scholarly journals Antibacterial efficacy of commercially available activated carbon tooth powder: An in vitro study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 6748-6753
Author(s):  
Padmaja Vangipuram ◽  
Ravishankar P L ◽  
Prem Blaisie Rajula M ◽  
Rajarajeswari S ◽  
Saravanan A V ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Cow Dung

There has been an indiscriminate use of commercial antimicrobials in the previous decades, leading to emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria. This has become a frequent occurrence, so natural antimicrobial agents have grabbed attention of researchers as potential alternatives. Of particular interest is cow dung which has been shown to have antibacterial and antiseptic properties. It is known to be used predominantly in rural areas. This paper aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Goshala Activated Carbon toothpowder against three strains of periodontopathogennic and cariogenic bacteria. Standardized strains of Streptococcus mutans, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans  and Porphyromonas gingivalis were cultured in BHI (Brain Heart Infusion Broth) media and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Activated Carbon tooth powder was assessed by serial dilution method. Likewise, Amoxicillin, Metronidazole and Chlorhexidine were tested against the same pathogens. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans  and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were shown to be sensitive at an MIC of 50mg/ml, 25mg/ml and 0.8mg/ml for activated carbon toothpowder respectively. Given some limitations of this study, we can conclude that  activated carbon powder presents a ray of hope in developing a targeted agent for aggressive periodontitis patients.

scholarly journals EFEK ANTIBAKTERI SUPERNATAN JUS ANGGUR MERAH YANG DIISOLASI DENGAN KECEPATAN SENTRIFUGASI 12.000 rpm TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN S. MUTANS

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Dini Rachmawati ◽  
Sumarno . ◽  
Anggi Wahyu Nur Cahyani
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Red Grape Juice ◽  
Red Grape

Background: Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) is a gram-positive bacteria in oral cavity which produced acid as the common cause of dental caries. In order to prevent the growth or kill Streptococcus mutans, antibacterial is required. Red grape (Vitis vinifera) is suspected to contain antibacterial.Method: An experimental study using the post test only control group design is carried out to Streptococcus mutans with tube dilution method and streaking on the Brain Heart Infusion. A range of concentration from 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 98%. The control group are group of bacteria and red grape juice control.Result: The analysis of Minimum Inhibitor Bactericidal (MIC) is show a difference absorbent value as the given concentration (Anova, p<0,05). The correlation test show is strong reciprocal association between concentration of res grape juice and absorbent value (r=-0,978; p< 0,05). The analysis of Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) is shows difference of the number of colonies as given concentration (Anova, p<0,05). The correlation reveals a very strong reciprocal association between concentration of red grape juice and the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies growth (r=-0,925; p< 0,05).Conclusion: The conclusion is supernatant of red grape juice has effect the growth as antibacterial agent on Streptococcus mutans in vitro, with MIC at concentration 60% and MBC at concentration 80%

scholarly journals Inhibitory effects of propolis and essential oils on oral bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (07) ◽  
pp. 1027-1031
Author(s):  
Zoran Tambur ◽  
Biljana Miljković-Selimović ◽  
Dolores Opačić ◽  
Branislava Vuković ◽  
Adam Malešević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Promising Source

Introduction: Propolis is a natural composite balsam. In the past decade, propolis has been extensively investigated as an adjuvant for the treatment of periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial activities of propolis solutions and plant essential oils against some oral cariogenic (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis, Lactobacillus acidophilus) and periodontopathic bacteria (Actinomyces odontolyticus, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum). Methodology: Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): The antimicrobial activity of propolis and essential oils was investigated by the agar dilution method. Serial dilutions of essential oils were prepared in plates, and the assay plates were estimated to contain 100, 50, 25 and 12.5 µg/mL of active essential oils. Dilutions for propolis were 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.3 µg/mL of active propolis solutions. Results: Propolis solutions dissolved in benzene, diethyl ether and methyl chloride, demonstrated equal effectiveness against all investigated oral bacteria (MIC=12.5 µg/mL). Propolis solution dissolved in acetone displayed MIC of 6.3 µg/mL only for Lactobacillus acidophilus. At the MIC of 12.5 µg/mL, essential oils of Salvia officinalis and Satureja kitaibelii were effective against Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. For the latter, the MIC value of Salvia officinalis was twice higher. Conclusions: The results indicate that propolis and plant essential oils appear to be a promising source of antimicrobial agents that may prevent dental caries and other oral infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Activities of Telithromycin (HMR 3647, RU 66647) Compared to Those of Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Roxithromycin, and Other Antimicrobial Agents against Unusual Anaerobes

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2801-2805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellie J. C. Goldstein ◽  
Diane M. Citron ◽  
C. Vreni Merriam ◽  
Yumi Warren ◽  
Kerin Tyrrell
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Prevotella Intermedia ◽  
Biphasic Pattern ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Strain Variability ◽  
Comparative Activity

ABSTRACT The comparative activity of telithromycin (HMR 3647) against 419 human anaerobic isolates was determined by the agar dilution method. At concentrations of ≤0.5 μg/ml, telithromycin was active againstActinomyces israelii, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Bacteroides tectum, Bacteroides ureolyticus, Bacteroides gracilis (nowCampylobacter gracilis), Porphyromonas spp. (including Porphyromonas gingivalis and Porphyromonas macacae), Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella heparinolytica, and almost all Peptostreptococcusspecies. Clostridia showed species and strain variability, often with a biphasic pattern. Fusobacterium species, exceptFusobacterium russii, were relatively resistant.

scholarly journals Resistance Index of Penicillin-Resistant Bacteria to Various Physicochemical Agents

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
M. Kazemi ◽  
R. Kasra Kermanshahi ◽  
E. Heshmat Dehkordi ◽  
F. Payami ◽  
M. Behjati
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Widespread use of various antimicrobial agents resulted in the emergence of bacterial resistance. Mechanisms like direct efflux, formation, and sequestration of metals and drugs in complexes and antiporter pumps are some examples. This investigation aims to investigate the resistance pattern of penicillin-resistant bacterial strains to some physicochemical agents. Sensitivity/resistance pattern of common bacterial strains to antimicrobial agents were evaluated by disk diffusion assay. Broth and agar dilution method were used for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration. The impact of UV ray on the bacterial growth under laminar flow hood was measured using photonmeter. Our data demonstrates that the most prevalent metal resistance was against arsenate (95.92%), followed by cadmium (52.04%) and mercury (36.73%). There was significant difference between cetrimide resistances among studied microbial strains especially for P. aeruginosa (). High rate of pathogen resistance to various antibacterial agents in our study supports previously published data. This great rate of bacterial resistance is attributed to the emergence of defense mechanisms developed in pathogens. The higher general bacterial resistance rate among Staphylococcus strains rather than E. coli and P. aeruginosa strains draws attention towards focusing on designing newer therapeutic compounds for Staphylococcus strains.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Fresh Red and White Onion (Allium cepa) Extract against Some Drug Resistant Bacteria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
K. Zikora Anyaegbunam ◽  
L. Ogara Amaechi ◽  
C. AnyaegbunamTito ◽  
O. Oniwon Wisdom ◽  
C. Ogechukwu Henrietta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Onion Extract

Antibiotics resistance is currently one of the major challenges in the health care system. The antimicrobial properties of some herbs have been used in the treatment of infectious diseases as well as disinfection of surfaces. This in a way helps overcome microbial resistance arising from indiscriminate use of synthetic antimicrobial agents for similar purpose. Some antibiotic resistant bacteria- Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated from cooking wares in homes were investigated using agar well diffusion and agar dilution method to test for the antibacterial activity of fresh Allium cepa (onion) extract. All were susceptible to the fresh white and red onion extract except Staphylococus aureus which was susceptible to only the white onion extract. The diameter of zones of inhibition ranged from 2 mm-35 mm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (M. I. C.) and the Minimum Bacterial Concentration (M. B. C.) values of the fresh onion juices against the test bacteria were low ranging from 3.125% v/v – 25.0% v/v. This study indicates that the fresh raw extracts of Allium cepa possess significant antibacterial potency against these antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Synthesis of porous activated carbon powder formation from fruit peel and cow dung waste for modified electrode fabrication and application

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 105800
Author(s):  
Rajabathar Jothi Ramalingam ◽  
M. Sivachidambaram ◽  
J. Judith Vijaya ◽  
Hamad A. Al-Lohedan ◽  
M.R. Muthumareeswaran
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Modified Electrode ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Powder Formation ◽  
Electrode Fabrication ◽  
Porous Activated Carbon

Synthesis of Some 5-(substituted benzylidene-2, 4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl) benzoic Acid Derivatives by Conventional and Microwave-assisted Methods and Evaluation of their Potential as Antimicrobial Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-129
Author(s):  
Karuna S. Shukla ◽  
Shailendra Pandey ◽  
Pooja Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Chlorobenzoic Acid ◽  
Benzoic Acid Derivatives

<P>Background: Multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria represent a challenge in the treatment of infections. It is imperative, therefore, that new substances with antimicrobial properties should be searched to fight these microorganisms. Objective: A series of 5-benzylidene-2, 4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl benzoic acid derivatives were synthesized and evaluated their antimicrobial potential. The compounds were synthesized by both conventional and microwave synthesizers. Methods: In this study, a series of 5-benzylidene-2, 4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl benzoic acid derivatives were synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation of 2, 4-thiazolidinedione with substituted aryl aldehydes followed by substitution of 3-amino group with p-chlorobenzoic acid. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral (FT-IR, mass and 1HNMR) and elemental analysis. The compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and a fungal strain by agar well diffusion assay method and solid dilution method. Results: The compounds exhibited appreciable antimicrobial activity. Compound 4-(5-(2- chlorobenzylidene)-2, 4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl)benzoic acid (3f) expressed potent antimicrobial activities against all of the microbial strains examined in this study with MIC values ranging between 0.6-0.8 µg/mL and diameter of the zone of inhibition between 17.2-19.5 mm at the concentration of 200 µg/mL. Conclusion: There was a marked decrease in the reaction time, under mild conditions through microwave synthesis wherein it presented a green approach towards syntheses of the thiazolidinedione derivatives. All compounds exhibited mild to moderate antimicrobial activity. The results of tested bioactive assay showed that the nature of the substituent on the phenyl ring significantly influenced the antimicrobial activity. Among the chloro, bromo and methoxy substituted derivatives, chloro derivative possessed the highest activity followed by bromo and then methoxy. The position of the substituents on the arylidene nucleus also affected the activity and it was found that generally ortho-substituted derivatives showed better antimicrobial activity than others.</P>

scholarly journals The effectiveness of the combination of Moringa oleifera extract and propolis on Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms compared to 0.7% tetracycline

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Hansen Kurniawan ◽  
W. Widyastuti ◽  
Mery Esterlita Hutapea
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that occurs in periodontal tissues. Porphyromonas gingivalis is also known as a bacterium commonly associated with the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Tetracycline is one of the antibiotics often used in periodontal tissue treatment. Propolis and Moringa oleifera are also known to have certain compounds assumed to be able to inhibit biofilm growth. Purpose: This study aims to understand the effectiveness of the combination of Moringa oleifera and propolis on porphyomonas gingivalis biofilms compared to 0.7% tetracycline. Methods: A biofilm inhibition activity test was performed using the broth micro dilution method. First, bacteria were prepared by making a suspension in brain heart infusion media and adjusting it to 0.5 McFarland I standard. Second, fifteen samples were divided into five groups; group K as control group (0.1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), T (0.7% tetracycline), and treatment groups with the combination of propolis and Moringa oleifera in various concentrations, such as P1(10%+20%), P2(10%+40%), and P3(10%+80%). Third, the result data obtained in the form of optical density (OD) was read by using an ELISA reader. Next, statistical analysis using analysis of the variance test was conducted (p<0.05. Results: There was no significant difference between group T and group P1 (0.075). Nevertheless, there were significant differences between group T and group P2 as well as between group T and group P3 (0.00) (p=< 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of 10% propolis and 40% Moringa oleifera as well as the combination of 10% propolis and 80% Moringa oleifera have better antibacterial effectiveness against Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm than 0.7% tetracycline.

scholarly journals Autofluorescence Detection Method for Dental Plaque Bacteria Detection and Classification: Example of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Streptococcus mutans

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Yung-Jhe Yan ◽  
Bo-Wen Wang ◽  
Chih-Man Yang ◽  
Ching-Yi Wu ◽  
Mang Ou-Yang
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Excitation Light ◽  
Red Fluorescence ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Low Pass Filters

The use of fluorescence spectroscopy for plaque detection is a fast and effective way to monitor oral health. At present, there is no uniform specification for the design of the excitation light source of related products for generating fluorescence. To carry out experiments on dental plaque, the fluorescence spectra of three different bacterial species (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Streptococcus mutans) were measured by hyperspectral imaging microscopy (HIM). Three critical issues were found in the experiments. One issue was the unwanted spectrum generated from a mercury line source; two four-order low-pass filters were evaluated for eliminating the unwanted spectrum and meet the experimental requirements. The second issue was the red fluorescence generated from the microscope slide made of borosilicate glass; this could affect the observation of the red fluorescence from the bacteria; quartz microscope slides were found to reduce the fluorescence intensity by about 2 dB compared with the borosilicate slide. The third issue of photobleaching in the fluorescence of the Porphyromonas gingivalis was studied. This study proposes a method of classifying three bacteria based on the spectral intensity ratios (510/635 and 500/635 nm) under the 405 nm excitation light was proposed in this study. The sensitivity and specificity of the classification were approximately 99% and 99%, respectively.

Inhibition of Bacterial Biofilm Formation by Phytotherapeutics with Focus on Overcoming Antimicrobial Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 2807-2816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Su Jang ◽  
Tímea Mosolygó
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Scientific Attention

: Bacteria within biofilms are more resistant to antibiotics and chemical agents than planktonic bacteria in suspension. Treatment of biofilm-associated infections inevitably involves high dosages and prolonged courses of antimicrobial agents; therefore, there is a potential risk of the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Due to the high prevalence of AMR and its association with biofilm formation, investigation of more effective anti-biofilm agents is required. : From ancient times, herbs and spices have been used to preserve foods, and their antimicrobial, anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing properties are well known. Moreover, phytochemicals exert their anti-biofilm properties at sub-inhibitory concentrations without providing the opportunity for the emergence of resistant bacteria or harming the host microbiota. : With increasing scientific attention to natural phytotherapeutic agents, numerous experimental investigations have been conducted in recent years. The present paper aims to review the articles published in the last decade in order to summarize a) our current understanding of AMR in correlation with biofilm formation and b) the evidence of phytotherapeutic agents against bacterial biofilms and their mechanisms of action. The main focus has been put on herbal anti-biofilm compounds tested to date in association with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and food-borne pathogens (Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli).

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