Awareness of Cryo Electro-Tomography among Dental Students

CryoElectronomography (CryoET) is indeed an imaging method used to create high resolution (~1-4 nm) three-dimensional viewpoints of specimen, usually physiological macromolecules as well as cell lines. CryoET is really a highly specialized implementation of scanning electron microscopy cryomicroscopy whereby the specimen are scanned since they are tilted, triggering a series of Image data which can be processed to create a 3d image, analogous to 3D images, similar to a CT scan of the human body. This survey was done for assessing the awareness of Cryo electro tomography amongst dental students. This was a questionnaire oriented cross-sectional type of survey comprising 100 dental college students in Chennai. A self-designed questionnaire comprising ten questions based on the knowledge and awareness aboutCryo-electron tomography amongst dental college students. Questionnaires were circulated through an online website survey planet. The questions explored the awareness of using Cryo-electron tomography as a tool to study various biological applications. After the responses were received from 100 participants, data was collected and analyzed .7% are aware about Cryo Electro-tomography. 3% are aware of the mechanism of action of Cryo Electro-tomography. 5% are aware of the diagnostic applications of Cryo Electro-tomography. 3% are aware of the limitations Cryo Electro-tomography.91% are willing to learn about Cryo Electro-tomography. This study concluded that dental students showed less knowledge and awareness toward Cryo Electro-tomography. There are large gaps in the knowledge and attitudes requiring strong remedial measures.

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A Novel Method for Automated Acquisition of Tilt Series for Electron Tomography Based on Pre-Calibration of the Specimen Stage

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s143192760003823x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 6 (S2) ◽

pp. 1148-1149

Author(s):

U. Ziese ◽

A.H. Janssen ◽

T.P. van der Krift ◽

A.G. van Balen ◽

W.J. de Ruijter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

3D Reconstruction ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Electron Tomography ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Imaging Method ◽

3D Images ◽

Tilt Series ◽

3D Information ◽

Structural Arrangements

Electron tomography is a three-dimensional (3D) imaging method with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that provides high-resolution 3D images of structural arrangements. Conventional TEM images are in first approximation mere 2D-projections of a 3D sample under investigation. With electron tomographya series of images is acquired of a sample that is tilted over a large angular range (±70°) with small angular tilt increments (so called tilt-series). For the subsequent 3D-reconstruction, the images of the tilt series are aligned relative to each other and the 3D-reconstruction is computed. Electron tomography is the only technique that can provide true 3D information with nm-scale resolution of individual and unique samples. For (cell) biology and material science applications the availability of high-resolution 3D images of structural arrangements within individual samples provides unique architectural information that cannot be obtained otherwise. Routine application of electron tomography will comprise a major revolutionary step forward in the characterization of complex materials and cellular arrangements.

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Knowledge and awareness about MERS-CoV among the dental students in Chennai

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3091 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽

pp. 847-851

Author(s):

Nithyanandham Masilamani ◽

Dhanraj Ganapathy

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Large Scale ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Educational Programs ◽

Dental Students ◽

Professional Organizations ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mode Of Transmission

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) induced by new ß coronavirus MERS-(CoV) had first been described in Saudi Arabia in September 2012. MERS-CoV communication inside the population is often identified with clustered households and cramped communal spaces. The purpose of the study is to assess the knowledge and awareness of MERS-CoV among dental students in India. This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey of 100 dental college students in Chennai. The self-designed questionnaires contained ten questions focused on the knowledge and awareness of MERS-CoV amongst dental college students. Questionnaires were circulated through an online website survey planet. After the responses were received from 100 participants, data were collected and analyzed, .87% are aware of MERS-CoV through media 13% from professional channels. 84%are aware of the clinical manifestation of MERS-CoV. 81%Are aware of the mode of transmission of MERS-CoV. 76%are aware of the preventive measures against MERS -CoV.68%. Are aware of the incubation period of MERS-CoV. 74%aware of PCR as a diagnostic test for MERS-CoV. This study concluded that dental students had strong awareness and knowledge of MERS. Also, there are a few differences in information and behaviours that require change. Large-scale health educational programs on MERS also should be facilitated by professional organizations to expand their reach and to strengthen knowledge to have a positive impact on their behaviour.

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Deep learning-based estimation of Flory–Huggins parameter of A–B block copolymers from cross-sectional images of phase-separated structures

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91761-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Katsumi Hagita ◽

Takeshi Aoyagi ◽

Yuto Abe ◽

Shinya Genda ◽

Takashi Honda

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Diblock Copolymers ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Image Data ◽

Real Space ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Regression Problem ◽

Self Consistent Field ◽

Experimental Image ◽

Chain Lengths

AbstractIn this study, deep learning (DL)-based estimation of the Flory–Huggins χ parameter of A-B diblock copolymers from two-dimensional cross-sectional images of three-dimensional (3D) phase-separated structures were investigated. 3D structures with random networks of phase-separated domains were generated from real-space self-consistent field simulations in the 25–40 χN range for chain lengths (N) of 20 and 40. To confirm that the prepared data can be discriminated using DL, image classification was performed using the VGG-16 network. We comprehensively investigated the performances of the learned networks in the regression problem. The generalization ability was evaluated from independent images with the unlearned χN. We found that, except for large χN values, the standard deviation values were approximately 0.1 and 0.5 for A-component fractions of 0.2 and 0.35, respectively. The images for larger χN values were more difficult to distinguish. In addition, the learning performances for the 4-class problem were comparable to those for the 8-class problem, except when the χN values were large. This information is useful for the analysis of real experimental image data, where the variation of samples is limited.

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A guided approach for subtomogram averaging of challenging macromolecular assemblies

10.1101/2020.02.01.930297 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Danielle Grotjahn ◽

Saikat Chowdhury ◽

Gabriel C. Lander

Keyword(s):

Electron Tomography ◽

A Priori ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Structural Heterogeneity ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Macromolecular Assemblies ◽

Cryo Electron Tomography ◽

Subtomogram Averaging

AbstractCryo-electron tomography is a powerful biophysical technique enabling three-dimensional visualization of complex biological systems. Macromolecular targets of interest identified within cryo-tomograms can be computationally extracted, aligned, and averaged to produce a better-resolved structure through a process called subtomogram averaging (STA). However, accurate alignment of macromolecular machines that exhibit extreme structural heterogeneity and conformational flexibility remains a significant challenge with conventional STA approaches. To expand the applicability of STA to a broader range of pleomorphic complexes, we developed a user-guided, focused refinement approach that can be incorporated into the standard STA workflow to facilitate the robust alignment of particularly challenging samples. We demonstrate that it is possible to align visually recognizable portions of multi-subunit complexes by providing a priori information regarding their relative orientations within cryo-tomograms, and describe how this strategy was applied to successfully elucidate the first three-dimensional structure of the dynein-dynactin motor protein complex bound to microtubules. Our approach expands the application of STA for solving a more diverse range of heterogeneous biological structures, and establishes a conceptual framework for the development of automated strategies to deconvolve the complexity of crowded cellular environments and improve in situ structure determination technologies.

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Cryo-Electron Tomography Reveals the Comparative Three-Dimensional Architecture of Prochlorococcus, a Globally Important Marine Cyanobacterium

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.01948-06 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 189 (12) ◽

pp. 4485-4493 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Claire S. Ting ◽

Chyongere Hsieh ◽

Sesh Sundararaman ◽

Carmen Mannella ◽

Michael Marko

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Electron Tomography ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Membrane System ◽

Niche Differentiation ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Comparative Genomic ◽

Photosynthetic Membrane ◽

Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis ◽

Cryo Electron Tomography

ABSTRACT In an age of comparative microbial genomics, knowledge of the near-native architecture of microorganisms is essential for achieving an integrative understanding of physiology and function. We characterized and compared the three-dimensional architecture of the ecologically important cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus in a near-native state using cryo-electron tomography and found that closely related strains have diverged substantially in cellular organization and structure. By visualizing native, hydrated structures within cells, we discovered that the MED4 strain, which possesses one of the smallest genomes (1.66 Mbp) of any known photosynthetic organism, has evolved a comparatively streamlined cellular architecture. This strain possesses a smaller cell volume, an attenuated cell wall, and less extensive intracytoplasmic (photosynthetic) membrane system compared to the more deeply branched MIT9313 strain. Comparative genomic analyses indicate that differences have evolved in key structural genes, including those encoding enzymes involved in cell wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Although both strains possess carboxysomes that are polygonal and cluster in the central cytoplasm, the carboxysomes of MED4 are smaller. A streamlined cellular structure could be advantageous to microorganisms thriving in the low-nutrient conditions characteristic of large regions of the open ocean and thus have consequences for ecological niche differentiation. Through cryo-electron tomography we visualized, for the first time, the three-dimensional structure of the extensive network of photosynthetic lamellae within Prochlorococcus and the potential pathways for intracellular and intermembrane movement of molecules. Comparative information on the near-native structure of microorganisms is an important and necessary component of exploring microbial diversity and understanding its consequences for function and ecology.

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Three-dimensional architecture of outer- and inner-dynein arms in flagella revealed by cryo-electron tomography and single particle analysis

EMC 2008 14th European Microscopy Congress 1–5 September 2008, Aachen, Germany ◽

10.1007/978-3-540-85228-5_13 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 25-26

Author(s):

T. Ishikawa ◽

K. H. Bui ◽

T. Movassagh ◽

H. Sakakibara ◽

K. Oiwa

Keyword(s):

Single Particle ◽

Electron Tomography ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Particle Analysis ◽

Single Particle Analysis ◽

Cryo Electron Tomography ◽

Dynein Arms

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Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Highly Bent Architecture of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus by Using Cryo-Electron Tomography

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.01538-07 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 190 (7) ◽

pp. 2588-2596 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Mario J. Borgnia ◽

Sriram Subramaniam ◽

Jacqueline L. S. Milne

Keyword(s):

Electron Tomography ◽

Cell Envelope ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Local Deformation ◽

Cell Integrity ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Bdellovibrio Bacteriovorus ◽

Internal Network ◽

Cryo Electron Tomography ◽

Shape Changes

ABSTRACT Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus cells are small deltaproteobacterial cells that feed on other gram-negative bacteria, including human pathogens. Using cryo-electron tomography, we demonstrated that B. bacteriovorus cells are capable of substantial flexibility and local deformation of the outer and inner membranes without loss of cell integrity. These shape changes can occur in less than 2 min, and analysis of the internal architecture of highly bent cells showed that the overall distribution of molecular machines and the nucleoid is similar to that in moderately bent cells. B. bacteriovorus cells appear to contain an extensive internal network of short and long filamentous structures. We propose that rearrangements of these structures, in combination with the unique properties of the cell envelope, may underlie the remarkable ability of B. bacteriovorus cells to find and enter bacterial prey.

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X-ray microtomographic imaging and analysis for basic research

Powder Diffraction ◽

10.1154/1.2204956 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 125-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

J. H. Dunsmuir ◽

S. Bennett ◽

L. Fareria ◽

A. Mingino ◽

M. Sansone

Keyword(s):

Spatial Resolution ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Basic Research ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Imaging Method ◽

Structure Property ◽

3D Images ◽

X Ray ◽

Structure Property Relationships ◽

Essential Components

For research facilities with access to synchrotron X-ray sources, X-ray absorption microtomography (XMT) has evolved from an experimental imaging method to a specialized, if not yet routine, microscopy for imaging the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of linear attenuation coefficients and, in some cases, elemental concentration with micron spatial resolution. Recent advances in source and detector design have produced conventional X-ray source instruments with comparable spatial resolution but with lower throughput and without element specific imaging. Both classes of instrument produce 3D images for analysis. We discuss an integrated approach for the implementation of analytical XMT to support basic research into the structure-property relationships of a variety of materials. The essential components include instrumentation for collecting quantitative 3D images, a 3D image processing environment to address questions as to the quantity, composition, geometry, and relationships among the features in one or more images, and visualization to provide insight and communicate results. We give examples of image analysis of resolved and unresolved pore spaces of sandstones.

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