Trichoderma Contributes to the Germination and Seedling Development of Açaí Palm

The application of Trichoderma fungus can be used to obtain seedlings of higher quality for plantations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Trichoderma isolates on the germination and initial growth of açaí seedlings. Two trials were set up. In the laboratory, the seeds were inoculated in suspensions prepared with each of the isolates for 24 h, and they were arranged in trays containing filter paper in a completely randomized design with five replicates containing 50 seeds each. For the control, the seeds were submerged only in water. Part of the seedlings resulting from seeds treated and not treated with Trichoderma were transferred to bags containing forest soil and were submitted to seven modes of application of Trichoderma and kept in a nursery. The speed of germination and hypocotyl were not influenced by the biological treatment. The application of the different Trichoderma isolates positively influenced the height, collar diameter, number of leaves, root size, leaf area and root, and aerial part dry mass of the açaí seedlings. The application of the Trichoderma isolate TAM01 on the preplanting substrate and biweekly applications on the postplanting substrate was the combination that most positively influenced the development of açai seedlings.

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Production of papaya seedlings and initial growth produced in different polyethylene recipients

Scientific Electronic Archives ◽

10.36560/14820211431 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

Author(s):

M. Marcolin ◽

J. A. Massaroto ◽

R. N. Souza ◽

R. R. Rocha

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Initial Growth ◽

State University ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Green Matter ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Polyethylene Bags ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The objective of this study was to evaluate the vegetative and productive performance of papaya seedlings in response to different volumes of containers. The experiment was conducted in a seedling production nursery at the State University of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Campus de Nova Mutum - MT, using a completely randomized design with five replications, in which four sizes of polyethylene bags were tested in the production of seedlings: 10 x 16 cm, 15 x 21 cm, 17 x 27 cm and 20 x 21 The plots were composed of 3 plants. The parameters evaluated at 70 days after sowing were: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, root length, green matter mass and percentage of dry weight of the stem, leaves and roots. The container 17 x 27 cm stood out from the other containers, except for the characteristics of the length of the stem, percentage of dry mass of the stem and leaves where it was equivalent to the container 20 x 21 cm and the percentage of dry mass where all containers were equivalent. The experiment showed that the 17 x 27 cm container is the most recommended for the cultivation of papaya seedlings cultivar Sunrise Solo.

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Nitrogen, potassium, calcium and sulfur omission in grass Convert

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v8i3.2257 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 452-458

Author(s):

Rafaela Pereira Miranda ◽

Marizane Pietroski ◽

Fabiano Bernardo Matos ◽

Getulio Freitas Seben Junior ◽

Gustavo Caione

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Solution Treatment ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Root Size ◽

Mass Accumulation

Intensive use of Brazilian pastures without the maintenance of soil fertility has decreased their productivity and favoring the onset of symptoms of nutritional deficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen, potassium, calcium and sulfur omission in symptomatology, growth and dry mass accumulation in grass Convert. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with a completely randomized design, with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were: full nutrient solution, nitrogen omission (N), potassium omission (K), calcium omission (-Ca) and sulfur omission (S). The variables were the number of tillers, leaf number, root size, shoot height, characterization of symptoms of deficiency and shoot and root dry mass accumulation. The data were submitted to the F test by analysis of variance and comparison of means by Tukey’s test (p <0.05). The omission of N, K, Ca and S limited the development of Convert grass compared to the full nutrient solution treatment, reducing the number of leaves, tillers, height, root size and dry mass production. The nutrient omission modified forage morphology, showing visual symptoms of deficiency of each nutrient evaluated. The decreasing order of onset of symptoms was N, Ca, S and K.

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EMISSÃO DE ÓXIDO NITROSO ASSOCIADO AO USO DE UREIA NO CULTIVO DE MELÃO AMARELO

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i6.5459 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 600

Author(s):

Vanessa Cláudia Vasconcelos Segundo ◽

Renato Innecco ◽

Ebenézer De Oliveira Silva

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Root Part ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Brazilian Northeast ◽

Total Soil Nitrogen

O meloeiro tem grande importância econômica para o Nordeste brasileiro. Entretanto, em seu cultivo utiliza-se insumos que podem prejudicar o ambiente; como, os fertilizantes nitrogenados. Objetivou-se avaliar a emissão de N2O em cultivo de meloeiro amarelo ‘Goldex’. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 0 (controle), 1,0; 1,5 e 2 vezes a quantidade de nitrogênio recomendada para cada estádio. Foi analisado o fluxo de N2O, área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca dos frutos, massa seca da parte radicular, nitrogênio total do solo, das plantas e N (NH4+ e NO3-) do solo. O fluxo de N2O teve comportamento temporal irregular durante a fase de plântulas e crescente na floração. Os tratamentos afetaram significativamente a área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da parte radicular, nitrogênio da parte aérea e parte radicular das plantas e do solo. A aplicação de nitrogênio, em dosagens superiores à recomendada, não aumentou a produção do meloeiro. E o cálculo do fator de emissão mostrou que a emissão do N2O não atingiu valores prejudiciais ao ambiente.Palavras-chave: fator de emissão, efeito estufa e nitrogênio. NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION ASSOCIATED WITH UREA USE THE YELLOW MELON CROP ABSTRACT: The melon has great economic importance for the Brazilian Northeast. However, in its cultivation uses inputs that can harm the environment; Such as nitrogen fertilizers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the emission of N2O in yellow 'Goldex' cultivar. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments were: 0 (control), 1.0; 1.5 and 2 times the amount of nitrogen recommended for each stage. N2O flux, leaf area, leaf number, shoot dry mass, fruit dry mass, dry mass of the root portion, total soil nitrogen, of the plants and N (NH4 + and NO3 -) of the soil were analyzed. The flow of N2O had irregular temporal behavior during the seedling phase and increased in flowering. The treatments affected significantly the leaf area, number of leaves, dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root part, nitrogen of the aerial part and root part of the plants and the soil. The application of nitrogen, in dosages higher than the recommended one, did not increase the production of the melon. And the calculation of the emission factor showed that the emission of N2O did not reach values harmful to the environment.Keywords: emission fator, greenhouse and nitrogen.

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In vitro development of Encyclea cordigera in different concentrations of honey

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20150046 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 590-592 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cibele Mantovani ◽

Kathia Fernandes Lopes Pivetta

Keyword(s):

Culture Media ◽

Leaf Length ◽

In Vitro Development ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Sucrose Medium ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Set Up ◽

Vitro Development

ABSTRACT: The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effects of different honey concentrations in culture media, in comparison to sucrose medium, for the in vitro development of the epiphytic Encyclea cordigera orchid, in order to improve the process of propagation of the species. The in vitro germination was prepared on a reduced Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium. After 90 days, the seedlings were divided into different treatments, where they remained for another 90 days. Six treatments were set up (30g L-1 of sucrose; 15, 30, 45, and 60g L-1 of honey; and absence of any carbohydrates) in a completely randomized design. Plants were removed from the vials 270 days after the start of the experiment, and the number of roots, length of the largest leaf, length of the longest root, number of leaves, and fresh and dry masses were evaluated. Data concerning the number of leaves and roots were (x+1)1/2 transformed and subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA); the means were compared by a Tukey's test set at 5% probability. Medium containing 60g L-1 of honey proved to be superior to the sucrose medium traditionally used, favoring the in vitro growth and development of Encyclea cordigera. This medium can therefore be recommended for the propagation of this species, which is usually cultivated as an ornamental plant.

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CHARACTERIZATION OF SEEDS, SEEDLINGS AND INITIAL GROWTH OF JACARANDA MIMOSIFOLIA D. DON. (BIGNONIACEAE)

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/1806-90882018000400003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Jamille Rabêlo de Oliveira ◽

Clark Alberto Souza da Costa ◽

Antonio Marcos Esmeraldo Bezerra ◽

Haynna Fernandes Abud ◽

Eliseu Marlônio Pereira de Lucena

Keyword(s):

Quality Index ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Germination Process ◽

Length Width ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Jacaranda Mimosifolia

ABSTRACT This research aimed to characterize the biometry of seeds, the morphology of seedlings and to evaluate the initial growth of blue jacaranda trees (Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don.) in two environments with distinct luminosity. The biometry of 100 de-winged seeds was measured by their length, width and thickness. One hundred seeds were sown into 300 cm3 tubes and seedlings morphology was registered throughout the germination process using digital photographs disposed sequentially according to seedlings age. The initial growth analysis was performed in two environments, full sun and greenhouse, during nine periods, and arranged in a complete randomized design with subplots. The response variables were: number of leaves, plant height, collar diameter, root length, aerial and roots dry weight, and Dickson’s Quality Index (DQI). Biometry results showed seeds 7.09 - 9.26 mm long, 6.74 -9.39 mm wide, and 1.11 -1.89 mm thick. Germination is of hypogealphanerocotylar type, with first root arising six days after sown. Plants at full sun presented larger collar diameters, greater root dry weight and higher DQI as evaluation periods passed by. In conclusion, the biometry of seeds and the morphology of seedlings of blue jacaranda can be used to recognize this species in the field. Plants at full sun presented better development. Seedlings cultivated at full sun can be destined to recuperate forests and degraded areas just 36 weeks after sowed.

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Emergência e crescimento de alface (Lactuca sativa L.) submetida a substratos orgânicos

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v12i2.4859 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 348

Author(s):

Franciele Mara Lucca Zanardo Bohm ◽

Adriana Strieder Philippsen ◽

Débora Larissa de Oliveira ◽

Lucas Henrique Teixeira Garcete ◽

Paula Bonomo Bertola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Fresh Mass ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Organic Substrates ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lettuce Growth ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Sustainable System

A agricultura orgânica se destaca como modo de produção que consiste em um sistema sustentável. Um dos desafios desse método de cultivo é a produção de alimentos com qualidade em quantidades suficientes sem comprometer o meio ambiente. Objetivou-se analisar o efeito de substratos orgânicos na germinação e crescimento inicial de alface. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (substratos) e duas repetições. Foram testados os substratos: composto de Sibipiruna, substrato comercial, composto de Sibipiruna com chorume e substrato comercial com chorume. O chorume foi obtido exclusivamente da decomposição de vegetais. Foi avaliado o efeito dos substratos pelo percentual de germinação, massa fresca, massa seca e comprimento da radícula. Pôde-se considerar que houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. As sementes, quando germinadas em substrato de Sibipiruna com chorume, apresentaram maior massa seca e comprimento de radícula. Com relação à massa fresca, os valores obtidos foram maiores quando o chorume foi adicionado a ambos os substratos. O chorume obtido da decomposição de vegetais aumentou a germinação e o crescimento inicial das plântulas.Emergence and growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) submitted to organic substrates<pre>Abstract: Organic agriculture stands out as a mode of production consisting of a sustainable system. One of the challenges of this method of cultivation is the production of sufficient quality food in sufficient quantities without compromising the environment. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of organic substrates on germination and initial lettuce growth. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments (substrates) and two replicates. The substrates were tested: Sibipiruna compound, commercial substrate, Sibipiruna compound with slurry and commercial slurry substrate. The manure was obtained exclusively from the decomposition of vegetables. The effect of the substrates was evaluated by percentage of germination, fresh mass, dry mass and radicular length. It was possible to consider that there was a significant difference between treatments. The seeds, when germinated in substrate of Sibipiruna with slurry, presented higher dry mass and radicle length. Regarding the fresh mass, the values obtained were higher when the slurry was added to both substrates. The slurry obtained from the decomposition of plants increased the germination and the initial growth of the seedlings.</pre>

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Safflower genotypes submitted to soil density levels

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v9i2.2977 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 142-153

Author(s):

Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva ◽

Juliana Tertezinha Sasso Paludo ◽

Tonny José Araújo da Silva ◽

William Fenner ◽

Maurício Dutra Zanotto

Keyword(s):

Soil Structure ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Carthamus Tinctorius ◽

Soil Density ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Crop Development ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Agricultural Use ◽

The Mean ◽

Completely Randomized Design

It is essential to have knowledge of changes in soil structure, as a result of agricultural use and its relationship with crop development, especially those with potential for use in new regions, such as the cultivation of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in the Cerrado. In view of this dynamics, the objective was to evaluate the phytometric components of safflower genotypes submitted to levels of soil densities in Cerrado Oxisol. Ten safflower genotypes were then submitted to compaction (five densities: 1.0, 1, 2, 1.4, and 1.8 Mg m-3) in a completely randomized design with four replications under greenhouse conditions. The plots consisted of an overlap of three rings of polyvinylidene chloride of 0.01 m height each, and the treatments were applied in the intermediate layer. The phytometric components (plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter) and shoot dry mass of the crop were evaluated at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing. There was no significant interaction between safflower genotypes and soil densities, with the effects being isolated for genotypes and/or densities when significant. For the phytometric characteristics evaluated, the genotypes PI250196, PI301049, PI305173, and PI305205 are more stable about the variations of soil density in comparison to the others. The phytometric components and dry mass of safflower shoot are impaired from the mean density of 1.2 Mg m-3.

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Initial Growth of Amburana cearensis in Decomposed Buriti Stem Substrate and Nitrogen Doses

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n7p497 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 497

Author(s):

Augusto Matias de Oliveira ◽

Wéverson Lima Fonseca ◽

Tiago De Oliveira Sousa ◽

Hingrid Raiany Santos Teixeira ◽

Fernandes Antonio de Almeida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Significant Interaction ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Slow Growth ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Initial Development ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

One of the difficulties of producing native species seedlings is slow growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial development of Amburana cearensis (Allem.) A. C. Smith in relation to the concentration decomposed buriti stem substratum and nitrogen doses. A completely randomized design was used in a factorial arrangement of 3 × 5 (proportions of decomposed buriti stem × nitrogen doses), with six replicates. The treatments were formulated substrates comprised of decomposed buriti stem manually mixed with soil (Dystrophic Yellow Latosol) in three proportions (0, 25 and 50%) and five nitrogen doses (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg dm-3) applied in treatments. There was no significant interaction between the DRM and ND factors. However, there was an isolated effect for the following variables: Plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), leaf number (LN), leaf area (LA), dry mass of the aerial part (DMA) and root length (RL). The best concentrations of the substrate for the variables PH, LA and DMA were 25% and 50%, whereas for SD, LN and RL, the best result was 50%. ND and other variables had good responses under recommended doses ranging from a minimum of 264.82 mg dm-3, observed in DMA, and a maximum of 400 mg dm-3, observed in RL. Both factors positively the quality of umburana seedlings.

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Initial growth of cassava plants cv. Mossoró under different water regimes

Revista Agro mbiente On-line ◽

10.18227/1982-8470ragro.v12i3.5155 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 191

Author(s):

Domingos Ferreira De Mélo Neto ◽

Daniel Gomes Coelho ◽

Moab Torres De Andrade ◽

Jandelson De Oliveira Alves

Keyword(s):

Linear Trend ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Severe Water Stress ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Irrigation Levels

The sprouting phase of cassava is critical for the establishment of the plant, with this phase being dependent on soil moisture. As such, this study evaluated the effect of different irrigation levels on the initial growth of cassava cv. Mossoró in semi-arid conditions. The experiment was conducted under completely randomized design conditions with 5 replications. The treatments in pots containing one plant per experimental unit consisted of 5 irrigation levels, 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo, mm day-1), which corresponded to totals for the experimental period of 11.20; 42.15; 73.09; 104.03 and 134.97 mm, respectively. At 30 days after planting, the number of leaves and stems, as well as the dry mass of the shoot and the root had increased sharply for irrigation levels up to 73.09 mm. For higher irrigation levels there was a tendency for plant growth stabilization; however, above 104.03 mm there was a decrease. Shoot and root dry mass ratio showed severe water stress at the 11.20 mm level, being more damaging to root growth. Plant height showed a positive linear trend as the level of irrigation was increased, as opposed to water use efficiency. Therefore, irrigation with 50% replacement of ETo (73.09 mm) provided the best conditions for early growth of cassava.

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Seedlings of cassava varieties are responsive to organic fertilization

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5supl1p2151 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (5Supl1) ◽

pp. 2151

Author(s):

Inácio Mucutai Jala ◽

Caeline Castor da Silva ◽

Juraci Souza Sampaio Filho ◽

Eder Jorge Oliveira ◽

Rafaela Simão Abrahão Nóbrega

Keyword(s):

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Production Costs ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Healthy Plant ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Cassava Varieties

In Brazil, there is already a recommendation for the production of cassava seed-cuttings for the production of seedlings originated from micropropagation, which may be extended for the production of seedlings obtained from cuttings from healthy plant stems, in order to avoid the spread of diseases. Therefore, it is essential to establish adequate cultivation substrates of easy acquisition which may stimulate the growth of seedlings, both to reduce the nursery period, as well as the seedling’s production costs. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of organic fertilizers made from bovine and goat manures, and tree pruning residues, to produce seedlings of three cassava varieties. The plots were set in a completely randomized design, with six replicates. The treatments consisted of three cassava genotypes (BRS Formosa, BRS Tapioqueira and BRS Kiriris) and five proportions of organic fertilizer: soil (0: 100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40 and 80:20). The evaluations were performed 30 and 45 days after planting (DAP). There were isolated effects for shoot dry mass, total dry mass, leaf area and number of leaves. Interactions were verified for root length, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll index, root dry mass and shoot dry mas/root dry mass ratio 45 DAP. The organic fertilizer stimulated the initial growth of cassava seedlings in the three varieties studied in the proportion of 50% of organic fertilizer and 50% of Latosol. Varieties BRS Formosa and BRS Kiriris showed the highest Dickson Quality Scores. Genotypes reacted efficiently to organic fertilization and can be propagated on these easily acquisition cultivation substrates.

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