Os Circuitos Pecuários E A Febre Aftosa No Brasil: Uma Análise Histórico-Institucional / Livestock Circuits And Fmd In Brazil: A Historical-Institutional Analysis

Author(s):  
Geraldo Marcos de Moraes ◽  
Marlon Vinícius Brisola ◽  
Vitor Salvador Picão Gonçalves

A febre aftosa representa ainda hoje importante ameaça econômica para os países produtores e exportadores de leite, couro, carnes e seus derivados das criações de bovinos, suínos, ovinos, caprinos e bubalinos. Considerando o Brasil detentor do maior rebanho bovino comercial do mundo e de importantes criatórios de outros biungulados, a trajetória de seu controle, contudo, somente veio a demonstrar importantes avanços a partir da década de 1990. Tal sucesso, representado hoje por mais de 77% de seu território incluído na zona livre da doença, restando apenas três estados para que todo o país seja considerado livre, é resultado de avanços institucionais decorrentes de empenho público e movimentos público-privados. As motivações de tal empenho repercutiram em notáveis ações de complementaridade institucional entre atores diretamente envolvidos com as consequências da doença: pecuaristas, exportadores e representações governamentais responsáveis pelo controle sanitário no país e no continente latino-americano. Neste estudo, faz-se uma revisão histórica da evolução institucional em torno do combate à doença no Brasil e dos avanços a partir dele. Destacam-se, nesse contexto, as ações não promissoras do governo federal antes da década de 1970 e os progressos decorrentes das ações ocorridas sob a coordenação do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento – MAPA, com a participação ampla dos diferentes segmentos do setor agropecuário, a partir de 1990.   ABSTRACT The Food and Mouth Disease is still important economic threat to the producing countries and exporters of milk, leather, meat and other products from cattle creations, pigs, sheep, goats and buffaloes. Considering Brazil has the largest global cattle herd and important breeders of other cloven-hoofed animals, the trajectory of their control, however, only came to demonstrate significant progress from the 1990s. Such success, represented today by more than 77% of its territory considered free zone of the disease is the result of institutional advances arising from public engagement and public-private movements. The motivations of this commitment reverberated in notable institutional complementarity of actions between actors directly involved with the consequences of the disease: farmers, exporters and government representatives responsible for health control in the country and in the Latin American continent. This study brought a historical review of institutional development around the fight against the disease in Brazil and advances from it. In this context, very few progress was observed of the federal government actions before the 1970s and progress resulting from meetings held under the coordination of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply - MAPA, with the broad participation of different segments of the agricultural and livestock sector, from 1990.

1975 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Redick

The Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America (Treaty of Tlatelolco) was signed in 1967 and is now in force for eighteen Latin American nations (the important exceptions being Argentina and Brazil). Under the terms of the treaty the Organization for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America (OPANAL) was established in 1969. With headquarters in Mexico City, OPANAL is a sophisticated control mechanism composed of three principal organs: a General Conference, Council and Secretariat. This article examines the effort to establish regional nuclear weapons free zone in Latin America and analyzes the ability of the Tlatelolco Treaty to provide the legal and political framework for containment of the growing military potential of Latin American nuclear energy programs. Particular attention is given to the positions of key Latin American nations within the region, nuclear weapons states, and those nations retaining territorial interest within the nuclear weapons free zone. In addition several policy options are advanced which could facilitate the more complete implementation of regional nuclear arms control in Latin America.


Author(s):  
E. Dabagyan

The author puts forward and substantiates a thesis about the transformation of Brazil into an important actor of the international relations. This becomes possible because a number of factors, including the well-designed, multi-tasked and balanced foreign policy strategy. It was founded during the military regime. Then, it was maintained and developed by the civilian Brazilian governments, primarily by such an outstanding figure as the president L. da Silva. His successor D. Rousseff s in a short period of time managed to gain a solid international reputation. She successfully copes with the mission to lead Brazil into the club of world’s great powers. To perform this task Brazilian government constantly makes efforts to strengthen relations with the neighbors on the Latin American continent, to gradually smoothen tensions with the United States. Also, it closely works with the countries of BRICS, contributes to building bridges between the South and the North, as well as actively participates in the activities of international organizations and the settlement of contentious issues in the world.


Author(s):  
E. Dabagyan

The article deals with a number of problems associated with the growing presence of China in the Latin American continent. The author emphasizes that mutual interest is based on economic factors. In particular, the rapidly developing Chinese economy needs more raw materials and agricultural products, which are available in abundance in Latin America. At the same time, the countries of the continent are interested in freeing from orientation solely to the United States and in a diversification of external relations. The present bilateral and multilateral agreements and treaties between China and Latin America showed a strengthening of trade and economic cooperation. But Beijing's strategy is based on a model of exchange of raw materials to finished products. This causes some resentment on the part of Latin American experts and entrepreneurs.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Sola ◽  
Susana Rodríguez ◽  
Alejandro Young ◽  
Lourdes Lemus Varela ◽  
Ramón Mir Villamayor ◽  
...  

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is among the four most common causes of infant mortality in Latin America. Pulse oximetry screening (POS) is useful for early diagnosis and improved outcomes of critical CHD. Here, we describe POS implementation efforts in Latin American countries guided and/or coordinated by the Ibero American Society of Neonatology (SIBEN), as well as the unique challenges that are faced for universal implementation. SIBEN collaborates to improve the neonatal quality of care and outcomes. A few years ago, a Clinical Consensus on POS was finalized. Since then, we have participated in 12 Latin American countries to educate neonatal nurses and neonatologists on POS and to help with its implementation. The findings reveal that despite wide disparities in care that exist between and within countries, and the difficulties and challenges in implementing POS, significant progress has been made. We conclude that universal POS is not easy to implement in Latin America but, when executed, has not only been of significant value for babies with CHD, but also for many with other hypoxemic conditions. The successful and universal implementation of POS in the future is essential for reducing the mortality associated with CHD and other hypoxemic conditions and will ultimately lead to the survival of many more Latin American babies. POS saves newborns’ lives in Latin America.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
Maria de Fatima Silva do Carmo Previdelli ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Simoes de Souza ◽  
Rodolfo Francisco Soares Nunes

Since the start of the commercial war between the USA and China in 2018, Brazil has changed many of its previous alliances in order to become the interest representative of the USA in Latin America. After the coup d’état of 2016, Brazil has taken progressive actions in order to distance itself from the previous partners at BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) to get closer to the USA. The arrival of the new Brazilian president in 2019, a declared representative of US interests in the Latin American continent, has increased the pace of such measures. This article aims to explain the main actions taken by the USA and China in that context and how Brazil has adapted to take sides in that scenario, moving away from the BRICS group (now RICS since the B stands for Brazil) and toward the US foreign and economic policies.


Politeja ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1(58)) ◽  
pp. 283-299
Author(s):  
Anna Ratke-Majewska

Founding Myths without Borders in the Context of Latin American Nations Founding myths have a special place in the process of creating and sustaining the existence of a nation. A characteristic feature of this type of myths, often also of heroic myths, is that they are adequate only for one nation. However, it is different in Latin America, where some founding myths can be discussed in the context of several Latin American nations living in separate states of the region. The specificity of the Latin American continent has set the primary goal of this text, which is to answer the question of how the founding myths of the Latin American nations are shaped.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1227-1242
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Mendes De Souza ◽  
Juliana Villela Junqueira ◽  
Maria Margareth Escobar Ribas Lima ◽  
Érika Santos Silva ◽  
Mariana De Barros Casagranda Akamine

As part of the studies developed by the University Network of the Latin American Integration Route (UniRila), this proposal intends to contextualize the municipality of Porto Murtinho in the process of occupation of the interior of the South American continent, understanding the Latin American Integration Route (RILA) as the culminating event of the process of territorialization-deterritorialization-reterritorialization of the region. For this purpose, historical, economic, geographic and geological aspects are considered, without which the conditions of urbanization would not be fully understood and public policies would be deficient. Thus, it is intended to draw attention to the impact that the production and export of commodities has on the territory in question.


2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (309) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Raúl Rosales Carreño

Este artículo quiere ser una mirada retrospectiva a uno de los acontecimientos claves de la historia de la iglesia católica del Continente tanto porque adquirió su madurez como iglesia latinoamericana, como porque comenzó a tener una nueva comprensión postcolonial de la realidad del Continente. A los cincuenta años de este magno acontecimiento realizamos un recorrido literario al diagnóstico que hicieron los obispos católicos reunidos en Medellín. Revisitamos la imagen de nueva sociedad que proyectan y nos gozamos de la profunda cercanía que presentan respecto a las grandes transformaciones que se viven en América Latina y el Caribe hacia fines de la décadas de los 60. Podemos palpar así la cuna que da origen a una iglesia profética que más allá de toda cristiandad retoma centralmente su seguimiento de Jesús de Nazaret, tal como lo pide el papa Francisco actualmente. Como dice Medellín: “es el momento de inventar con imaginación creadora la acción que corresponde realizar, que habrá de ser llevada a término con la audacia del Espíritu y el equilibrio de Dios” (Introducción, 3).Abstract: This article hopes to have a retrospective look at one of the key events of the Catholic Church’s history in the Latin-American Continent both because it has reached its maturity as Latin-American Church and because it started to have a new postcolonial understanding of the Continent’s reality. On the fiftieth anniversary of this great event we carry out a literary exam of the diagnosis made by the Catholic bishops gathered in Medellin. We revisit the image of the new society that they project and enjoy the deep understanding they present with regard to the great transformations that people were going through in Latin America and in the Caribbean towards the end of the 1960s. We can thus get to know clearly the cradle that gave origin to a prophetic church, a Church that far more than all Christianity has retaken its following of Jesus of Nazareth, just as Pope Francisco requests at present. As Medellín said: “this is the moment to invent with a creative imagination the action that we must carry out and that will be carried action that we must carry out with the boldness of the Spirit and God’s equilibrium” (Introduction, 3).Keywords: Conference of Medellín; Documents of Medellín; Literary analysis; Social proximity; Following Jesus of Nazareth; Prophetism.


2016 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
E. . Astakhov

The paper analyses recent trends in foreign policy of Latin-American countries, in particular their approaches to the cooperation with BRICS. The main attention is paid to the analysis of Brazilian policy towards BRICS. Brazil is the only country which represents Latin-American continent in BRICS and has excellent possibilities to enter “the club of the Great Powers”.


2020 ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Svetlana CEBOTARI ◽  
Carolina BUDURINA-GOREACII

One of the problems that are present not only on the international arena, but also on the work table, in the laboratories of virologists, in the scientific discourse of polymologists, political scientists, economists and specialists in other fields refers to the problem of the impact of COVID-19 virus on conflict zones. Although in the first three months of 2020 all the attention of the international community was focused on the emergence of COVID-19 virus and its impact on citizens, society and interpersonal relationships, it is worth paying attention to the conflict zones present in the world. At the end of the virus emergence, the international community's attention to conflict zones seems to be redirected to the issue of COVID-19. The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of COVID-19 virus on conflict zones that are present on the international arena, such as those on the African continent, the Middle East, the Latin American continent and Europe.


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