THE USABILITY OF HYDROGEL IN INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF GYPSUM APPLIED TO SALINE-SODIC SOILS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-115
Author(s):  
Ilker ANGIN ◽  
◽  
Ahmet GURLEK ◽  
Serdar SARI
Keyword(s):  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Saturation Extract ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Set Up

This study aimed at the assessment of the usability of hydrogel in increasing the efficiency of gypsum applied to saline-sodic soils. The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions in disturbed soil columns and was set-up in a completely randomized design with six hydrogel application rates (Control, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20% and 0.25% weight/weight (w/w) basis) and with three replications. Hydrogel application to saline-sodic soil had significant effects on leachate pH. The highest leachate pH’s were found in the final leachates in the order of 0.05%>0.10%>0.15%, as 9.12, 9.09, and 9.03, respectively. In all of the application rates tested, the highest electrical conductivity (EC) and Na+ leachate losses were obtained after first pore volume of leaching and then decreased gradually with further leaching. Relative to the control, hydrogel application in the rate of 0.05% increased the leaching of Na+ by 8.1% on total. However, due to the absence of statistically significant effects of the treatments on Na+ leaching, an improvement in soil exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and pH in saturation extract (pHe) values as an indicator of reclamation was not proven. Use of gypsum together with hydrogel increased saturated hydraulic conductivity of soils in the rates of 28.6%-42.6%, which is especially important for reducing the duration for amelioration of saline-sodic soils. Application of hydrogel to saline-sodic soils along with gypsum can be an efficient management option not only for reducing the risk of physiological drought, but also for reducing the amount of time to reclaim saline-sodic soils.

scholarly journals Concentration of injetion solution and its effects on soil and on yield of fertirrigated banana cv. Terra Maranhão

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1104-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugênio F. Coelho ◽  
Torquato M. de Andrade Neto ◽  
Damiana L. Barros
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Urea Concentration ◽  
Injection Solution ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Saturation Extract ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Micro Irrigation

The Fertigation is the combined application of water and nutrients to a crop. It can be adapted to all types of agricultural crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of urea concentration in irrigation water on electrical conductivity of the soil solution and saturation extract along the first cycle of banana cv. Terra Maranhão. The experiment followed a completely randomized design with six treatments and ten replications. Treatments regarded for using three urea concentrations (1.0; 2.5 and 4.0 g L-1) in irrigation water applied by two micro irrigation systems (microsprinkler and drip). Results showed that there was a linear elevation of electrical conductivity of saturation extract and soil solution with the increase on concentration of urea in the injection solution. Urea should be used under concentrations up to 2.5 g L-1 in irrigation water without causing increase on electric conductivity of soil solution and saturation extract, considering 1.1 dS m-1 as the tolerated value for the crop. Nitrate in the soil solution increased significantly with the increase of urea concentration in the injection solution. The maximum concentration of nitrate in the soil occurred for 4,0 g L-1 concentration of the injection solution.

scholarly journals Resistance to nematode Meloidogyne paranaensis in Arabica coffee genotypes introgressed with Coffea liberica

2020 ◽  
pp. 1236-1241
Author(s):  
Gustavo H. Sera ◽  
Filipe G. Carvalho ◽  
Inês C. de B. Fonseca ◽  
Luciana H. Shigueoka ◽  
Santino A. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Reproduction Factor ◽  
Coffea Liberica

The aim of this study was to prove that Arabica coffee introgressed with C. liberica, have resistance to Meloidogyne paranaensis (Mp). Open pollinated fruits were harvested from mother plants of 29 Arabica coffee genotypes from the IAPAR germplasm bank. Seeds were collected from the fruits and were sown to obtain seedlings to test the resistance to Mp. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with 29 coffee genotypes, 8 replications, and one plant per plot. Cultivars Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 and IPR 100 were used as susceptible and resistant checks, respectively. Seedlings with three to four pairs of leaves were inoculated with 1,400 eggs and juveniles J2 of Mp (IP). At 120 days after inoculation, seedlings were evaluated by counting the nematodes per gram of roots, and the final nematodes population was obtained (FP). The reproduction factor (RF) was calculated using the formula: RF = FP/IP. The reproduction factor reduction was used to classify the resistance levels of genotypes, which were classified as highly resistant (HR), resistant (R), moderately resistant (MR), moderately susceptible (MS), susceptible (S) an highly susceptible (HS). All genotypes differed from Catuaí in resistance factor (RF), five of which did not differ from IPR 100 for RF, and only the line IAPAR 15242 had RF < 1.0. Out of 28 Arabica genotypes introgressed with C. liberica, five HR, 11 R, 11 MR and one MS were identified. However, only IAPAR 15242 and IPR 100 were classified as HR and presented 100% of HR plants, but only the first showed an RF < 1.0. Results revealed that these Arabica coffee genotypes with introgression of C. liberica genes have great potential to be used in breeding programs and they are a new alternative as a source of resistance.

The effects of glyphosate and triclopyr on common bryophytes and lichens in northwestern Ontario

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1101-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G Newmaster ◽  
F Wayne Bell ◽  
Dale H Vitt
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Open Forest ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Relationship

The effects of two silvicultural herbicides (Vision®, Release®) on bryophytes and lichens were studied in a harvested boreal mixedwood ecosystem. A completely randomized design with 115 plots of 1 m2 allowed direct comparison between herbicides and their effects on community dynamics. Regression models were used to analyze the relationship between herbicide application rates (0.71-6.72 kg active ingredient/ha) and changes in bryophyte and lichen abundance and species richness for 2 years following herbicide application. Results showed that bryophyte and lichen abundance and species richness decreased after herbicide treatments. In general, herbicide applications reduced the diversity of forest mesophytes and weedy colonizers to an ecosystem with only a few species of colonizers. A combination of clustering techniques and ANOVA were used to divide bryophytes and lichens into three ecologically defined response groups: herbicide-tolerant colonizers, semi tolerant long-term stayers from dry open forest, and sensitive forest mesophytes.

OCDs in Completely Randomized Design Set-Up

2015 ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Premadhis Das ◽  
Ganesh Dutta ◽  
Nripes Kumar Mandal ◽  
Bikas Kumar Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Set Up

scholarly journals In vitro development of Encyclea cordigera in different concentrations of honey

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cibele Mantovani ◽  
Kathia Fernandes Lopes Pivetta
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
In Vitro Development ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Sucrose Medium ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Vitro Development

ABSTRACT: The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effects of different honey concentrations in culture media, in comparison to sucrose medium, for the in vitro development of the epiphytic Encyclea cordigera orchid, in order to improve the process of propagation of the species. The in vitro germination was prepared on a reduced Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium. After 90 days, the seedlings were divided into different treatments, where they remained for another 90 days. Six treatments were set up (30g L-1 of sucrose; 15, 30, 45, and 60g L-1 of honey; and absence of any carbohydrates) in a completely randomized design. Plants were removed from the vials 270 days after the start of the experiment, and the number of roots, length of the largest leaf, length of the longest root, number of leaves, and fresh and dry masses were evaluated. Data concerning the number of leaves and roots were (x+1)1/2 transformed and subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA); the means were compared by a Tukey's test set at 5% probability. Medium containing 60g L-1 of honey proved to be superior to the sucrose medium traditionally used, favoring the in vitro growth and development of Encyclea cordigera. This medium can therefore be recommended for the propagation of this species, which is usually cultivated as an ornamental plant.

scholarly journals Trichoderma Contributes to the Germination and Seedling Development of Açaí Palm

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Bruno Fróes Campos ◽  
Anselmo Junior Corrêa Araújo ◽  
Cristina Aledi Felsemburgh ◽  
Thiago Almeida Vieira ◽  
Denise Castro Lustosa
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Trichoderma Isolate ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Root Size ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

The application of Trichoderma fungus can be used to obtain seedlings of higher quality for plantations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Trichoderma isolates on the germination and initial growth of açaí seedlings. Two trials were set up. In the laboratory, the seeds were inoculated in suspensions prepared with each of the isolates for 24 h, and they were arranged in trays containing filter paper in a completely randomized design with five replicates containing 50 seeds each. For the control, the seeds were submerged only in water. Part of the seedlings resulting from seeds treated and not treated with Trichoderma were transferred to bags containing forest soil and were submitted to seven modes of application of Trichoderma and kept in a nursery. The speed of germination and hypocotyl were not influenced by the biological treatment. The application of the different Trichoderma isolates positively influenced the height, collar diameter, number of leaves, root size, leaf area and root, and aerial part dry mass of the açaí seedlings. The application of the Trichoderma isolate TAM01 on the preplanting substrate and biweekly applications on the postplanting substrate was the combination that most positively influenced the development of açai seedlings.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Pupuk Organik Cair Sebagai Media Produksi Inokulan Azotobacter Chroococcum

Agrologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginawanti Hindersah ◽  
H Yulina ◽  
Ane Nurbaity
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Total N ◽  
Support Cell ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Set Up

Azotobacter chroococcum based biofertilizers have been widely used in the production of environmentally agriculture. For commercial scale, cheap growth media for Azotobcter inoculant  will affect the quality and price of liquid biofertilizer. Growth medium should support cell proliferation as well as its  nitrogen fixation and phytohormone production.  The objective of this study was to determine whether  liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) containing low N can be used as a medium for scaling up  A. chroococcum inoculant without lowering the survival of bacteria and its activity in N2 fixation and phytohormones production. LOF generally contains a complete nutrient although in a small quantities. Experiment was set up in completely randomized design which tested two types of commercial LOF. The results showed that both of  LOF were only able to support cell growth up to 72 hours and at 96 hours cell viability began to decline compared to the control medium,  free-N Ashby. At 72 hour total N and cytokinin  concentration in LOF was lower than those in Ashby media. This study revealed  that LOF  could be used as A. chroococcum growth media, but without optimization of its composition, cell density and cytokinin content would be lower than those of inoculant  in Ashby Media.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Dan Kemerataan Serangga Pada Areal Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L) Setelah Berbagai Metode Aplikasi Insektisida

Agrologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evawani Tomayahu
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Insect Population ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Insecticide Application ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Set Up

Pest is one of the biological limiting factors that led to low production of potatoes. The use of pesticides is a solution in controlling pests. The objective of this study was to determine the diversity and evenness of insect; and potato yield losses due to insecticide applications methods. The treatment was controlled and intensive insecticide application which were compared with no insecticide application.  The experiment was set up in completely randomized design with five replications. The results showed that the insects are dominated by Empoasca sp, Liriomyza sp and Miridae. The highest insect population was Empoasca sp. i.e 80.83 Empoasca sp. which was found in control treatment. Controlled and intensive  application of insecticides decreased insect  population up to 56.50 and 26.17. Evenness index of insect and economic value of lost results unaffected by differences in pesticide application methods

scholarly journals Stability of soybean yield through different sowing periods

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2181-2189 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILMAR FERREIRA LIMA ◽  
JOSÉ FRANCISCO FERRAZ DE TOLEDO ◽  
CARLOS ALBERTO ARRABAL ARIAS ◽  
MARCELO FERNANDES DE OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Variance ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Latitude Range ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Hill Plots

Soybean yield is highly affected by sowing period and there are significant productivity losses when sowings are done outward a relatively restricted period in many regions of Brazil. Breeding cultivars less sensitive to photoperiod and to temperature variations is desirable for adaptation to wider sowing period and wider latitude range and also make irrigated soybean cultivation possible during the fall-winter seasons in frost free regions. The possibility of selecting high yielding and stable lines for yield during various sowing periods was studied by analyzing the behavior of 100 non-selected advanced lines (F9 and F10), from each one of all possible biparental crosses involving the genotypes BR85-29009, OCEPAR 8, FT-2, and BR-13. Experiments were set up in a completely randomized design with single-plant hill plots and received supplementary irrigation. Sowing was on Sept 27, Oct 20, Nov 17, and Dec 17 in 1993/94 and Sept 20, Oct 20, Nov 17, and Dec 14 in 1994/95 at Londrina, PR, Brazil. Procedures of regression analysis and minimum variance among planting date means were efficient for selecting stable lines during the four sowing seasons. It was possible to select stable and high yielding genotypes through the four sowing periods in all the crosses. No specific cross was clearly better to produce a greater number of stable genotypes.

scholarly journals Do Greenhouse Cover Materials Affect Cannabis Performance?

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Antonios MAVROEIDIS ◽  
Dimitrios BILALIS ◽  
Alexandros TATARIDAS ◽  
Ioannis ROUSSIS ◽  
Ioanna KAKABOUKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Set Up

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted in the Agricultural University of Athens in order to evaluate the effect of several greenhouse cover materials on the performance and yield of hemp. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments/greenhouses (G1, G2, G3, G4/Control, and G5). Measurements included plant height, PAR (Photosynthetic Active Radiation), chlorophyll content, solar irradiance, soil and leaf temperature, and yield components (the number of buds, their weight, length, and compact index, CBD content, and CBD yield per plant). The results of the present study suggest that the different polyethylene cover films alter the environment within the greenhouse and thus, affect the agronomic characteristics and yield traits of hemp. G1 reported the best results as it increased soil temperature and PAR values by 11-16% and 50-110% respectively, compared to G4. Concurrently, the majority of the bud characteristics were significantly improved in G1. Even though further research should be conducted in order to define the most suitable films for greenhouse hemp production, our results indicate that the optical properties of the greenhouse cover materials affect its yield and should always be considered.

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