scholarly journals The Al-Hakim saying in Mustadrak: “on the condition of the two sheikhs or one of them”: قول الحاكم في المستدرك: "على شرط الشيخين أو أحدهما"

Author(s):  
Abeer Adnan Khuda Bakhsh

The problem of the research lies in the difference of scholars on Murad al-Hakim in his saying: “On the condition of the two sheikhs or one of them.” Thus, the research aimed to study the attribution of (8) hadiths from Al-Mustadrak to Al-Saheehain, a critical and applied study, in order to reach the extent of the degree of the hadith and its men with al-Hakim statement on The condition of the two sheikhs or one of them, and the statement of the scholars ’statements on the degree and validity of the hadith, if any, and its compatibility with the ruling of al-Hakim, and reaching a final ruling on the degree of the hadith. The researcher followed the deductive, applied, critical approach by graduating the hadith, then translating the narrators from the books of wound and modification, mentioning the rulings of critics - ancient and contemporary - to the hadith as a basis and reflection, and mentioned the provisions of Al-Dhahabi and then discussing al-Hakim, and ended with the researcher’s weighting, according to the rules of the speakers. The research is from an introduction. The prelude to the definition of al-Hakim and his book, and two chapters; the first dealt with the conditions of the two sheikhs in their books and al-Hakim wanted al-Hakim them in three sections, while the second included: the practical study of the number of (8) hadiths, which al-Hakim judged them to be  on the condition of the two sheikhs or one of them, according to the one who is being held, in addition to Conclusion and indexes .. The results of the research showed that Murad al-Hakim said: “On the condition of the two sheikhs, or one of them,” in the course of it, it is divided into sections. The first of which are the hadiths that al-Hakim brought out with the foundations of Hajj Bukhari and Muslim with their narratives in their correct, or one of them, and here al-Hakim says about him: (Al-Bukhari or Muslim) “It is correct, and there is a second section. Hadiths that al-Hakim passes and ruled on health on the condition of the two sheikhs or one of them, while some of its narrators did not come out to them by the two sheikhs and neither of them protested, but rather they gave them to them - in evidence, follow-up and suspensions, so al-Hakim made a mistake in His ruling on these hadiths, and a third section; al-Hakim produces and corrects hadiths, and for Be not on the condition of the two sheikhs, nor one of them, then it becomes clear that the hadith is authentic according to what al-Hakim said - may God have mercy on him. According to the results, the researcher recommended that there is no absolute confidence in the hadith, as soon as al-Hakim is corrected, although most of what is correct is correct. Evil ... etc.).      

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-228
Author(s):  
G. Ferrari ◽  
G. Castagnetti ◽  
A. Dotti ◽  
G. Galizia ◽  
P. Ferrari ◽  
...  

Although superficial bladder cancer may be considered “benign”, it is still today a many-sided neoplasm with a prognosis that cannot be well-defined with known traditional parameters. Proliferation indices Ki67 and AgNOR associated with the expression of some oncogenes (p53, Rb, c-myc, BCL2, c-erbB-2) in relation to traditional parameters could help in the prognosis definition of individual patients. 111 patients with superficial bladder cancer were studied for this purpose, relating the grade, stage, follow-up and morphotype to the proliferation indices. Significant correlations were found with AgNOR, but only for grade with Ki67. The study of the oncoproteins and their different expression showed that those alterations typical of infiltration are already present in the superficial forms, with a significant correlation between oncogenic alterations and grade and stage of disease (p53, Rb) on the one hand, and above all of disease-free interval and progression (c-erbB-2) on the other. Lastly, assessment of the oncoproteins c-myc and BCL2, oncogenes connected with the programmed cell death mechanism (apoptosis), showed important correlations with the neoplastic progression of disease in relation to the p53 expression and proliferative activity.


2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (09) ◽  
pp. 894-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alun Yewlett ◽  
Ryan Trickett ◽  
Mark Forster ◽  
Adel Ghandour ◽  
Hannah Sellars

AbstractResection of Hoffa's fat pad during total knee arthroplasty is sometimes performed to improve access and view. Opponents of this technique argue that sacrificing the fat pad potentially compromises blood supply to the patellar tendon and it can subsequently shorten. Our objective was to identify any difference in the Insall-Salvati ratio of knees undergoing total knee arthroplasty between a cohort that had Hoffa's fat pad preserved and the one that had Hoffa's fat pad completely excised. The total knee arthroplasties by two surgeons at our institution were reviewed over a 3-year period. Surgeon A routinely preserves the fat pad and surgeon B routinely excises the fat pad. Radiographs preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at a minimum of 1-year follow up were analyzed for the Insall-Salvati ratio. A total of 161 knees were reviewed, 65 in the preserved group and 96 in the excised group with a mean age of 67 and 70 years, respectively. The mean preoperative Insall-Salvati ratio for the preserved group was 1.12 (±0.145) and excised group 1.16 (±0.168) (p = 0.094). The mean immediate postoperative Insall-Salvati ratio for the preserved group was 1.10 (±0.154) and for excised group 1.18 (±0.194). The difference in Insall-Salvati ratio from preoperative to the immediate postoperative period in the preserved group compared with the excised group demonstrated a significant difference (p = 0.010). However, the change of Insall-Salvati ratio at 1 year did not significantly differ between the groups (p = 0.059). There does not appear to be any difference in the Insall-Salvati ratios of both groups at 1 year's follow up; therefore, this study radiologically at least supports the use of either technique.


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Indra Muizniece ◽  
Anna Kubule ◽  
Lauma Zihare ◽  
Dagnija Blumberga

AbstractThis study is a follow-up to previous research on the use of a transdisciplinary approach in the analysis of factors that influence bioeconomy development and interactions between them. It is very important to consider the significance of public opinion while performing transdisciplinary research. This study integrates public opinion in the bibliometric analysis method by using grey data from information available in the public information space: mass media and social networks. The network of factors influencing the development of bioeconomy, created with the help of social network analysis method, was compared with the one obtained from bibliometric analysis of SCOPUS database in order to find out the difference between scientific tendencies and the overall atmosphere in the information space. Although the structure of these networks varies, there is a common tendency in literature to identify the following factors as the key factors in the development of the bioeconomy: research and innovations; technology; energy and energy consumption.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Nasreen Hamudi ◽  
Eitan Barnea ◽  
Evgeny Weinberg ◽  
Amir Laviv ◽  
Eitan Mijiritsky ◽  
...  

Objectives: Repeated abutment disconnection/reconnection may compromise the mucosal barrier and result in crestal bone level changes. The clinical significance of this phenomenon is not yet clear, as most studies on this topic are short-term. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of abutment disconnections and reconnections on peri-implant marginal bone loss over a medium-term follow-up period. Material and methods: Twenty-one patients (6 men and 15 women) with a mean age 66.23 ± 9.35 year at the time of implant placement were included. All patients who received two adjacent nonsubmerged implants were randomly assigned into one of the two groups: definitive multiunit abutments (DEFs) connected to the implant that were not removed (test group) or healing abutments (HEAs) placed at surgery, which were disconnected and reconnected 3–5 times during the prosthetic phase (control group). Peri-implant marginal bone levels (MBL) were measured through periapical X-rays images acquired immediately after the surgery (baseline), at 4–7 months immediately after prosthetic delivery, and at 1-year and 3-year follow-up visits. Results: No implant was lost or presented bone loss of more than 1.9 mm during the 3-year follow-up; thus, the survival and success rate was 100%. Peri-implant mucositis was noticed in 38.1% DEFs and 41.9% of HEAs at the 3-year follow-up assessment. At the end of 3 years, the MBL was −0.35 ± 0.69 mm for participants in the DEFs group and −0.57 ± 0.80 mm for the HEAs group, with significant statistical difference between groups. Conclusions: Immediate connection of the multiunit abutments reduced bone loss in comparison with 3–5 disconnections noted in the healing abutments 3 years after prosthetic delivery. However, the difference between the groups was minimal; thus, the clinical relevance of those results is doubtful.


1899 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 439-440
Author(s):  
Crum Brown

In vol. vi. of the Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (1890), pp. 16–36, Nernst demonstrates the relation between the osmotic pressure of a given solution of N in A and the difference of concentration of two solutions of A in B, the one made by shaking up B with A and the other by shaking up B with the solution of N in A; where A and B are two liquids miscible with each other, but not in all proportions, as, for instance, water and ether, and N a substance soluble in A but not in B. Immediately after this paper, Nernst describes (l.c., pp. 37–40) an osmotic experiment in which the “semipermeable membrane” is a layer of the liquid B held in its place by capillarity. Through this layer no N can pass, because N is insoluble in B, but A will pass from what we may call the A side, on account of the concentration gradient, the layer of B containing more A dissolved in it on the A side than on the solution side. At the same time a pressure is developed on the solution side equal to the osmotic pressure of the solution of N.So far as the diffusion of A through the layer of B from the A side to the solution side is concerned, Nernst's experiment can be shown without fixing the layer of B. In the form exhibited to the Society, A is water, B phenol, and N calcium nitrate.


2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Yа. Krupka

The place and value of reserves for future expenses and payments in the enterprise capital are defined in this paper. Possibilities and expediency of providing certain types of expenses at the expense of pre-created reserves are considered. The specified definition of reserves as a component of the enterprise capital which are considered as reserved at the expense of additional owners contributions , profit, prime cost of the source for coverage of the future predicted or unpredicted expenses connected with maintenance of usual activity, its restructuring, distribution of expenses by the principles of prudence and compliance. It is proved that these principles are unreasonably removed by the latest legislation from the basic principles of accounting and financial reporting. Classification of reserves, the order of their formation and directions of their use are given in this paper. Reserves are classified into separate groups according to the sources of their formation, the directions of use, the obligation to create, the method of reflection in accounting and reporting, their participation in the enterprise capital. Particular attention is paid to the need of taking into account the hidden reserves. Their value is equal to the difference between the book value of the enterprise's property and its fair value. The order of recognition, documentation and reflection of accrual and use of reserves and other provisions in the accounting is specified. The following rrecommendations are given, on the one hand, to expand and deepen information in financial and other kinds of enterprise reporting concerning reserves as a component of enterprise capital, on the other - to simplify the accounting of reserved sources by additional unregistered contributions of participants, founders. The order of distribution and reflection in the accounting of reserves at withdrawal of separate participants from the company is specified. Recommendations concerning the recognition of accumulated resources for future liabilities by insurance reserves and their reflection in the composition of the enterprise own composition, making it possible to improve the economic performance, investment attractiveness of such entities are given.


2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Burkhardt ◽  
Wilhelm Woessmann ◽  
Martin Zimmermann ◽  
Udo Kontny ◽  
Josef Vormoor ◽  
...  

Purpose In the Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma–Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (NHL-BFM) 95 trial, we tested, against the historical control of the combined trials NHL-BFM90 and NHL-BFM86, whether prophylactic cranial radiotherapy (PCRT) can be omitted for CNS-negative patients with stage III or IV lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) with sufficient early response. Patients and Methods Apart from the removal of PCRT in NHL-BFM95, the chemotherapy of the three trials was identical except for the amount of l-asparaginase and daunorubicin during induction. The therapy in NHL-BFM95 was accepted to be noninferior when compared with trials NHL-BFM90/86 if the lower limit of the one-sided 95% CI for the difference in the 2-year probability of event-free-survival (pEFS) between target patients of NHL-BFM95 and the historical controls of NHL-BFM90/86 did not exceed −14%. The target patient group consisted of stage III and IV patients who were CNS negative and responded well to induction therapy. Results The number of target patients was 156 in NHL-BFM95 (median age, 8.6 years; range, 0.2 to 19.5 years) and 163 in NHL-BFM90/86 (median age, 8.4 years; range, 0.6 to 16.6 years). For the target group, the pEFS rates at 2 and 5 years were 86% ± 3% and 82% ± 3%, respectively, in NHL-BFM95 (median follow-up time, 5.1 years; range, 2.1 to 9.1 years) compared with 91% ± 2% and 88% ± 3%, respectively in NHL-BFM90/86 (median follow-up time, 10.7 years; range, 5 to 15.4 years). The lower limit of the one-sided 95% CI for the difference in pEFS was −11% at 2 years and −13% at 5 years. In NHL-BFM95, one isolated and two combined CNS relapses occurred compared with one combined CNS relapse in NHL-BFM90/86. Five-year disease-free-survival rate was 88% ± 3% in NHL-BFM95 compared with 91% ± 2% in NHL-BFM90/86. Conclusion For CNS-negative patients with stage III or IV LBL and sufficient response to induction therapy, treatment without PCRT may be noninferior to treatment including PCRT.


2018 ◽  
pp. 115-135
Author(s):  
Luz María Puente Aba

The least visible of human trafficking is the one that is carried out for labour exploitation purposes. The aim here is to focus on two different needs: first, finding an accurate definition of forced labour, that encompass controversial questions, such as the meaning of clauses as “coercion” and “abuse of a position of vulnerability”, and the difference between human trafficking for the purpose of labour exploitation and forced labour; and second, identifying causes of human trafficking for labour exploitation. The article tries to put forward proposals regarding the best way of making these phenomena more visible and effectively combating them.


Author(s):  
Yousef Ahmed Yousef Al Huda - Hamza Bshri Jumaa Akbar

The problem of research was that the application of Islamic formulas would reduce the risk of financing and help the Islamic formulas in the optimal use of invested funds to make the projects successful and prevent the dealing with the profit that causes economic crises as well as their contribution to achieving economic, social and human development within the framework of legal standards. To the definition of the concept and variance in Islamic formulas and the difference between them and other forms of financing and the possibility to identify the application of Islamic financing formulas in accordance with the principles of Islamic law, and identify the forms of Islamic finance, which are important in providing accounting information For investors, the research followed the historical method to track the previous studies related to the subject of the study, the deductive approach to determine the dimensions of the research problem, the inductive approach to the selection of research hypotheses, the analytical descriptive approach to the case study and the research reached several results, including the existence of legitimate control in the application of Islamic formulas when granting funding leads to Reducing the risk of financing and familiarity with the provisions of credit transactions in Islamic Shari'ah limits the risk of financing. The use of Islamic formulas by the investors reduces the risks related to financing. The research recommends the following recommendations: Islamic financing formulas in banks and financial decision makers rely on the accounting information provided by Islamic formulas and the applicants must avoid funding provided by non-Islamic formulas, as this increases the risk of financing and helps spread the severity of economic crises and the need to develop the employment of Islamic formulas to keep up with development Which occurred in information technology.


Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 3722-3722
Author(s):  
John F. Seymour ◽  
Priyanka Gaitonde ◽  
Ugochinyere Emeribe ◽  
Ling Cai ◽  
Anthony R. Mato

Abstract Background: Acalabrutinib (Acala) is a next-generation, highly selective, covalent BTK inhibitor (BTKi) approved for the treatment of CLL. The phase 3 ASCEND study demonstrated significant progression-free survival (PFS) benefit with Acala vs investigator's choice of chemoimmunotherapy (bendamustine + rituximab [BR]) or pi3K inhibitor (idelalisib) + rituximab (IR) in R/R CLL patients (pts) (Ghia et al. J Clin Oncol. 2020). In ELEVATE-RR, Acala demonstrated non-inferior PFS vs a first-generation BTKi (ibrutinib [Ibr]) in R/R CLL pts with high-risk genomics (Byrd et al. J Clin Oncol. 2021). Acala was well tolerated in both trials. Quality-adjusted Time Without Symptoms and Toxicity (Q-TWiST) analysis balances risks (toxicity) and benefits (prolonged survival without symptoms of disease progression or adverse events [AEs]) of oncology treatments. We conducted a Q-TWiST analysis using data from these trials to assess risk-benefit of Acala vs comparators among R/R CLL pts. Methods: Patient survival time with 16 months (ASCEND) and 41 months (ELEVATE-RR) of median follow-up data were partitioned into 3 states: time with toxicity before disease progression (TOX); time without progression or toxicity (TWiST); and time from disease progression until death or end of follow-up (relapse [REL]). Toxicity was defined as grade 3/4 AEs and, for the comparison vs Ibr, an additional definition of toxicity included AEs of any grade with frequency ≥10% (AE ≥10%). Sensitivity analyses with toxicity defined as grade 2-4 AEs will be presented. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed for TOX, PFS, and overall survival (OS). For the TOX curve, event time for each pt was calculated by summing days with AEs (per toxicity definition) before disease progression, with no pt censored. Restricted means were calculated for the longest PFS time among treatment arms. Restricted mean TWiST duration was estimated using the difference between restricted means of PFS and TOX. Restricted mean REL duration was estimated using the difference between restricted means of OS and PFS. Q-TWiST was calculated by summing weighted restricted mean durations of TOX, TWiST, and REL. Utility of 1.0 for TWiST and 0.5 for TOX and REL (Gelber et al. Am Statistician. 1995) were applied. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using utility measures from trial data. Two-sided p<0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results: Among Acala vs IR/BR-treated pts, significantly longer duration of TWiST (mean diff, 3.58 months [95% CI, 2.42, 4.74]) and shorter duration of REL (mean diff, −2.51 months [95% CI, −3.50, −1.60]) and TOX (mean diff, −0.73 months [95% CI, −1.24, −0.24]) were found, indicating Acala vs IR/BR-treated pts had longer time without disease progression and toxicity and shorter time with toxicity. Q-TWiST was significantly different (1.96 months [95% CI, 1.13, 2.81]) between Acala (17.48 months) and IR/BR (15.52 months). In the Acala and Ibr comparison, differences in durations of TWiST and TOX varied based on the toxicity definition while the difference in REL durations remained consistent (mean diff, 0.37 months [95% CI, −1.82, 2.60]; p=0.33]). With the toxicity definition of AE ≥10%, Q-TWiST was significantly different (2.56 months [95% CI, 0.19, 4.83]) for Acala (33.02 months) vs Ibr (30.46 months). When toxicity was defined as grade 3/4 AEs, Q-TWiST had higher estimates for Acala but the difference was not statistically significant (1.28 months [95% CI, −1.34, 3.80]). In the sensitivity analysis, Q-TWiST gains were not statistically significant, most likely because the study was not designed to collect EQ-5D data post-treatment discontinuation. Conclusions: Q-TWiST analyses integrate efficacy, safety, and quality of life into a more appropriate measure useful for detailed benefit-risk assessment of cancer treatment. This analysis demonstrated that Acala treatment is significantly superior to IR/BR treatment. Quality-adjusted survival gains of Acala over Ibr varied by toxicity definition, but was numerically higher for Acala. Overall, Acala demonstrated a favorable benefit-risk profile vs different comparators in R/R CLL. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Seymour: Mei Pharma: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AstraZeneca: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; AbbVie: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Morphosys: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sunesis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Gaitonde: AstraZeneca: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company, Research Funding. Emeribe: AstraZeneca: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Cai: Celgene Corporation: Ended employment in the past 24 months; Google: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; AstraZeneca: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Mato: Johnson and Johnson: Consultancy, Research Funding; MSKCC: Current Employment; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy, Other: DSMB, Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genmab: Research Funding; Acerta/AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Research Funding; LOXO: Consultancy, Research Funding; Nurix: Research Funding; BeiGene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Sunesis: Consultancy, Research Funding; DTRM BioPharma: Consultancy, Research Funding; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Consultancy, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy.


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