Scope on Medication Errors during Pregnancy ina Sample Iraqi Two Cities Samawah & Diwania.

The pregnancy is sensitive period and administration of drugs may lead to threating of fetus life or cause malformations teratogenicity etc. A cross-sectional study of medication errors of 100 prescriptions dispensed to a pregnant women in a sample of Iraqi two cities (Sammawa & Diwania) during October,2016. The total number of medication errors identified was 364 (74%),included 110 irrational & inappropriate prescribing,47 over prescribing,19 under prescribing,and 8 ineffective prescribing errors. The drug interactions were classified to drug-drug interactions 126 interactions identified and drug food interactions 54 interactions was recorded. 0.8 % of all interactions was major,76 % moderate and 23% mild. Luminal (Phenobarbital) is the drug that caused the most of medication error that identified as it dispensed 23 times but all of these patient luminal was irrational and inappropriate and it caused the most of interactions recorded as 44 interactions was caused by luminal. While duphaston (Dydrogesterone) was prescribed 21 times,and this considered as irrational & inappropriate prescribing. Duvadilane (isoxsuprine) prescribed irrationally 17 times. The parenteral iron administered without sensitivity test nor calculating the dose depending on the body weight and blood Hb.Most of antibiotics and antifungal prescribed for incorrect duration or dose. The other errors were related to other drugs duration,dose and indication errors. Percentage of medication errors were high. Types of medication errors were mostly drug-drug interaction,irrational and inappropriate use. The impact of these medication errors may include teratogenic effect.

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Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing and Potential Clinically Significant Drug–Drug Interactions in Older Outpatients: Is There Any Association?

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55070332 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (7) ◽

pp. 332

Author(s):

Zorica Cvetković ◽

Aneta Perić ◽

Silva Dobrić

Keyword(s):

Drug Interactions ◽

Inappropriate Prescribing ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Potentially Inappropriate Medications ◽

Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inappropriate Use ◽

Inappropriate Drugs ◽

Stopp Criteria ◽

Clinically Significant

Background and Objectives: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence rate of potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP), by using the Screening Tool of Older Person’s potentially inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) criteria in older outpatients, and its association with potential clinically significant drug–drug interactions (csDDIs). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study included 248 outpatients ≥65 years old divided into two groups depending on the presence of csDDIs. For estimating the clinical significance of csDDIs we used Medscape′s "Drug Interaction Checker". We applied the thirty PIP indicators from the STOPP criteria. Results: The presence of PIP (25.00%; all patients) was significantly higher in the group with potential csDDIs compared to the other group (43 vs. 19, respectively; Chi-square test, χ2 = 9.947; p < 0.01). The most common PIP included the inappropriate use of proton pump inhibitors, long acting benzodiazepines, usage of thiazide diuretic in patients with gout, and duplication of therapeutic class. Patients with potential csDDIs had 43 potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) prescribed. Out of this number, 12 (27.91%) PIMs were identified to participate in potential csDDIs. There was a correlation between the number of medications prescribed and the number of PIMs (ρ = 0.297; p < 0.01) and between the number of PIPs and the number of potential csDDIs (ρ = 0.170; p < 0.01). Conclusions: Older outpatients with potential csDDIs in relation to those with no potential csDDIs had significantly more prescribed drugs in total as well as inappropriate drugs. Almost 30% of these PIMs were included in potential csDDIs.

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High rate of major drug–drug interactions of lopinavir–ritonavir for COVID-19 treatment

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-78029-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Juan Macías ◽

Ana Pinilla ◽

Francisco A. Lao-Dominguez ◽

Anaïs Corma ◽

Enrique Contreras-Macias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Drug Interactions ◽

High Frequency ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Charlson Index ◽

High Rate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Concomitant Medications ◽

The Impact ◽

Major Drug

AbstractThe impact of drug–drug interactions (DDI) between ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV-r) to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and commonly used drugs in clinical practice is not well-known. Thus, we evaluated the rate and severity of DDI between LPV-r for COVID-19 treatment and concomitant medications. This was a cross-sectional study including all individuals diagnosed of SARS-CoV-2 infection treated with LPV-r and attended at a single center in Southern Spain (March 1st to April 30th, 2020). The frequency [95% confidence interval (95% CI)] of potential and major DDI were calculated. Overall, 469 patients were diagnosed of COVID-19, 125 (27%) of them were prescribed LPV-r. LPV-r had potential DDI with concomitant medications in 97 (78%, 95% CI 69–85%) patients, and in 33 (26%, 95% CI 19–35%) individuals showed major DDI. Twelve (36%) patients with major DDI and 14 (15%) individuals without major DDI died (p = 0.010). After adjustment, only the Charlson index was independently associated with death [adjusted OR (95% CI) for Charlson index ≥ 5: 85 (10–731), p < 0.001]. LPV-r was discontinued due to side effects in 31 (25%) patients. Management by the Infectious Diseases Unit was associated with a lower likelihood of major DDI [adjusted odds ratio (95% CI): 0.14 (0.04–0.53), p = 0.003). In conclusion, a high frequency of DDI between LPV-r for treating COVID-19 and concomitant medications was found, including major DDI. Patients with major DDI showed worse outcomes, but this association was explained by the older age and comorbidities. Patients managed by the Infectious Diseases Unit had lower risk of major DDI.

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High rate of major drug-drug interactions of lopinavir-ritonavir for COVID-19 treatment

10.1101/2020.07.30.20165027 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Juan Macias ◽

Ana Pinilla ◽

Francisco A Lao-Dominguez ◽

Anais Corma ◽

Enrique Contreras-Macias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Drug Interactions ◽

High Frequency ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Charlson Index ◽

High Rate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Concomitant Medications ◽

The Impact ◽

Major Drug

The impact of drug-drug interactions (DDI) between ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV-r) to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and commonly used drugs in clinical practice is not well-known. Thus, we evaluated the rate and severity of DDI between LPV-r for COVID-19 treatment and concomitant medications. This was a cross-sectional study including all individuals diagnosed of SARS-CoV-2 infection treated with LPV-r and attended at a single center in Southern Spain (March 1st to April 30th, 2020). The frequency [95% confidence interval (95% CI)] of potential and major DDI were calculated. Overall, 469 patients were diagnosed of COVID-19, 125 (27%) of them were prescribed LPV-r. LPV-r had potential DDI with concomitant medications in 97 (78%, 95% CI: 69%-85%) patients, and in 33 (26%, 95% CI: 19%-35%) individuals showed major DDI. Twelve (36%) patients with major DDI and 14 (15%) individuals without major DDI died (p=0.010). After adjustment, only the Charlson index was independently associated with death [adjusted OR (95% CI) for Charlson index ≥5: 85 (10-731), p <0.001]. LPV-r was discontinued due to side effects in 31 (25%) patients. Management by the Infectious Diseases Unit was associated with a lower likelihood of major DDI [adjusted odds ratio (95% CI): 0.14 (0.04-0.53), p=0.003). In conclusion, a high frequency of DDI between LPV-r for treating COVID-19 and concomitant medications was found, including major DDI. Patients with major DDI showed worse outcomes, but this association was explained by the older age and comorbidities. Patients managed by the Infectious Diseases Unit had lower risk of major DDI.

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A study of voice quality in obese Egyptian children

The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology ◽

10.1186/s43163-021-00103-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Asmaa Abdel Hamid ◽

Hend Soliman ◽

Rasha Abdelhalim

Keyword(s):

Voice Quality ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Body ◽

Voice Disorder ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Egyptian Children ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Obesity is considered a health problem that affects many systems of the body among which the respiration and voice. The objective of the study was to analyze the impact of obesity in children on quality of their voice. Thirty obese children were included in this cross-sectional study and compared to 30 age- and sex-matched healthy children as a control group. Voice of cases and controls were assessed subjectively by auditory perceptual assessment and objectively by studying acoustic parameters using Computerized Speech Lab. Flexible laryngoscopy was done for cases with dysphonia. Results Dysphonia perceived in 60% of cases, voice analysis revealed increased jitter and noise to harmonic ratio with significant difference than controls. Conclusion The voice of children with morbid obesity reveals significant modifications pertaining to vocal characteristics in comparison to non-obese persons, so voice hygiene and voice therapy could be added to their therapy program as prophylactic or therapeutic management of voice disorder.

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The moderating role of personal resources in the relationship between psychosocial job demands and health: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015710 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. e015710 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hannes Mayerl ◽

Erwin Stolz ◽

Franziska Großschädl ◽

Éva Rásky ◽

Wolfgang Freidl

Keyword(s):

Job Demands ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Body ◽

Personal Resources ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Mental Strain ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Symptoms ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

ObjectiveThe main objective of this research was to investigate the buffering effects of an individual’s physical, mental and social resources in the relationship between psychosocial job demands and (1) health symptoms, (2) mental strain and (3) the body mass index (BMI), respectively.MethodsWe performed moderated regression analysis to examine data from a large cross-sectional survey of an Austrian employee sample (n=9434).ResultsThe results revealed a robust association between psychosocial job demands and health symptoms as well as mental strain, but only a weak relationship between psychosocial job demands and BMI. Although the personal resources showed a positive effect on health symptoms and mental strain, only weak evidence was found for the hypothesised interaction with psychosocial job demands. Solely the physical fitness of a person was found to mitigate the impact of psychosocial job demands on health symptoms.ConclusionsIn conclusion, personal resources substantially accounted for the prediction of health. However, the interactions between psychosocial job demands and personal resources only slightly contributed to explaining the variation in health.

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Study of the impact of blood lead level on humoral immunity in humans

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1191/0748233702th129oa ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 39-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M ohammad Ayatollahi

Keyword(s):

Blood Lead Level ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Lead Level ◽

Blood Lead ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Body ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

System A ◽

Organ Systems ◽

The Impact

The objective was to study the impact of blood lead level (BLL) on serum immunoglobulin levels (SIL; IgG, IgM, IgA) in people with high-risk professions. It has been characterized that BLL / 25 g/dL can cause dysfunctions in different organ systems of the body, such as the immune system. A cross-sectional study was carried out in relation to this, by using a pretested questionnaire to collect data on demographic factors and socioeconomic status, which was completed by subjects studied, such as car battery shop workers, car painters and welders of car radiators and exhausts, printing office workers (typesetters and nontypesetters) who were aged between 15 and 70 years. Venous blood was sampled to measure the BLL (by atomic absorption spectroscopy) and SIL (by SRID). The results, when analysed, suggested a reduction in SIL with emphasis on IgG in comparison with standard levels.

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STRIA GRAVIDARUM;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.01.2586 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Uzma Nusrat ◽

Sadaf Ahmed Asim ◽

Sahar Soomro ◽

Mehnaz Nuruddin Gitay ◽

Sadia Iqbal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Body ◽

University Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact ◽

Striae Gravidarum

Striae gravidarum (SG) is a physiological skin change that many pregnant women experience during pregnancy. Striae gravidarum seems to be undesirable to many pregnant women but its impact on women’s life is unclear. It is a disfiguring change on the skin of pregnant women presenting atrophic linear scars. They may occur anywhere on the body, though the abdomen, breasts, hips and legs are common. This change has a deep impact on the psychology and quality of life (QoL) of women. The quality of life of pregnant women deteriorates with distressing body image, causing psychological problems.The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of striae gravidarum on the dermatology-specific quality of life (QOL) of pregnant women. Objectives:To evaluate the impact of Stria gravidarum on the dermatology - specific qualoty of life (QOL) among pregnant women.Method:A multi-disciplinary cross-sectional study was conducted among the pregnant women attending the outpatient department at Dow university hospital for antenatal visits in third trimester. Striae gravidarum was assessed by using Dave’s score. After taking informed consent, Skindex 16 dermatology specific QOL questionnaire was used to evaluate the QOL. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version -16. Using Mann Whitney level of significance <0.05.Study Design:A cross sectional study. Duration of Study: January 2016 till January 2017. Place of Study: Department of Dermatology and department of Gynecology, Dow University Hospital, Dow International Medical College (Ojha Campus), DUHS, Karachi.Result:Among 112 pregnant women striae gravidarum was present in 32(28.6%) in primigravida, and 80(71.4%) in multigravida.Severity of striae gravidarum was assessed by using Davey’s score. Pregnant women with severe striae gravidarum showed significantly higher scores on emotion of Skindex-16 compared with those with absent or mild striae gravidarum. Conclusion:It is concluded that due to Striae gravidarum, pregnant females worry more with greater concern regarding their appearance. Their interaction with others was found to be highly affected due to this disfiguring physical change. The symptoms, emotional well-being and functionality differed significantly when the women with mild SG were compared with those with severe SG, though no difference was observed when primiparae subjects were compared with multipara subjects.The occurrence and severity of striae gravidarum influenced their dermatology-specific QOL and it is important to prevent or reduce the severity of striae gravidarum.

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Examining the Frequency and Contribution of Foods Eaten Away From Home in the Diets of 18- to 30-Year-Old Australians Using Smartphone Dietary Assessment (MYMeals): Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.9038 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Lyndal Wellard-Cole ◽

Jisu Jung ◽

Judy Kay ◽

Anna Rangan ◽

Kathy Chapman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Fast Food ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Body ◽

Support Vector ◽

Food Groups ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

BACKGROUND Young Australians aged between 18 and 30 years have experienced the largest increase in the body mass index and spend the largest proportion of their food budget on fast food and eating out. Frequent consumption of foods purchased and eaten away from home has been linked to poorer diet quality and weight gain. There has been no Australian research regarding quantities, type, or the frequency of consumption of food prepared outside the home by young adults and its impact on their energy and nutrient intakes. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the relative contributions of different food outlets (eg, fast food chain, independent takeaway food store, coffee shop, etc) to the overall food and beverage intake of young adults; to assess the extent to which food and beverages consumed away from home contribute to young adults’ total energy and deleterious nutrient intakes; and to study social and physical environmental interactions with consumption patterns of young adults. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 1008 young adults will be conducted. Individuals are eligible to participate if they: (1) are aged between 18 and 30 years; (2) reside in New South Wales, Australia; (3) own or have access to a smartphone; (4) are English-literate; and (5) consume at least one meal, snack, or drink purchased outside the home per week. An even spread of gender, age groups (18 to 24 years and 25 to 30 years), metropolitan or regional geographical areas, and high and low socioeconomic status areas will be included. Participants will record all food and drink consumed over 3 consecutive days, together with location purchased and consumed in our customized smartphone app named Eat and Track (EaT). Participants will then complete an extensive demographics questionnaire. Mean intakes of energy, nutrients, and food groups will be calculated along with the relative contribution of foods purchased and eaten away from home. A subsample of 19.84% (200/1008) of the participants will complete three 24-hour recall interviews to compare with the data collected using EaT. Data mining techniques such as clustering, decision trees, neural networks, and support vector machines will be used to build predictive models and identify important patterns. RESULTS Recruitment is underway, and results will be available in 2018. CONCLUSIONS The contribution of foods prepared away from home, in terms of energy, nutrients, deleterious nutrients, and food groups to young people’s diets will be determined, as will the impact on meeting national recommendations. Foods and consumption behaviors that should be targeted in future health promotion efforts for young adults will be identified.

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Multidisciplinary team decision is rare and decreasing in percutaneous vascular interventions despite positive impact on in-hospital outcomes

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000771 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 262-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Christian-Alexander Behrendt ◽

Tilo Kölbel ◽

Thea Schwaneberg ◽

Holger Diener ◽

Ralf Hohnhold ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multidisciplinary Team ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Invasive Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hospital Outcomes ◽

Vascular Intervention ◽

Medical Specialties ◽

Team Decision ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Background: Worldwide prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is increasing and peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) has become the primary invasive treatment. There is evidence that multidisciplinary team decision-making (MTD) has an impact on in-hospital outcomes. This study aims to depict practice patterns and time changes regarding MTD of different medical specialties. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study design. 20,748 invasive, percutaneous PVI of PAD conducted in the metropolitan area of Hamburg (Germany) were consecutively collected between January 2004 and December 2014. Results: MTD prior to PVI was associated with lower odds of early unsuccessful termination of the procedures (Odds Ratio 0.662, p < 0.001). The proportion of MTD decreased over the study period (30.9 % until 2009 vs. 16.6 % from 2010, p < 0.001) while rates of critical limb-threatening ischemia (34.5 % vs. 42.1 %), patients´ age (70 vs. 72 years), PVI below-the-knee (BTK) (13.2 % vs. 22.4 %), and rates of severe TASC C/D lesions BTK (43.2 % vs. 54.2 %) increased (all p < 0.001). Utilization of MTD was different between medical specialties with lowest frequency in procedures performed by internists when compared to other medical specialties (7.1 % vs. 25.7 %, p < 0.001). Conclusions: MTD prior to PVI is associated with technical success of the procedure. Nonetheless, rates of MTD prior to PVI are decreasing during the study period. Future studies should address the impact of multidisciplinary vascular teams on long-term outcomes.

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