TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTION FOR MODIFICATION OF THE DESIGN OF HEATING DEVICES FOR FOOD PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.А. ЕРМОШИН ◽  
Э.Ф. АБДУРАХМАНОВ ◽  
А.Н. БРАГИН
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Technological Solution ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Gaseous Fuels

Предложено технологическое решение для тепловых аппаратов пищевых производств, обеспечивающее снижение расхода энергоресурсов за счет автоматического регулирования температуры пламени, а также возможность функционирования на жидком и газообразном топливе без замены теплогенерирующего устройства. За счет конструктивных изменений устройства розжига и автоматизации подачи топлива в зависимости от его вида и требуемой температуры разогрева теплового блока возможна эксплуатация теплового аппарата в условиях низких температур окружающей среды. Модификация теплового блока обеспечивает возможность автоматического перехода работы теплового аппарата от топлива с низкой температурой воспламенения к топливу с более высокой. Предлагаемые изменения конструкции теплогенерирующего устройства позволяют расширить возможность управления температурой пламени с учетом температуры окружающей среды. Проведены теоретические и экспериментальные исследования работы тепловых аппаратов. Выявлено, что эффективность использования энергии от сгорания жидкого и газообразного топлива при разной концентрации углеводородного состава может быть обеспечена за счет использования термокапиллярного эффекта. Применение разработанного технического устройства автоматизации процессов подачи топлива и терморегулирования при работе теплогенерирующих элементов в конструкции тепловых блоков позволяет получить экономический эффект при сжигании жидкого топлива и повысить эффективность использования энергии от сгорания жидкого и газообразного топлива при разной концентрации углеводородного состава. A technological solution for heating devices of food production, which provides a reduction in energy consumption due to automatic control of the flame temperature, as well as the possibility of functioning on liquid and gaseous fuels without replacing the heat generating device, is proposed. Due to the design changes of the ignition device and automation of fuel supply, depending on its type and the required heating temperature of the thermal unit, the operation of the heating device in low ambient temperatures is possible. The modification of the heat block makes it possible to automatically switch the operation of the heat apparatus from fuel with a low ignition temperature to fuel with a higher one. The proposed changes in the design of the heat generating device make it possible to expand the possibility of controlling the flame temperature taking into account the ambient temperature. Theoretical and experimental studies of the operation of thermal devices have been carried out. It is revealed that the efficiency of using energy from the combustion of liquid and gaseous fuels at different concentrations of hydrocarbon composition can be ensured by using the thermocapillary effect. The application of the developed technical device for automating the processes of fuel supply and thermal regulation during the operation of heat-generating elements in the design of thermal blocks allows to obtain an economic effect when burning liquid fuel and increase the efficiency of using energy from the combustion of liquid and gaseous fuels at different concentrations of hydrocarbon composition.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF DUST AND TEMPERATURE ON THE EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
R.R. Vardanyan ◽  
N.K. Badalyan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Effect ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Viable System

At present, the use of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules plays an important role in the field of utilization of solar energy and transformation of this energy into electricity. The main characteristic of PV modules is the work efficiency. It strongly depends on external influences such as the degree of contamination on the glass surface and the operating temperature of the PV modules. Accumulation of dust particles on the surface of PV modules has a very negative effect on their efficiency. At high ambient temperatures, solar PV modules heat up, and the efficiency of modules is reduced. This problem is very substantial for the countries with high temperature conditions and dusty climate. In this paper, the influence of dust and temperature on the efficiency of solar PV modules is investigated. The new-type economically viable system for cleaning and cooling PV modules is used during the experiments. The conducted experimental studies under actual operating conditions during the rainiest period of the year in Yerevan, have shown that due to the cleaning of dust, the efficiency of PV modules is increasing on average by 6.7%. Due to rapid cooling by water in two minutes, the efficiency of PV modules is increased by 2.5%. To improve the operation efficiency, the PV modules must be cooled periodically, taking into consideration the quantity of the consumed water in order to get the maximal economic effect.

scholarly journals AI-Enabled Efficient and Safe Food Supply Chain

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1223
Author(s):  
Ilianna Kollia ◽  
Jack Stevenson ◽  
Stefanos Kollias
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Domain Adaptation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Food Retail ◽  
Expiry Date ◽  
Safe Food

This paper provides a review of an emerging field in the food processing sector, referring to efficient and safe food supply chains, ’from farm to fork’, as enabled by Artificial Intelligence (AI). The field is of great significance from economic, food safety and public health points of views. The paper focuses on effective food production, food maintenance energy management and food retail packaging labeling control, using recent advances in machine learning. Appropriate deep neural architectures are adopted and used for this purpose, including Fully Convolutional Networks, Long Short-Term Memories and Recurrent Neural Networks, Auto-Encoders and Attention mechanisms, Latent Variable extraction and clustering, as well as Domain Adaptation. Three experimental studies are presented, illustrating the ability of these AI methodologies to produce state-of-the-art performance in the whole food supply chain. In particular, these concern: (i) predicting plant growth and tomato yield in greenhouses, thus matching food production to market needs and reducing food waste or food unavailability; (ii) optimizing energy consumption across large networks of food retail refrigeration systems, through optimal selection of systems that can be shut-down and through prediction of the respective food de-freezing times, during peaks of power demand load; (iii) optical recognition and verification of food consumption expiry date in automatic inspection of retail packaged food, thus ensuring safety of food and people’s health.

Influence of deforming of common rail diesel injectors parts on the fuel injection process

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressures ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Fuel System ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Injection Cycle

Experimental studies have revealed a significant impact of deformation of Сommon Rail injector parts on the fuel supply process. High pressures alter the structure of the fuel supply cy-cle. Theforward front of the fuel supply cycle begins with the stage of unloading the deformed parts of the injector. The rear front of the fuel supply cycle ends with the stage of deformation of the injector parts. The calculated and experimental determination of cyclic fuel supply gave similar results. The developed method of determining the duration of the injection cycle stages creates a basis for experimental verification of mathematical models. Keywords: injector, Common Rail, diesel, fuel system, electronic control, needle, fuel injection

Application of preliminary low-temperature heating for cold forming of complex parts on cold former

2021 ◽  
pp. 396-399
Author(s):  
V.Yu. Lavrinenko ◽  
Yu.A. Lavrinenko ◽  
R.S. Fayruzov ◽  
A.S. Ayrapetyan ◽  
A.S. Kirsanov
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Cold Forging ◽  
Flow Curves ◽  
Cold Forming ◽  
40Kh13 Steel ◽  
Temperature Heating ◽  
Complex Parts

The results of experimental studies of flow curves of 32CrB4, 20G2R and 1.4034 (analogue of 40Kh13 steel) steels at different heating temperature of workpieces are presented. Rational intervals of preliminary lowtemperature heating of workpieces made of studied steels are obtained. It allows to decrease forces during cold forging, loads on the working tool and to increase of tool life time up to 2 times.

Device for Testing Pipe Billet

2020 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 1166-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyo Wai Aung ◽  
Maryin S. Borisovich
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Protective Atmosphere ◽  
Pipeline Systems

Experimental studies of the influence of the heating temperature on the properties of pipe billets made of titanium alloys OT4 and OT4-1 in the formation of parts for the installation of pipeline systems without a protective atmosphere are presented.

Experimental and Computational Determination of LBV of Hydrogen Enriched Methane Mixtures

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar Yadav ◽  
Ranjeet Singha ◽  
Abhishek Kumar Pandey ◽  
Saumya   ◽  
Ashish Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
Burning Velocity ◽  
Laminar Burning Velocity ◽  
Flammability Limits ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hydrogen Enrichment ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Set Up

One of the major causes of environmental pollution and ozone layer depletion is the emissions coming out of the combustion devices including industrial burners, automobile vehicles and household appliances. Most of the conventional fuels used now days have high GWP and ODP. So the greatest challenges among the combustion researchers and scientists are to develop some sustainable and non conventional sources of energy that possesses capability to replace the conventional ones. One of the important gaseous fuels in non conventional category is hydrogen, which is a cleaner fuel and reduces pollution enormously. In the present work, experimental & computational analysis of laminar burning velocity (LBV) of premixed gaseous fuels (primary focus on Hydrogen enrichment) was carried out. For experimental investigation the experimental set up available in Fuel and pollution lab of Indian Institute of Technology Delhi is used. Experiments were carried out on mixtures of methane- Air and Methane-Hydrogen-Air for wide range of equivalence ratios and compared with the computational results of PREMIX with full GRI-Mech 3.0 mechanism. Most of the experiments available in literature were carried out at 298 K. In the present work it has been tried to relate the effect of low temperatures on laminar burning velocity of mixtures. The experiments have been conducted at 1 bar pressure and around 292 Kelvin with equivalence ratio ranging from 0.8 to 1.2. Methane gas is enriched with hydrogen in varying proportions and the effect of hydrogen enrichment on its laminar burning velocity studied. The objective of the addition of hydrogen to methane was to increase its laminar burning velocity as well as to extend its lean flammability limits at lower ambient temperatures.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE HEATING TEMPERATURE OF THE GREENHOUSE RADIATOR INSTALLATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Kondrat'eva ◽  
Dmitriy Filatov ◽  
Pavel Terent'ev ◽  
Bulat Ziganshin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
Voltage Level ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Nominal Mode

The thermal regime of plants determines the temperature of the environment, the evaporation of moisture by plants, and the heating of plants by radiation from irradiation plants. Today, induction and LED greenhouse irradiators are promising for replacing irradiators with sodium lamps in terms of energy efficiency. Experimental studies were performed to assess the possibility of proximity of irradiators with induction lamps and LED irradiators to plants to increase their level of irradiation, in comparison with sodium radiation sources. When setting up the experiment, a complex was used, including a Fluke ti32 thermal imager, PHO-250-2-M linear autotransformer, 220V power supply, and a greenhouse irradiator. Processing of the measurement results was carried out in the Fluke SmartView 3.1 program. The heating temperature was determined when reaching the nominal mode, with the nominal mode of operation of the irradiators, with a change in the supply voltage level. Sodium and induction irradiators heat up to a maximum temperature 10 times faster than LED ones. The heating temperature of optical radiation sources with sodium lamps is 5 times higher than LED and 2.5 times higher than induction. A change in the supply voltage level affects the heating temperature of the sodium irradiator with electromagnetic ballasts, the heating temperature of sodium and induction irradiators with electronic ballasts, as well as LED irradiators, remains unchanged and equal to the nominal value at a supply voltage level of ± 10% of Unom.. Low heating temperatures of induction and LED irradiators can reduce the height of their suspension and bring them closer to plants, which will increase the irradiation of plants by increasing the level of illumination or reduce the power of irradiators, that is, increase the energy efficiency of irradiation systems

scholarly journals STUDY OF GRAIN DRYING IN THE AUTOMATED GRAIN DRYING UNIT

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
S. A. Pavlov ◽  
T. F. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Complex Object ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Grain Drying

Mine and column grain dryers are a fairly complex object of control in the production line. The process of grain drying is characterized  by a large number of parameters, quantitatively and qualitatively characterizing the dryer operation. First of all, this includes the criteria of maximum performance and minimum deviations of the moisture content of the dried grain from the standard values. These criteria, as studies show, are interconnected with each other: an increase in the performance П of the dryer leads to an increase in the moisture content of the grain coming out of it, and, conversely, an attempt to reduce the moisture content of grain causes the need to reduce the performance П. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to develop the expression for the transfer functions of the of grain flow control depending on perturbations of the initial moisture content and the maximum grain temperature, as well as to conduct experimental studies. (Materials and methods) The authors have developed simplified mathematical models of moisture perturbation compensation of grain coming in for drying and its heating temperature in a drying chamber by changing the dryer performance on the basis of theoretical-and-experimental studies. (Results and discussion). The authors  have obtained  expressions to control the process performance when the current humidity and temperature change through the dryer performance parameters as a function of grain moisture flow and heat used to grain heating up to an acceptable temperature. Farm tests of developed transition management functions have been implemented for dryer SZT-16 controlled by PLC S7-1200 Siemens and operating in an automatic mode. Tests have been conducted on the “Babachev” farm, Karachev district of the Bryansk region in the process of drying food wheat grain. (Conclusion) It has been confirmed that the dryer performance is determined not only by the rated capacity but also by the deviation of the current moisture content of grain from the specified values and by the ratio of the amount of heat used for evaporating and heating. The dryer performance at constant initial humidity is determined by its rated performance, the maximum specified difference of grain temperatures, as well as the ratio of the amounts of heat used for evaporating and heating.

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