scholarly journals PPP Loans & State-level Employment Growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Murat Tasci ◽  
Bezankeng Njinju ◽  
Hana Braitsch
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
State Level ◽  
Local Labor Markets

In this Economic Commentary, we focus on the first round of Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans granted beginning in March 2020 until early August 2020, when turbulence in the labor market was pronounced, in order to demonstrate the PPP’s effects on local labor markets. We find that PPP loans helped mitigate the negative impact of the pandemic recession on state-level employment growth. States that received most of their funding early in the loan period had smaller employment declines than did states that received comparable funds later in the period.

Movilidad laboral geográfica en un antiguo enclave minero. La inversión de un mercado de trabajo local

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Contreras Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Labor Mobility ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Local Labor Markets ◽  
Local Labor Market ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Resumen:Este artículo examina los fa c t o res internos y externos a una localidad que son copartícipes en la estructuración y reestructuración de su mercado de trabajo local. A partir de la revisión de la historia social y económica del lugar, se destaca su tránsito de enclave minero a lugar de residencia de mineros y trabajadores de maquiladoras. En este caso, se presenta la constitución de los mercados de trabajo locales como un resultado del encuentro de las condiciones del lugar de residencia de los trabajadores y el lugar donde se encuentra el centro de trabajo. De aquí que la movilidad laboral geográfica aparezca como una de las tácticas de los sujetos ante una situación de desempleo.Palabras clave: Mercado de trabajo, Minería, Maquiladoras, Mineros, Movilidad laboral, Desempleo.Abstract:This article examines the internal and external local factors shaping the structuring and restructuring of a local labor market. By reviewing the social and economic history of the community, this article underlines its transition from a mining setting to a residence place for miners and maquila workers. In this case, the constitution of local labor markets is presented as a result of the condition encounter of both workers residence place and the location of the work place. This is a reason explaining why geographical labor mobility comes to be an actor tactic to face unemployment.Key words: Labor market, Mining, Export-oriented industry, Miners, Labor mobility, Unemployment.

scholarly journals Risk, Recessions and Resilience: Towards Sustainable Local Labor Markets through Employment Portfolio Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7926
Author(s):  
Bharman Gulati ◽  
Stephan Weiler
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Local Labor Markets ◽  
Local Labor Market ◽  
Business Survival ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
New Business

This paper explores the role of local labor market dynamics on the survival of new businesses. The characteristics of the local labor market are likely to influence the survival of new businesses, the level of entrepreneurship, and the resilience of the regional economy. We apply portfolio theory to evaluate employment-based and income-based measures of risk-and-return trade-offs in local labor markets on new business survival in the United States. Our results show that volatility in local labor markets has a positive impact on new business survival, especially in Metropolitan Statistical Areas. The results are robust across different timeframes, including during economic downturns, thus highlighting the contribution of new businesses in developing the resilience of the local economy, and further promoting sustainable regional economic development.

scholarly journals The Economic Underpinnings of the Drug Epidemic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Seltzer
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
State Level ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Transformative Change ◽  
Drug Deaths ◽  
Overdose Deaths ◽  
The U.S

U.S. labor markets have experienced transformative change over the past half century. Spurred on by global economic change, robotization, and the decline of labor unions, state labor markets have shifted away from an occupational regime dominated by the production of goods to one characterized by the provision of services. Prior studies have proposed that deterioration of employment opportunities may be associated with the rise of substance use disorders and drug overdose deaths, yet no clear link between changes in labor market dynamics in the U.S. manufacturing sector and drug overdose deaths has been established. Using restricted-use vital registration records between 1999-2017 that comprise over 700,000 drug deaths, I test two questions. First, what is the association between manufacturing decline and drug and opioid overdose mortality rates? Second, how much of the increase in these drug-related outcomes can be accounted for by manufacturing decline? The findings provide strong evidence that restructuring of the U.S. labor market has played an important upstream role in the current drug crisis. Up to 77,000 overdose deaths for men and up to 40,000 overdose deaths for women are attributable to the decline of state-level manufacturing over this nearly two-decade period. These results persist in models that adjust for other social, economic, and policy trends changing at the same time, including the supply of prescription opioids. Critically, the findings signal the value of policy interventions that aim to reduce persistent economic precarity experienced by individuals and communities, especially the economic strain placed upon the middle class.

scholarly journals Place Based Policies with Unemployment

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Kline ◽  
Enrico Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Housing Market ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Local Labor Markets ◽  
Local Labor Market ◽  
Simple Search

We develop a stylized model of frictional local labor markets with the goal of studying the efficiency of unemployment differences across areas. The model adapts the widely used Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides framework to a local labor market setting with a competitive housing market. The result is a simple search analogue of the classic Roback model that provides a tractable environment for studying the effects of local job creation efforts.

Fluctuations and Rigidities in Local Labor Markets. Part 1: Theory and Evidence

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
G L Clark
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Business Cycle ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Local Labor Markets ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
Us Cities

Cyclical sensitivity in employment, wages, and hours worked are explored with reference to three industries and eleven US cities over the period 1972–1980. Conventional neoclassical discrete-exchange models of the labor market are shown to be inadequate because of marked rigidities in the patterns of short-run adjustment. Money wages are very stable, being dominated by a long-run trend, and firms tend to adjust hours worked and only then employment in the short run. There are, however, significant interregional variations in these patterns within the same industry. Spectral analysis and tests for periodicities in the patterns of residuals derived from trend-line estimates of money wages confirm a supposition that urban Phillips curves do not exist. The evidence supports the implicit notion of contract theory that continuous employer-worker relationships exist over the business cycle. The question of how useful, in general, this theory might be is left open for the present.

De-Territorializing Labor Law

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Mundlak
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Original Intent ◽  
Structural Imbalance ◽  
National Borders

Labor law was traditionally a domestic project, defined on the basis of a geographic territory or a synthetic community; its norms were determined by the state and applied to employers and workers who resided within the state. Commonly, labor law is administered on a territorial basis, applies to incoming workers, and stops at the borders in respect of other states' sovereignty when capital migrates. Globalization affects the background in which labor law operates, including the increased interdependence of markets, the constitution of communities that transcend national borders, and the development of institutions outside and within the nation-state, which displace the locus of regulation from the traditional state level. De-territoriality claims that territory and sovereignty should be understated within the dominion of labor law in order to correct a deep structural imbalance in labor markets. This imbalance was not created by globalization, and as long as it appeared in a consistent yet bounded manner in each and every state, labor law's project was rendered possible by territorial arrangements. With the process of globalization, the territorial solutions previously created within labor law are no longer adequate. When territoriality is adhered to, migrating workers receive partial protection, while migrating capital can easily choose its most convenient forum as a means, inter alia, of undermining labor law's protection to workers. De-territorialization seeks to restore the original intent of labor law's project, which is to level off the distinct strategies that are available to labor and capital in a globalized labor market.

Capitalism and Kinship: Do Institutions Matter in the Labor Market?

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Doeringer ◽  
Philip I. Moss ◽  
David G. Terkla
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
New England ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Institutional Rules ◽  
Labor Adjustment ◽  
Income Sharing

This study examines the determination of employment and pay on capitalist and kinship vessels in the New England fishing industry. Capitalist vessels resemble standard competitive firms in the way that employment and pay respond to changing market conditions; kinship vessels operate under work guarantees and income-sharing rules. These differences in institutional rules lead to different patterns of income, employment, growth, and labor adjustment. The study shows how an understanding of the institutional structure of labor markets can contribute to the design of public policies to facilitate adjustment to change and to promote industrial growth.

Global Labor Market, “Re-Shoring” Dynamics, and Skill Mismatch

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-143
Author(s):  
Filippo Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Transaction Cost Economics ◽  
Local Labor Markets ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Global Labor Market ◽  
Operational Activity ◽  
Educational Path ◽  
A Company

Workers' capabilities and knowledge are factors that a company can use to boost its productivity. The relocation of operational activity away from industrialized nations has led to the erosion of manufacturing skills, and this fact often results in a severe skill shortage in specific local labor markets, becoming much more prominent in the case of re-shoring. Consistent with the transaction cost economics approach (TCE), the purpose of this research was to verify if students possess at least basic skills at the end of their educational path to face the labor market without economic frictions in school-to-work transition. Finally, this chapter presents a model that could be useful in order to design programs aimed to overcome the erosion of manufacturing skills and provide students with skills that companies need to deal with local labor markets successfully.

Innovative characteristics of the labor market subjects: analysis and main directions of formation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Андрей Рабцевич ◽  
Andrey Rabcevich
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Local Labor Markets ◽  
Regional Labor Market ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
Regional Labor ◽  
Economic Nature ◽  
Innovative Orientation

The monograph is devoted to the study of peculiarities of identification and analysis, as well as methods of formation of the innovative characteristics of the main subjects of the labor market - the employee and the employer. The author defines the condition and activities of employees and employers as the object of economic analysis, reveals the possibility of studying the characteristics of these labor market subjects. The set of innovative characteristics of the employee includes the entrepreneurial initiative of the population, the professional level and adequacy to modern requirements of the labor market. In turn, the innovative characteristics of the employer includes the current level of production efficiency, the level of production activity in innovative development, as well as the quality and reproduction of workplaces. Then in the monograph proposed the methodic of analysis of the labor market subject's characteristics compliance to the innovative development of economy based on the «Pattern» method with the elements of linear scaling. In this methodic the regional labor market is perceived as a system of municipal (local) components, respectively, conducted the analysis of the innovative orientation (level of development of innovative characteristics) of Bashkortostan Republic labor market subjects in the context of labor markets of urban districts and municipal areas. The results of testing the proposed methodic allows performing grouping and typologization of situations on the local labor markets in the region by the degree of formation of the innovative characteristics of the labor market subjects, and also allows to identify the characteristics of employees and employers, which received the weak development within the local labor markets of the Bashkortostan Republic The author offers an original mechanism for increasing the willingness of the employees to the innovative development of regional economic system, as well as the mechanism of activation of innovative processes in the economy through integrated development of the employers innovative characteristics which is a systems of directions of normative-legal, organizational and economic nature and systems of measures and methods of influence on the characteristics of labor market subjects to improve their readiness for implementation of tasks of innovative development of economy. In addition, the necessary conditions for improving the level of innovative orientation of constituent entities of regional labor market are represented. Designed for students, postgraduates, employees of scientific research organizations and higher educational institutions, specialists in public administration, who interested in a comprehensive study of the labor market and methods of solving socio-economic problems of the territories through the interaction between employees and employers.

Capitalism and Kinship: Do Institutions Matter in the Labor Market?

ILR Review ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Doeringer ◽  
Philip I. Moss ◽  
David G. Terkla
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
New England ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Institutional Rules ◽  
Labor Adjustment ◽  
Income Sharing

This study examines the determination of employment and pay on “capitalist” and “kinship” vessels in the New England fishing industry. Capitalist vessels resemble standard competitive firms in the way that employment and pay respond to changing market conditions; kinship vessels operate under work guarantees and income sharing rules. These differences in institutional rules lead to different patterns of income, employment, growth, and labor adjustment. The study shows how an understanding of the institutional structure of labor markets can contribute to the design of public policies to facilitate adjustment to change and to promote industrial growth.

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