scholarly journals Universal Nominations Samples in Main Languages

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Kulzhanova Bakytgul ◽  
Sagyndykuly Berikbay
Keyword(s):  
Broad Sense ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
World Languages ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In

Significant discoveries are made in Turkology in recent years. As a result, there is a great opportunity to explore in-depth of the history of the word. If to be exact, the most important things, the archetypes of consonant of Turkic languages (including world languages in its broad sense) are identified. Significant results are made due to the fact of clarification of original and archaic types of sounds. The importance of the restoration of archetype of consonants and vowels in retrospective direction or, on the contrary, the replacement of their synchronic variants that were formulated over time in perspective direction is the following: if etymology of any word is analyzed, it will be easier to explore its origin.

scholarly journals Turkisms in one of the early Russian translations of the 18th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-201
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Sokolov ◽  
◽  
Irina A. Malysheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
Italian Translation ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Made In

The article considers Turkic borrowings in the Russian language at the beginning of the 18th century. The material of the study was a translation of the 17th century treatise “The History of the Present State of the Ottoman Empire” written by the English diplomat Paul Ricaut and translated into a number of European languages. The Russian translation was done by P.A.Tolstoy from the Italian version in 1702–1714 and published as “The Turkish Monarchy” in 1741. The study presents the methods of phonetic (orthographic) and morphological adaptation of Turkisms by comparing a typographical manuscript for typesetting with edits (made in 1725) and the printed text. The article aims at comparing the usage of borrowings with their forms in the Italian version of the treatise and in the Polish translation since the latter, apparently, was used in the process of typographical editing of the Russian text. A number ofdistorted forms of Turkisms that appeared in the Russian “Monarchy” as a result of the mechanical transfer of typos from the Italian translation were revealed. It has been established that the translation of compound nouns identified in the Turkic languages as izafet constructions was mainly a copying of their forms from the Italian translation. Most of the Turkisms in “The Turkish Monarchy” are exoticisms, but likely relevant for the Russian reader of the 18th century. Hence, the principles of including exoticisms in the “Dictionary of the Russian Language of the 18th Century” require clarification because a number of Turkisms denoting confessional concepts in modern Russian are part of active vocabulary.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Sean Akerman
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Approaches ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In ◽  
Tibetan Exile

This chapter introduces the author’s fieldwork and the focus of the book: using narrative approaches to understand and represent exile. The chapter reviews the progress narrative work has made in the discipline of psychology and how it provides a useful approach to the study of exile for reasons that are theoretical, methodological, and rhetorical. The author sketches the history of the Tibetan exile and explains how it provides a useful site to investigate the issues that are at the heart of the book, including the transmission of stories, and traumas, over time. Finally, the author introduces the informants who feature significantly in the book.

scholarly journals Introduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-198
Author(s):  
Mirjam de Bruijn ◽  
Jonna Both
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Normal Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Structures ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In ◽  
As If

The enduring experience of hardship, in the form of layers of various crises, can become deeply ingrained in a society, and people can come to act and react under these conditions as if they lead a normal life. This process is explored through the analytical concept of duress, which contains three elements: enduring and accumulating layers of hardship over time, the normalization of this hardship, and a form of deeply constrained agency. We argue that decisions made in duress have a significant impact on the social and political structures of society. This concept of duress is used as a lens to understand the lives of individual people and societies in Central and West Africa that have a long history of ecological, political, and social conflicts and crises.

Observational studies on macroprolactin in a routine clinical laboratory

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1259-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian H. Barth ◽  
Carys M. Lippiatt ◽  
Stephen G. Gibbons ◽  
Robert A. Desborough
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Median Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Routine Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Subsequent Sample ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In

Abstract Background: It is now recommended that all samples with raised prolactin should be examined for the presence of macroprolactin. We performed a retrospective review of our experience of macroprolactin to determine the incidence and the natural history of macroprolactin. Methods: A retrospective study of macroprolactin was made in a large clinical laboratory. Macroprolactin was measured on those samples where it is requested and where the total prolactin is >1000 mIU/L. Prolactin was measured using the Siemens Centaur and macroprolactin was measured following polyethylene glycol (PEG)-precipitation. Results: The incidence of macroprolactin in samples where the total prolactin was >1000 mIU/L was 36/670 (5.4%). During this period, 12,064 samples were received for prolactin analysis. Over the period since 2006, 22 subjects had a sample with an isolated macroprolactin measurement followed by another sample without macroprolactin after a median period of 0.46 years. Twenty-five subjects had multiple consecutive measurements of macroprolactin lasting a median period of 2.1 years. Fourteen subjects had more than six samples which had been subjected to PEG precipitation. In these subjects, the reproducibility of PEG precipitation over a median of 6 years was 1.1% CV (recovery 75% [26–110] (median [range])). Conclusions: The presence of macroprolactin can change over time and we cannot advise that once a test for macroprolactinemia has been performed that it is not necessary to repeat the investigation if a subsequent sample is hyperprolactinemic; nor can one assume that macroprolactin will not develop even if it has been excluded previously.

scholarly journals Two significant moments in the history of Kaaps

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Christo Van Rensburg
Keyword(s):  
True Story ◽  
Regional Dialects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In

Two matters are considered in this paper.(i) The identification of the first version of Kaaps, the progenitor of Afrikaans. The earliestversion of Kaaps was recorded during the first period of the history of Afrikaans – theperiod prior to 1652. This period commences with the first visits to the Cape by Dutchmariners. The written records of Kaaps dating from that period are older than anyother manifestation of forms in Afrikaans. Some of these early words are currently stillin use among speakers of Kaaps, while others have been incorporated into StandardAfrikaans, or appear in dictionaries and the AWS (Afrikaanse Woordelys en Spelreëls –Wordlist and Spelling rules for Afrikaans). Some even continue to survive in the spokenAfrikaans of a number of regional dialects. Reference is also made in this chapter tohow Kaaps eventually developed and played an important role in the shaping of othervarieties of Afrikaans.(ii) The circumstances leading to the incorporation of elements of other varieties into the coredescription of Afrikaans. In describing Afrikaans, language historians usually ask whereparticular words and constructions come from. But the question how is actually ofgreater value when investigating the development of Afrikaans. Ek (I) is a word inKaaps which was, over time, absorbed into general use in Afrikaans. An analysis ofhow this process took place reveals that the ‘how’ questions are of greater importancein the history of the language than the ‘when’ and ‘where’ questions. The true story ofAfrikaans is a socio-historical one. Destigmatization, and the circumstances leading tochanging norms, are evoked by the ‘how’ questions.

scholarly journals OPTIMUM ALLOCATION OF DIFFERENT SOURCES OF IRRIGATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
Dr. Shailja
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Irrigation Potential ◽  
Rational Allocation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Minor Irrigation ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In

Discovery of agriculture was no doubt the greatest development in the history of mankind. Irrigation, being one of the most crucial input in the process of agricultural development, has been sought to be developed. In India, although significant efforts have been made to develop the irrigation potential through major and minor irrigation, yet there has been rather inadequate awareness of the economics of irrigation. Particularly, very few comparable attempts have been made to examine the rational allocation of water between different regions, crops and over time. Most of the studies that have been made in this field, have examined the different sources of irrigation in isolation from one another. In the present study, it is intended to examine the different sources of irrigation in an integrated manner and thus provide a macro-prospective as a guide to formulation of rational policies for irrigation management. In the present study, it is proposed to study the allocation of water by regions and crops and also over time. An attempt will be made to draw out policy implications and make some specific recommendations.

scholarly journals ABOUT ONE PRA-TURKIC MAGIC FORMULA, WHICH BECAME THE REASON FOR THE FORMATION OF THE GENRE «SONG» IN RITUAL FOLKLORE

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
Vitaliy G. Rodionov
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Early Separation ◽  
Magic Formula ◽  
Folklore Studies ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Speech Performance ◽  
Ritual Text ◽  
Over Time

Historical reconstruction problems of traditional rituals, worldview, language and poetics of folklore, folk art require an integrated approach from a modern researcher of the ethnos spiritual culture. The latter takes into account the achievements of modern related sciences, primarily ethnocultural studies and ethnolinguistics, archeology and folklore studies, comparative and typological ethnology. Using this method, the history of the archaic formula found in a number of genres of Chuvash ritual poetry is successfully restored, and its archaic semantics is also restored. In the Altai and pra-Turkic epochs, the semantics of “singing” (a melodic speech performance of a ritual text) had a number of lexemes, which later became differentiated and acquired complementary meanings. The Chuvash language, due to its early separation from the rest of the Turkic languages, was able to preserve the most archaic incantatory formula. The Chuvash term yora / yura, as a synthesis of a ritual-verbal incantatory text and a musical melody, was formed during the formation of military democracy in the society of the ancient Bulgars and other related tribes. Over time, thanks to an archaic magic formula, this term began to mean not only ritual, but also lyrical melodious speech texts. Thus, in the Chuvash folklore, the term acquired semantics, meaning not only a separate genre, but also a whole group of melodic-speech texts.

A history of botanical collections in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-291
Author(s):  
P.S.M. PHIRI ◽  
D.M. MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Made In

Central Africa remained botanically unknown to the outside world up to the end of the eighteenth century. This paper provides a historical account of plant explorations in the Luangwa Valley. The first plant specimens were collected in 1897 and the last serious botanical explorations were made in 1993. During this period there have been 58 plant collectors in the Luangwa Valley with peak activity recorded in the 1960s. In 1989 1,348 species of vascular plants were described in the Luangwa Valley. More botanical collecting is needed with a view to finding new plant taxa, and also to provide a satisfactory basis for applied disciplines such as ecology, phytogeography, conservation and environmental impact assessment.

Chasing Angels: The Sweet Wine Angelica

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
hank shaw
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Real ◽  
Mission Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Sweet Wine ◽  
Made In

Portugal has port, Spain has sherry, Sicily has Marsala –– and California has angelica. Angelica is California's original wine: The intensely sweet, fortified dessert cordial has been made in the state for more than two centuries –– primarily made from Mission grapes, first brought to California by the Spanish friars. Angelica was once drunk in vast quantities, but now fewer than a dozen vintners make angelica today. These holdouts from an earlier age are each following a personal quest for the real. For unlike port and sherry, which have strict rules about their production, angelica never gelled into something so distinct that connoisseurs can say, ““This is angelica. This is not.”” This piece looks at the history of the drink, its foggy origins in the Mission period and on through angelica's heyday and down to its degeneration into a staple of the back-alley wino set. Several current vintners are profiled, and they suggest an uncertain future for this cordial.

Not as It Is Written

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-100
Author(s):  
Benjamin Houston
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
International Exhibition ◽  
Black Experience ◽  
American Perspective ◽  
History Of ◽  
Black Life ◽  
Made In

This article discusses an international exhibition that detailed the recent history of African Americans in Pittsburgh. Methodologically, the exhibition paired oral history excerpts with selected historic photographs to evoke a sense of Black life during the twentieth century. Thematically, showcasing the Black experience in Pittsburgh provided a chance to provoke among a wider public more nuanced understandings of the civil rights movement, an era particularly prone to problematic and superficial misreadings, but also to interject an African American perspective into the scholarship on deindustrializing cities, a literature which treats racism mostly in white-centric terms. This essay focuses on the choices made in reconciling these thematic and methodological dimensions when designing this exhibition.

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