyalán községek gazdasági épületeiben alkalmazott tartástechnológiai eljárások változása a 20. század második felében

2014 ◽  
pp. 257-266
Author(s):  
Gabriella Lanszkiné Széles
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Joint Management ◽  
Breeding Technology ◽  
Economic Necessity

The aim of this study was to compare agricultural buildings and their economic role in two neighbouring villages of Outer-somogy; Fonó and kisgyalán. i analyzed how the function of these buildings altered within the branches of ani-mal husbandry, during joint management and after the change of regime. breeding technology employed in barns, feed stor-age strategies in sheds, corn-cribs and attics were also de-scribed based on reminiscences. The changes in economic conditions facilitated building economic-necessity structures in some cases. in addition, the effects of changing attitude of peasants due to lifestyle modification were also highlighted based on examples such as sleeping in the barn.

The First Half-Century of Australian Wage Policy—Part II

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Full Employment ◽  
Wage Structure ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Economic Climate ◽  
Wage Increases ◽  
Evaluation Of Policies

The Commonwealth Court began with little conception of an economic role for itself but the Piddington Commission, the economic stringencies of the 1920s and the Depression of the 1930s forced it to recognise that role. During the 1940s the wages policy of the Court became confused because of the change in membership of the Court, the changed economic climate in which it functioned. Also, until 1950, the Court had not defined for itself the implica tions that wage increases had on a full-employment economy. After 1950 there was a single-minded commitment to avoiding inflation which over-simplified the economic consequences of wages policy and, so uncomfortably did the economic role sit on the shoulders of the Court, that this role was often denied to exist. The conclusion is that the Court developed a capacity for absorbing economic ideas and analysing the condition of the economy but the evaluation of policies for relativities lagged behind the development of policies for relating labour costs to economic conditions: a comprehensive wage policy includes a specific role for wage structure but the Court failed to develop it.

scholarly journals Perempuan−Perempuan di Industri Gula Surakarta Abad XIX−XX

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Pratika Rizki Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Blue Collar Workers ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Small Market ◽  
Economic Necessity ◽  
Domestic Affairs

The role of adult women in Javanese society had closely been associated by public view to domestic affairs. Yet, this view slightly changed in the late nineteenth century. Adult women played a crucial economic role in the job market of the sugar industry in the Surakarta Regency in Central Java, which reached its peak at the turn of the twentieth century. This article shows that many adult women in Surakarta were involved in the blooming sugar industry in Surakarta between 1890s and 1930s because of economic necessity: they served as breadwinners to their families. These women participated either directly by becoming blue collar workers at the sugar industry, or indirectly by selling daily goods taking advantage of the small market thus created by the blossoming of the sugar factory. However, the 1929 Great Depression devastated this business and left the women workers jobless and in poverty. As a result, many of them returned fully the domestic role.

scholarly journals Economic conditions for the development of world educational systems in the context of globalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (99) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
O. V. Ponomarenko ◽  
◽  
K. M. Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Cost Of Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Social Product ◽  
Intellectual Potential

The role of education as a socio-economic variable of the country in the context of globalization is constantly growing. Its multidimensionality is the subject to the functions implemented in the relations between society and the economy. The social, cultural, spiritual and educational function of education is a significant and indisputable subject of study in the relevant sciences. The recognition of the economic role of education, the development of estimates its effectiveness and the direction of its growth is a problem which solution depends on whether the striking discrepancy between the productivity of education and the expectations of the economy regarding its importance will be canceled. Obviously, the economic role of education is realized, first of all, in relation to its economic growth. As the development of intellectual potential is a product of the education system that develops new knowledge, provides innovative and technological improvement of production and its embodiment in an increase in the social product, which stimulates economic growth. The aim of this paper is a scientific and experimental review of the economic conditions for the development of world educational systems in the context of globalization. The main background to the development of education is the proper investment in it. Typically for European countries is the fact that most expenditures on education is in the form of government consumption, although it is the consumers who actually spend the most. However, measuring costs only in this way significantly underestimates them, since a more subtle form of costs is completely missed: the opportunity cost of lost wages, since some students are not able to be involved in employment during their studies. It is estimated that the total cost, including the alternative cost of education, are twice the direct costs.

scholarly journals Age of Marriage, Weather Shocks, and the Direction of Marriage Payments

Econometrica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 879-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Corno ◽  
Nicole Hildebrandt ◽  
Alessandra Voena
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Marriage Market ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Weather Shocks ◽  
Marriage Behavior ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Age Of Marriage

We study how aggregate economic conditions affect the timing of marriage, and particularly child marriage, in Sub‐Saharan Africa and in India. In both regions, substantial monetary or in‐kind transfers occur with marriage: bride price across Sub‐Saharan Africa and dowry in India. In a simple equilibrium model of the marriage market in which parents choose when their children marry, income shocks affect the age of marriage because marriage payments are a source of consumption smoothing, particularly for a woman's family. As predicted by our model, we show that droughts, which reduce annual crop yields by 10 to 15% and aggregate income by 4 to 5%, have opposite effects on the marriage behavior of a sample of 400,000 women in the two regions: in Sub‐Saharan Africa they increase the annual hazard into child marriage by 3%, while in India droughts reduce such a hazard by 4%. Changes in the age of marriage due to droughts are associated with changes in fertility, especially in Sub‐Saharan Africa, and with declines in observed marriage payments. Our results indicate that the age of marriage responds to short‐term changes in aggregate economic conditions and that marriage payments determine the sign of this response. This suggests that, in order to design successful policies to combat child marriage and improve investments in daughters' human capital, it is crucial to understand the economic role of marriage market institutions.

scholarly journals ADMINISTRATIVE, CULTURAL, URBAN AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN JERUSALEM IN THE EARLY ABBASID PERIOD (132-247 AH/749-861 AD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-43
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Development ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Political Center ◽  
History Of ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Umayyad Caliphate ◽  
The City

This article sheds light on the history of the city of Jerusalem during the early Abbasid period (132-247 AH/749-861 AD), after the city had reached the most advanced stages of architectural and cultural development in the Umayyad period, based on it being a religious and political center competing with the Two Holy Mosques in the Hijaz. After the fall of the Umayyad Caliphate, the political role of the city of Jerusalem lessened, once the center of the caliphate moved to Baghdad, despite the continued care of the Abbasid caliphs for the city, especially regarding restorations of the holy sites, after the natural disasters that afflicted the city. The study also sheds light on the cultural and economic role of the city during the period.

scholarly journals Investigation of the reliability of the IPS of South in connection with the acquisition of new concentrated loads (part 2)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
V. A. Nepomnyashchiy
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Reliability Level ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Economic Necessity ◽  
Basic Network ◽  
Further Development

In part 2 of the paper, technical and economic necessity is substantiated of commissioning of the second circuit of 500 kV “Rostov NPP-Shakhty” (without extending the same to substation 500 kV Rostovskaya) and construction of OHPL 500 kV from substation Rostovskaya to substation Taman. This will enable to increase the supply of power to the Crimean “energy bridge” to transmit the same to the Crimean energy system up to 800–850 MW and to raise the probability of failsafe operation of the basic network to 0.986, i.e., reduce the time of emergency conditions of basic networks to 130 hrs/year, improving the reliability level of the network, which existed before the connection of the Crimean energy system.Further social and economic development of tourist and resort areas of Krasnodar Territory and Crimea can ensure, with proper stimulating economic conditions, a growth of power consumption and loads of Krasnodar Territory and Crimea with a factor of 1.5–2, particularly in summer. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the technical and economic feasibility of two options of construction in Krasnodar Territory or in Crimea of a new power plant with a capacity of up to 1000 MW and reconstruction of the Crimean energy bridge for transmission of direct current. This will double the throughput of the “energy bridge” to the capacity of nearly 2 million kW, which, combined with further development of power-generating facilities of the Crimean energy system, will enable to supply the Trans-Dniester and the Bug areas with electric energy, if necessary.In case of switching the Crimean “energy bridge” to direct current, with a capacity of up to 2 mln kW to be transmitted through this bridge, it will be necessary to strengthen electric links, with these to be switched to the voltage 500 kV between substation Kafa (the point of connection of the “energy bridge” to the Crimean energy system), Simferopol and Sevastopol.This matter is supposed to be considered in subsequent studies of reliability of power supply of Crimea.

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