Insulating Composites Made from Sulfur, Canola Oil, and Wool

An insulating composite was made from the sustainable building blocks wool, sulfur, and canola oil. In the first stage of the synthesis, inverse vulcanization was used to make a polysulfide polymer from the canola oil triglyceride and sulfur. This polymerization benefits from complete atom economy. In the second stage, the powdered polymer is mixed with wool, coating the fibers through electrostatic attraction. The polymer and wool mixture is then compressed with mild heating to provoke S-S metathesis in the polymer, which locks the wool in the polymer matrix. The wool fibers impart tensile strength, insulating properties, and flame resistance to the composite. All building blocks are sustainable or derived from waste and the composite is a promising lead on next-generation insulation for energy conservation.

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Enhancement of Mechanical Properties and Porosity of Concrete Using Steel Slag Coarse Aggregate

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13122865 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 2865

Author(s):

Md Jihad Miah ◽

Md. Munir Hossain Patoary ◽

Suvash Chandra Paul ◽

Adewumi John Babafemi ◽

Biranchi Panda

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Microstructural Analysis ◽

Steel Slag ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Length Change ◽

Sustainable Building ◽

Burnt Clay ◽

Lower Porosity ◽

Furnace Steel

This paper investigates the possibility of utilizing steel slags produced in the steelmaking industry as an alternative to burnt clay brick aggregate (BA) in concrete. Within this context, physical, mechanical (i.e., compressive and splitting tensile strength), length change, and durability (porosity) tests were conducted on concrete made with nine different percentage replacements (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, and 100% by volume of BA) of BA by induction of furnace steel slag aggregate (SSA). In addition, the chemical composition of aggregate through X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis and microstructural analysis through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of aggregates and concrete were performed. The experimental results show that the physical and mechanical properties of concrete made with SSA were significantly higher than that of concrete made with BA. The compressive and tensile strength increased by 73% when SSA fully replaced BA. The expansion of concrete made with SSA was a bit higher than the concrete made with BA. Furthermore, a significant lower porosity was observed for concrete made with SSA than BA, which decreased by 40% for 100% SSA concrete than 100% BA concrete. The relation between compressive and tensile strength with the porosity of concrete mixes are in agreement with the relationships presented in the literature. This study demonstrates that SSA can be used as a full replacement of BA, which is economical, conserves the natural aggregate, and is sustainable building material since burning brick produces a lot of CO2.

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Sustainable Building Materials for Low-cost Housing and the Challenges Facing their Technological Developments: Examples and Lessons Regarding Bamboo, Earth-Block Technologies, Building Blocks of Recycled Materials, and Improved Concrete Panels

Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology ◽

10.4172/2168-9717.1000187 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 06 (01) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jan Bredenoord

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Low Cost ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Recycled Materials ◽

Sustainable Building ◽

Concrete Panels ◽

Technological Developments ◽

Low Cost Housing ◽

Earth Block ◽

Sustainable Building Materials

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Synthesis of Cyclic Polysulfides and their Properties as Curing Agents

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3547830 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 380-390

Author(s):

Wonmun Choi ◽

Tomoyuki Matsumura

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

High Molecular Weight ◽

Mass Spectra ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Aging Properties ◽

Curing Agents ◽

Polysulfide Polymer

Abstract The reactions of dichloroalkanes and sodium tetra-sulfide (Na2S4) were carried out in a mixture of water and toluene to produce corresponding cyclic polysulfides and polysulfide polymer. The low molecular weights of cyclic sulfides were obtained by the reaction at 90 °C, while the high molecular weight of polysulfide polymer was obtained by the reaction at 50 °C. GPC chromatograms and Mass spectra revealed that the structures of cyclic polysulfide were 1:1, 2:2, and 3:3 adducts of dichloroalkane and sodium tetra-sulfide. The mechanical properties of vulcanized NR at 148 °C with cyclic sulfides were similar to that with sulfur. However, both tensile strength and elongation at break of vulcanized NR at 170 °C with cyclic sulfides are much higher than that with sulfur. The aging properties of vulcanized NR at 148 °C or 170 °C with cyclic polysulfides indicate better stability.

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Optimizing the Tensile Strength of Polystyrene Lightweight Concrete: A Panacea for Sustainable Housing Development in Developing Countries

Journal of Engineering Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/jerr/2021/v20i117254 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107-125

Author(s):

S. E. Ubi

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Large Scale ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Expanded Polystyrene ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Split Tensile Strength ◽

Polystyrene Beads ◽

Coarse Aggregates ◽

Lattice Design ◽

Strength Result

The use of polystyrene beads in concrete applications has been limited due to its perceived low strength properties. Tensile strength test is an important test that determines the vulnerability of concrete to tensile cracking due to the weight of the structural load. Water, sand, coarse aggregates, expanded polystyrene beads, and ordinary Portland cement are the materials used for this study. All the materials were batched according to their weight, except for polystyrene and coarse aggregates which were batched in volume after mixing them together. The polystyrene partial replacement level was considered at 12% of the coarse aggregate volume. The model equation adopted for this study was based on Scheffe’s {4, 2} simplex lattice design for both Pseudo component and component proportional models. The actual model was developed from the 28th day test result. The Mathlab and Minitab 16 software were used in this study to generate the actual mix ratios. The results obtained showed that both Pseudo component and component proportional models both produced an average split tensile strength of about 5.10N/mm2. This implied that the results of this study produced a split tensile strength result that varied between 18% - 19% of its compressive strength result. This showed that the materials and the mix ratios optimized in this study are suitable as building blocks for residential low rising buildings and as partition slaps for high rising buildings. The lightweight property makes it highly suitable for large scale application in high rising structures as internal partition slaps only.

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GIS based-model to locate and quantify agricultural wastes for sustainable building components: plastic films and sheep wool fibers

10.1109/metroagrifor52389.2021.9628855 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Monica C. M. Parlato ◽

Simona M.C. Porto ◽

Francesca Valenti

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Wastes ◽

Sustainable Building ◽

Plastic Films ◽

Wool Fibers ◽

Building Components ◽

Sheep Wool

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Sustainable Building Blocks for Cost-Effective Deepwater-Field Development

Journal of Petroleum Technology ◽

10.2118/0517-0056-jpt ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 69 (05) ◽

pp. 56-58

Author(s):

Chris Carpenter

Keyword(s):

Cost Effective ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Sustainable Building ◽

Field Development

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Effects of Using Limestone as a Filler and Starbit E-55 Asphalt as a Binder on the Performance of AC-WC Mixture

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201925804005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 258 ◽

pp. 04005

Author(s):

Faizul Chasanah ◽

Fajariesta Arta Putra

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Asphalt Concrete ◽

Indirect Tensile Strength ◽

Permeability Test ◽

Second Stage ◽

Performance Requirements ◽

Indirect Tensile ◽

Asphalt Content ◽

Properties Of Materials ◽

Last Stage

Asphalt concrete can be made through several methods including hot mix using Starbit E-55 asphalt as a binder and limestone as filler. This research aimed to determine the feasibility of the use of limestone as filler in AC-WC mixture and to identify the effects of limestone addition on the Marshall Characteristics, Durability, Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS), and Permeability. The first stage was to test the properties of materials consisting of aggregate, asphalt, and limestone. The second stage was to determine the optimum asphalt content with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% filler proportions, and the last stage was to conduct the Marshall, Immersion, ITS, and Permeability tests. The results showed that limestone has been in accordance with the performance requirements specified for a filler of AC-WC mixture using Starbit E-55 asphalt as a binder. There was a change in the Marshall characteristics of optimum asphalt content. The durability increased, and the ITS values of AC-WC mixture improved along with the increase in limestone proportion. However, the permeability test indicated that the mixture has a poor drainage feature towards water after variation in filler proportions was performed.

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