scholarly journals A Seroprevalence Study for HBV in Pregnant Women in Greece: High Risk Migrant Groups and Opportunities for Intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anagnostatou N ◽  
◽  
Hatzidaki E ◽  
Galanakis E ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
Roma Population ◽  
Seroprevalence Data ◽  
Migrant Groups

Background: Perinatal transmission of HBV leads to chronic infection in up to 90% of neonates. Focused prenatal screening and appropriate treatment of pregnant women and neonates is necessary for the elimination of hepatitis B, as was stated in the 2017 WHO Action Plan for HBV. Information on seroprevalence of HBV in Greece, especially in pregnant women, is scarce and rather outdated. Seroprevalence data specifically for high-risk groups, such as immigrants, is necessary for proper public health planning and elimination of vertical transmission and this study will struggle to fill the gap that exists in Greece. Methods: HBsAg status of pregnant women delivering during 2017 in Crete was studied. Seroprevalence was estimated for the whole population and each ethnic group separately. Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.38 (±6) years. Their origin was Greek (76.76 %), Albanian (10.18%), Bulgarian (3.79%), Roma population (2.44%), Russia and Former Republics of Russia (2.06%), Romanian (1.95%), Central Europe (0.70%) refugees from Syria, Morocco, Egypt (0.55%), and East Asian (0.43%). The HBsAg (+) seroprevalence was 1.5%. The seroprevalence of Greeks was 0.5%, while Albanians, Bulgarians, Romanians and Roma had 4.3%, 5.7%, 2.8%, and 11.1% respectively (p<0.001). Conclusions: Defining specific at-risk groups in each country is fundamental, since MTCT is the principal mode of transmission in high prevalence settings. Our study revealed high seroprevalence in certain migrant groups and Roma women. This information is essential for proper planning of perinatal care in Greece, especially taking into account that these underprivileged groups often lack quality health care.

scholarly journals Comparação da Aplicação da EER Hema-Obs a 250 Gestações da Consulta de Hematologia-Obstetrícia do Centro Hospitalar São João, Portugal Versus EER Galit Sarig a 90 Gestações no Rambam Health Care Campus, Israel

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Ana Salselas ◽  
Inês Pestana ◽  
Francisco Bischoff ◽  
Mariana Guimarães ◽  
Joaquim Aguiar Andrade
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Very High ◽  
Receiver Operating

<strong>Introduction:</strong> Pregnant women with thromboembolic diseases, previous thrombotic episodes or thrombophilia family history were supervised in a multidisciplinary Obstetrics/ Hematology consultation in Centro Hospitalar São João EPE, Porto, Portugal. For the evaluation and medication of these women, a risk stratification scale was used.<br /><strong>Purposes:</strong> The aim of this study was to validate a Risk Stratification Scale and thromboprophylaxis protocol by means of comparing it with a similar scale, developed and published by Sarig.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> We have compared: The distribution, by risk groups, obtained through the application of the two scales on pregnant women followed at Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal, consultation; the sensibility and specificity for each one of the scales (DeLong scale, applied to Receiver Operating Characteristic) curves; the outcomes in pregnancies followed in Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal<br /><strong>Results:</strong> According to our Hema-Obs risk stratification scale, 29% were allocated to low-risk, 47% to high-risk and 24% to very-high-risk groups. According to Galit Sarig risk stratification scale, 24% were considered low-risk, 53% moderate, 16% high-risk and 7% as very high-risk group. In our study we observed 9% of spontaneous abortions, in comparison with 18% in the Galit Sarig cohort. From the application of Receiver Operating Characteristic curve to both risk stratification scales, the results of the calculated areas were 58,8% to our Hema-Obs risk stratification scale and 38,7% to Galit Sarig risk stratification scale, with a Delong test significancie of p = 0.0006.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We concluded that Hema-Obs risk stratification scale is an effective support for clinical monitoring of therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Possible ways of decline of infantile death rate are in the separate regions of Russian Federation

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V Telesh ◽  
Yuriy V Petrenko ◽  
Dmitry O Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Medical Care System ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Tier System ◽  
Care System

This article considers the level of infant mortality - one of the most important criterion of “demographic prosperity “in the state. Here is brief historical characterization of demographic processes since the end of 20th century till the present in Russia. Nowadays, the level of infant mortality in Russia much higher than in most European countries. Information about the factors that affect the level of infant mortality and which ones can be controlled will help to understand why infant mortality levels are so different in Russia, European countries and USA for example. First factor is direct causes of infant mortality, the second one is medical care system responsible for pregnant women and children. Today causes of neonatal mortality and ways of eliminating these causes are analyzed. Countries with low level of infant mortality have a successful three-tier model of perinatal care. Russia is also undergoing modernization care system for children and pregnant women and the transition to a three-tier system of assistance. The main objective of the three-tier system is the direction of women in high-risk groups in the establishment of the level that has the capacity to provide them with necessary assistance. Three-tier system in different regions of Russia have different features so we have various coefficients of infant mortality. Some regions have high rates; some ones have similar level to the European countries. Such differences lead to the conclusion that we need to develop regional patterns of medical care which will take into account the specificities of each region.

Prevalence of infection by HTLV-I/II among pregnant women and high-risk groups in the Peloponnese peninsula, Greece

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 543-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parthenopi M Tseliou ◽  
Nicholas Spanakis ◽  
Anna Spiliotakara ◽  
Antonios Markogiannakis ◽  
Nicholas J Legakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Risk Groups

scholarly journals Tuberculosis incidence among migrants according to migrant status: a cohort study, Denmark, 1993 to 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (44) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Langholz Kristensen ◽  
Troels Lillebaek ◽  
Joergen Holm Petersen ◽  
Sally Hargreaves ◽  
Laura B Nellums ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Migrant Status ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Migrant Groups

Background Migrants account for the majority of tuberculosis (TB) cases in low-incidence countries in western Europe. TB incidence among migrants might be influenced by patterns of migration, but this is not well understood. Aim To investigate differences in TB risk across migrant groups according to migrant status and region of origin. Methods This prospective cohort study included migrants ≥ 18 years of age who obtained residency in Denmark between 1 January 1993 and 31 December 2015, matched 1:6 to Danish-born individuals. Migrants were grouped according to legal status of residency and region of origin. Incidence rates (IR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated by Poisson regression. Results The cohort included 142,314 migrants. Migrants had significantly higher TB incidence (IR: 120/100,000 person-years (PY); 95% confidence interval (CI): 115–126) than Danish-born individuals (IR: 4/100,000 PY; 95% CI: 3–4). The IRR was significantly higher in all migrant groups compared with Danish-born (p < 0.01). A particularly higher risk was seen among family-reunified to refugees (IRR: 61.8; 95% CI: 52.7–72.4), quota refugees (IRR: 46.0; 95% CI: 36.6–57.6) and former asylum seekers (IRR: 45.3; 95% CI: 40.2–51.1), whereas lower risk was seen among family-reunified to Danish/Nordic citizens (IRR 15.8; 95% CI: 13.6–18.4) and family-reunified to immigrants (IRR: 16.9; 95% CI: 13.5–21.3). Discussion All migrants had higher TB risk compared with the Danish-born population. While screening programmes focus mostly on asylum seekers, other migrant groups with high risk of TB are missed. Awareness of TB risk in all high-risk groups should be strengthened and screening programmes should be optimised.

Assessment of hemostasis in physiological pregnancy. Algorithms of examination in high risk groups. Guidelines (PROJECT), 2nd edition 

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.П. Момот ◽  
М.Г. Николаева ◽  
Г.В. Сердюк ◽  
А.Н. Мамаев ◽  
В.В. Романов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Thromboembolic Complications

Настоящие методические рекомендации представляют собой изложение алгоритмов исследования системы гемостаза у беременных при физиологическом течении беременности и в группах риска по развитию гестационных и тромбоэмболических осложнений и акушерских кровотечений. These guidelines are the summary of algorithms for the study of hemostasis in pregnant women during the physiological pregnancy and in risk groups for the development of gestational and thromboembolic complications and obstetric hemorrhages.

Neuroimmunology of stressful pregnancy

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
S.I. Zhuk ◽  
◽  
O.D. Shchurevska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Pregnancy Anxiety ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Complicated Pregnancy

Nowadays, almost every woman is at high risk because of stress during pregnancy, but their nature, intensity, duration of exposure are different for each woman. Extremely high-risk groups are pregnant women living in conditions of military aggression, social and humanitarian crises. The period of reactive adaptation to stress in them is rapidly changing maladaptation. This is due to neuro-immunological mechanisms, which are further implemented in the complicated pregnancy and childbirth. The objective: is to establish the stressors effects on the function of the immune system of pregnant women and their possible role in the occurrence of complications of gestation. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, we surveyed 78 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy. They were divided into 2 groups: 1 group (main) – 42 pregnant women, displaced from Lugansk and Donetsk regions, 2 group – 36 pregnant women with physiological pregnancy. General clinical studies, psychological testing (Spielberger–Hanin scale) and immunological studies: population and subpopulation composition of blood lymphocytes using the method of indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies CD3+, CD4+, CD4+, CD8+, CD8+ CD20 + and CD16 +, study of lymphocyte functional activity and determination of CIC were conducted. Results. Total lymphopenia and significant increase in the level of circulating immune complexes (CIC) were found in pregnant women of the 1 group (forcibly displaced). This indicates a state of marked suppression of immunity (lymphopenia), complicated pregnancy, susceptibility to infectious-inflammatory processes, severe course and prolonged convalescence. The number of lymphocytes was within the normative parameters in pregnant women of the second group. Activation of the number of T cells (CD4+, CD8+, CD16+), as well as their functional activity (RBTL) were found. Which points at the activation of the T-cells immunity type. Conclusions. The results of the study prove the immunosuppressive role of psychosocial factors in internally displaced women and the presence of stress-induced decompensation of the psychoneuroendocrine system in them. Keywords: psychoneuroimmunology, pregnancy, anxiety, women–forcibly displaced, stress.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Health Planning

2021 ◽  
pp. 178-198
Author(s):  
J Patrick Vaughan ◽  
Cesar Victora ◽  
A Mushtaque R Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Local Health ◽  
District Health ◽  
High Quality

This chapter focuses on how local health teams can use epidemiology to help plan for health priorities and identify high-risk groups and to tackle inequalities. Using a systems approach epidemiology can help to strengthen primary health care and improve the delivery of district health services and programmes. These need to be delivered so people have high levels of access to high-quality services and programmes that also achieve high levels of population coverage.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 infection on pregnant women: literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Ghadah Mohammed Alasbi ◽  
Afaf Mohammad Saad ◽  
Nada Jamal Abdulqader ◽  
Sulaiman Hemdi Laimooniah ◽  
Fatimah Falah Aldajani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Women Literature ◽  
Severe Infections

SARS-CoV-2 infection in high-risk groups is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Pregnant females are considered one of these cases. More studies are needed to understand how the virus affects the complication rate in these cases and what is the best management plan. Hence, this study was conducted to stand on the real incidence and complications of COVID-19 in pregnancy. Databases like PubMed, Medline, Web of science, Embase, Google scholar, and Scopus were searched using the following search terms “severe acute respiratory syndrome of coronavirus-2” or “SARS-CoV-2” or “COVID-19” or “coronavirus” and “pregnant” or “neonate” or “pregnancy” transplacental transmission” or “placental transmission” or “vertical transmission” or intrauterine or perinatal. Pregnant women are not considered high-risk groups for COVID-19 infections as it was found that the risk of complication in COVID-19 patients was similar to non-infected patients. However, virulent strains of the virus had caused severe infections and complications. The study lacked a clear plan for the management of the virus in pregnant females.

scholarly journals Pregnant Women and Infants Infected with SARS-COV-2: A Brief Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
Omolbanin Delashoub ◽  
Salman Jafari ◽  
Mohammad Saleh Hajializadeh ◽  
Hamid Abdollahi ◽  
Reza Afzalipour
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Pregnant Mother ◽  
First Case ◽  
Wide Range

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a global health concern and a wide range of people are at risk. Pregnant women are considered high-risk groups due to hormonal changes and weakness in the immune system. In the present study, the transmission of COVID-19 from mother to fetus and infection of children under the age of 10 with this virus were discussed. This study tries to investigate whether the coronavirus can be transmitted from a pregnant mother to her fetus and whether the virus can be transmitted to the baby through breast milk. According to researchers, children under the age of 10 do not get the disease; however, the first case of a baby with coronavirus was reported in Mashhad, Iran, based on the world’s up-to-date studies and the perceptions of medical experts.

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