Nutraceuticals and Atherothrombosis: A Glance to Human Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernández-Tobías EA ◽  
◽  
Zambrano-Ayala SD ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

The leading causes of death worldwide are ischaemic heart disease and stroke. These Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are two of the main clinical manifestations of atherothrombosis. Above all, the major causes of this complex condition include genetic susceptibility along with lifestyle habits or behavioral risk factors such as smoking, physical inactivity, alcohol abuse, and unhealthy diets. The most important way to prevent atherothrombotic events is through lifestyle optimization. In particular, nutritional intervention plays a key role in the treatment and prevention of atherothrombosis, with specific dietary patterns as potential modulators of cardiovascular health. Nutraceuticals are substances derived from food and offer health benefits along with their nutritional value and could become promising agents in the prevention and treatment of CVDs, particularly for individuals or populations with low adherence to certain dietary patterns. However, for most nutraceuticals, the evidence for their use in cardiovascular health is limited and requires further attention. This review will summarize some nutraceuticals with strong evidence from large sample size randomized controlled trials for the primary or secondary prevention of CVDs.

scholarly journals Changes in Dietary Patterns through a Nutritional Intervention with a Traditional Atlantic Diet: The Galiat Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4233
Author(s):  
Mar Calvo-Malvar ◽  
Alfonso J. Benítez-Estévez ◽  
Rosaura Leis ◽  
Juan Sánchez-Castro ◽  
Francisco Gude
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Adults And Children

Unhealthy dietary patterns (DPs) can lead to cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. We assessed the effects of a community-focused intervention with a traditional Atlantic diet on changes in DPs in families and the associations of these changes with weight loss. The Galiat study is a randomized, controlled trial conducted in 250 families (720 adults and children) and performed at a primary care setting with the cooperation of multiple society sectors. Over 6 months, families randomized to the intervention group received educational sessions, cooking classes, written supporting material, and foods that form part of the Atlantic diet, whereas those randomized to the control group followed their habitual lifestyle. At baseline, five DPs that explained 30.1% of variance were identified: “Caloric”, “Frieds”, “Fruits, vegetables, and dairy products”, “Alcohol”, and “Fish and boiled meals.” Compared to the controls, the intervention group showed significant improvements in “Fruits, vegetables, and dairy products” and “Fish and boiled meals” and reductions in the “Caloric” and “Frieds”. Changes in bodyweight per unit increment of “Frieds” and “Fruits, vegetables, and dairy products” scores were 0.240 kg (95% CI, 0.050–0.429) and −0.184 kg (95% CI, −0.379–0.012), respectively. We found that a culturally appropriate diet improved DPs associated with weight loss.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Yearlong Diabetes Prevention Program-Based Lifestyle Intervention on Cardiovascular Health Metrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110298
Author(s):  
Susan M. Devaraj ◽  
Bonny Rockette-Wagner ◽  
Rachel G. Miller ◽  
Vincent C. Arena ◽  
Jenna M. Napoleone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Diabetes Prevention Program ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Impact

Introduction The American Heart Association created “Life’s Simple Seven” metrics to estimate progress toward improving US cardiovascular health in a standardized manner. Given the widespread use of federally funded Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)-based lifestyle interventions such as the Group Lifestyle Balance (DPP-GLB), evaluation of change in health metrics within such a program is of national interest. This study examined change in cardiovascular health metric scores during the course of a yearlong DPP-GLB intervention. Methods Data were combined from 2 similar randomized trials offering a community based DPP-GLB lifestyle intervention to overweight/obese individuals with prediabetes and/or metabolic syndrome. Pre/post lifestyle intervention participation changes in 5 of the 7 cardiovascular health metrics were examined at 6 and 12 months (BMI, blood pressure, total cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, physical activity). Smoking was rare and diet was not measured. Results Among 305 participants with complete data (81.8% of 373 eligible adults), significant improvements were demonstrated in all 5 risk factors measured continuously at 6 and 12 months. There were significant positive shifts in the “ideal” and “total” metric scores at both time points. Also noted were beneficial shifts in the proportion of participants across categories for BMI, activity, and blood pressure. Conclusion AHA-metrics could have clinical utility in estimating an individual’s cardiovascular health status and in capturing improvement in cardiometabolic/behavioral risk factors resulting from participation in a community-based translation of the DPP lifestyle intervention.

scholarly journals Body composition, lipid profile and mediterranean diet adherence in cardiovascular disease patients attending a long-term exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Linan Pinto ◽  
R Pinto ◽  
S Charneca ◽  
J Vasques ◽  
M Lemos Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Metabolic Complications

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is recognized as a major public health issue and remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. There is a clear association between adiposity, blood lipid profile, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) with the risk of CVD. However, the assessment of body composition parameters, dietary patterns and nutritional intervention in CVD patients undergoing a cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) program remains insufficient.  Purpose  to characterize body composition, lipid profile and MD adherence in patients with CVD who were attending an exercise-based CR program during COVID-19 era.  Methods  The study was developed between October 2020 and January 2021 in a phase III centre-based CR program. Body composition was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry Hologic Explorer-W. Adherence to the MD was assessed by the 14-item MD questionnaire. Fasting blood sample was taken for measurement of lipid profile.  Results  A sample of 41 patients (mean age 64.4 ± 7.9 years, 87.8% male) was evaluated. The most prevalent CVD were coronary artery disease (89.5%) and heart failure (21.1%). The main CVD risk factors at admission in the CR program were dyslipidaemia (71.1%), hypertension (68.4%), physical inactivity (26.3%) and diabetes mellitus (21.0%). In our sample the mean body mass index was 28 ± 3.8 kg/m2, being most patients overweight (75.6%), and having a substantially increased risk of metabolic complications (85.3%) accordingly to waist-hip ratio. Body composition assessment showed that 14.6% of the patients had a body fat mass index above 90th percentile. Although only 9.8% of the patients had reduced fat free mass, 17.1% showed appendicular lean mass below the reference value. In addition, less than one third of the patients (31.7%) revealed a high adherence to the MD pattern. A sub-analysis on blood lipids (n = 26) showed that most patients had levels of LDL cholesterol (76.9%) and non-HDL cholesterol (65.4%) above the therapeutic target and 15.4% had triglycerides higher than 150 mg/dl.  Conclusion  Body composition, lipid profile and dietary patterns, play a major role in CVD secondary prevention. Our findings showed that a substantial number of CVD patients, in COVID-19 era, did not have optimal body composition, were above lipid profile targets, and had a low/medium adherence to the MD. Thus, this study highlights the relevance of nutrition on cardiometabolic status and demonstrates the crucial role of nutritional intervention as an integrated part of a long-term phase III CR program. Moreover, further research about nutritional intervention in patients undergoing CR is warranted.

Nutritional Intervention and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy - A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Anja Kort ◽  
Line Noes Lydom ◽  
Lisbeth Nerstrom Salling ◽  
Susanne Vahr Lauridsen ◽  
Bente Appel Esbensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Radical Cystectomy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Abstract 38: Tandem Effects of Specific Foods on Cardiometabolic Risk within the Context of Overall Dietary Patterns: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Feeding Trials

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitanjali M Singh ◽  
Marcia Otto ◽  
Dariush Mozaffarian
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Diet Patterns ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Insulin Homeostasis

Background: Cardiometabolic (CMB) risk factors are major mediators of the effects of diet on health. Multiple foods are often consumed in tandem, yet CMB effects of individual dietary factors are often studied in isolation, leading to estimates that may not represent true effects as part of diet patterns. Objective: To quantify the effects of major foods (fruits, vegetables, nuts/seeds, whole grains, fish) and dietary fiber, when consumed within the context of overall diet patterns, on systolic BP, serum lipids, and glucose-insulin homeostasis. Methods: PubMed was searched through Oct 2015 to identify randomized controlled feeding studies evaluating effects of major dietary patterns on CMB factors. We included trials evaluating major dietary patterns including fruits, vegetables, nuts/seeds, whole grains, fish, and dietary fiber as major components and evaluating effects on systolic BP, serum lipids (total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, or triglycerides), or markers of glucose-insulin homeostasis (fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, postprandial glucose, or fasting insulin). Multivariate metaregression was used to estimate food-specific effects on CMB factors. Results: Among 15 included trials, diet-pattern related decreases in SBP ranged from -2.2 to -9.5 mmHg; and in LDL-C, from -5.0 to -14.7 mg/dL. Each specific food had different, independent, and additive effects on these risk factors ( Figure ). Results for measures of glucose-insulin homeostasis are in progress. Conclusions: Each of these foods independently influences major CMB risk factors, even when consumed in tandem as part of overall diet patterns . Such quantification more accurately reflects the complementary effects of diverse dietary components and highlights the importance of integrated approaches to investigating dietary factors and implementing relevant dietary policies.

Effects of nutritional intervention upon bone turnover in elderly hip fracture patients. Randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne C. Torbergsen ◽  
Leiv O. Watne ◽  
Frede Frihagen ◽  
Torgeir B. Wyller ◽  
Morten Mowè
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals Drug-Induced Heart Failure (Part 2: Mechanisms of Development, Clinical Signs, Differential Diagnosis, Risk Factors, Treatment and Prevention)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
O. D. Ostroumova ◽  
I. V. Goloborodova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Developing Heart

Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome caused by an impaired pumping function of the heart muscle, etiologically associated with cardiovascular disease and, in the vast majority of cases, requiring complex therapeutic regimens and simultaneous prescription of several drugs. To date, we know several classes of drugs (including those used for heart failure) which can induce development/progression of heart failure in both patients with left ventricular dysfunction, and in patients who do not have cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was to analyse and systematize data on development mechanisms, as well as methods of prevention and treatment of drug-induced heart failure when using diff erent groups of drugs. It has been established that drug-induced heart failure is most often associated with the use of calcium channel blockers (verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine), beta-blockers, antiarrhythmic drugs (disopyramide, fl ecainide, propafenone, amiodarone, ibutilide, dofetilide, dronedarone), anthracyclines (doxorubicin) and other antitumor drugs (trastuzumab, bevacizumab, infl iximab), hypoglycemic drugs (thiazolidinediones, saxagliptin, alogliptin), and nonsteroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs, including selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. The study revealed various mechanisms of heart failure development following drug treatment. In some patients, heart failure development is associated with the cardiotoxic eff ect of a particular drug, in others with adverse eff ects on hemodynamics. Much depends on risks of developing heart failure, including specifi c risks attributable to groups of drugs and individual drugs. The identifi cation of drugs that can contribute to the development/ progression of heart failure, and possible clinical manifestations of drug-induced heart failure, as well as provision of timely information to physicians, and engagement of clinical pharmacologists with the aim of optimizing treatment of patients can facilitate timely diagnosis, treatment and prevention of drug-induced heart failure. 

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROID AND ORAL ZINC SULFATE-TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROID COMBINATION IN THE TREATMENT OF VITILIGO AT KMCH, KATIHAR, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
Nadia Akram ◽  
Seeba Hussain ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Topical Corticosteroid ◽  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Supplemental Zinc ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
Higher Doses

Background : Vitiligo is the most prevalent pigmentary disorder which occurs worldwide, with an incidence rate between 0.1-4 percent. It is anticipated that the discovery of biological pathways of vitiligo pathogenesis with provide novel therapeutic and prophylactic targets for future approaches to the treatment and prevention of vitiligo. The purposes of this study were evaluating the efficacy of supplemental zinc on the treatment of vitiligo. Methods : This randomized clinical trial was conducted for a period of one year. Thiry five patients among 86 participatnts were eligible to entrance to the study. The patients in two equal randomized groups took topical corticosteroid and comination of oral zinc sulfate-topical corticosteroid. Results : The of responses in the corticosteroid group and the zinc sulfat-corticosteroid combination group were 21.43% and 24.7% respectively. Conclusion : Although, the response to corticosteroid plus zinc sulfate was more than corticosteroid, there was no statistically significant difference between them. It appeared that more robust long-term randomized controlled trials on more patients, may be with higher doses of zinc sulfate, are needed to fully establish the efficacy of oral zinc in management of vitiligo.

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