scholarly journals Effect of Selenium-Arabinogalactan Nanocomposite on the Colonization of Potato Plants in vitro by the Ring Rot Pathogen

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
A. I. Perfileva ◽  
◽  
O. A. Nozhkina ◽  
I. A. Graskova ◽  
N. S. Zabanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Potato Root ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Pathogen Colonization ◽  
Root Tissues

It has been previously shown that the chemically synthesized nanocomposite of selenium with arabinogalactan (NC Se/AG) is characterized by antibacterial effect upon the agent of ring rot – gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter sepedonicus (Cms), with the NC Se/AG having no negative effect on potato plants. In the present paper, it has been found that, 1 hour after the treatment of the NC Se/AG, a substantial elevation of lipid peroxidation products was observed in potato root tissues. This supports earlier results on the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in potato root tissues under the influence of NC Se/AG. It is proposed that the increased ROS content in potato may inhibit pathogen colonization of plants. This has been tested by seeding homogenised plant tissues of various potato zones (roots, stems, shoot apex zone) onto the nutrient medium. In plants infected with Cms and untreated with the NC, the number of colony forming units (CFUs) of Cms has been shown to be numerous both in potato culture medium and in root and stem tissues. In shoot apex zone of such plants, it has been revealed, bacteria also present, but in smaller quantities. Similar data have been obtained by seeding homogenised tissues from roots and stems of potato plants treated with the NC followed by infection with Cms. However, seeding from shoot apex zones of the plants has been given 4 times less CFUs than from potato plants not treated with the NC. The effect of the NC Se/AG upon the pathogen colonization of plants appears to depend on the titre of the microorganism. In shoot apex zone of plants, characterized with small number of CFUs of Cms, the pathogen growth has been decreased. For the first time, Cms bacteria in potato plant tissues in vitro have been visualized with the aid of scanning microscopy.

scholarly journals Selenium Nanocomposites in Natural Matrices as Potato Recovery Agent

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4576
Author(s):  
Alla I. Perfileva ◽  
Olga A. Nozhkina ◽  
Tatjana V. Ganenko ◽  
Irina A. Graskova ◽  
Boris G. Sukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhodococcus Erythropolis ◽  
Soil Bacterium ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Potato Ring Rot ◽  
Potato Plants In Vitro

The paper presents a study of the effect of chemically synthesized selenium nanocomposites (Se NCs) in natural polymer matrices arabinogalactan (AG) and starch (ST) on the viability of the potato ring rot pathogen Clavibacter sepedonicus (Cms), potato plants in vitro, and the soil bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis. It was found that the studied Se NCs have an antibacterial effect against the phytopathogenic Cms, reducing its growth rate and ability to form biofilms. It was revealed that Se NC based on AG (Se/AG NC) stimulated the growth and development of potato plants in vitro as well as their root formation. At the same time, Se did not accumulate in potato tissues after the treatment of plants with Se NCs. The safety of the Se NCs was also confirmed by the absence of a negative effect on the growth and biofilm formation of the soil bacterium R. erythropolis. The obtained results indicate that Se NCs are promising environmentally safe agents for the protection and recovery of cultivated plants from phytopathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF NANOSCALE SELENIUM ON THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF RING ROT AND POTATO IN VITRO

2019 ◽  
pp. 345-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Alekseyevna Graskova ◽  
Alla Innokent'yevna Perfileva ◽  
Ol'ga Aleksandrovna Nozhkina ◽  
Anastasiya Vyacheslavovna Dyakova ◽  
Vadim Nikolayevich Nurminsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Bacteriostatic Effect ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
High Selenium

The biological activity of biopolymer-based selenium nanocomposite with a high selenium content of 6.4% was investigated. It was shown earlier that nanocomposites of selenium and arabinogalactan (NC Se/AG, 1.23% and 3.4% Se) have a bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect on the pathogenic bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms) and do not adversely affect the vitality of potato plants in vitro. In this work, it was shown that the nanocomposite under scrutiny has a bacteriostatic effect, inhibits bacterial growth by 20% compared with the check variant and reduces the ability of Cms to form biofilms, which contribute to their high resistance to external factors. In the experiments conducted on plants, it was shown, there was not negative effect of NC Se/AG on biometric parameters, furthermore, this NC reduces the negative effect of potato infection with Cms. The nanocomposite reduced the activity of peroxidase and the content of reactive oxygen species in potato tissues. It was established that selenium does not accumulate in potato plants after the treatment with NC Se/AG. The results obtained allow us to consider NC Se/AG (6.4% Se) as an agent for healing cultivated plants from pathogenic bacteria.

Selenium Nanocomposites Having Polysaccharid Matrices Stimulate Growth of Potato Plants in Vitro Infected with Ring Rot Pathogen

2019 ◽  
Vol 489 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Perfileva ◽  
O. A. Nozhkina ◽  
I. A. Graskova ◽  
A. V. Dyakova ◽  
A. G. Pavlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Plants ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Potato Plants In Vitro

Effect of tuber-borne micro-organisms on hatching activity of potato root leachate towards potato cyst nematodes

Nematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Aileen Ryan ◽  
Peter Jones
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Potato Root ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Micro Organisms

AbstractPotato cyst nematodes hatch in response to hatching factors (HF) present in potato root leachate (PRL). The much higher spontaneous hatch (hatch in the absence of potato plants or PRL) of both Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida in sand (32.2 and 21.1%, respectively) compared to in vitro (6.0 and 4.8%) experiments suggested the presence of other hatching factor-producing organisms in the non-sterile sand. When sterile PRL (from aseptically cultured microplants) and non-sterile PRL (from aseptically cultured microplants grown in the presence of tuber washings) samples were collected and assayed for hatching activity, the in vitro hatch of both PCN species but particularly of G. pallida was greater in non-sterile PRL. When these samples were fractionated on Sephadex G-10 by low pressure liquid chromatography and the fractions tested for hatching activity, the non-sterile PRL produced more hatching factors (HF) than the sterile PRL; in the fractionated sterile PRL only one significant HF (active towards G. pallida) was observed, compared to six (towards G. pallida) and three (towards G. rostochiensis) HF from the non-sterile PRL, with two HF being active towards both species. The non-sterile PRL appeared to produce more hatching factor stimulants (HS) and fewer hatch inhibitors (HI) than the sterile PRL. These results suggest that soil micro-organisms play an important role in the production of hatching chemicals and it is proposed that the differences in HF profiles between sterile and non-sterile PRL were due, at least in part, to increased HS production in the non-sterile PRL.

scholarly journals The effect of metal-containing biocomposites of fungal origin on potato plants in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-423
Author(s):  
O. M. Tsivileva ◽  
A. I. Perfileva ◽  
A. G. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Extracellular Metabolites ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Potato Resistance

The effect of metal (II)-containing composites based on extracellular metabolites of basidiomycetes Pleurotus ostreatus, Ganoderma lucidum, Grifola umbellata and Laetiporus sulphureus on the viability and response of potato plants in vitro has been investigated. The Lukyanovsky variety of potato, which is susceptible to ring rot, caused by the bacterium Clavibacter sepedonicus, was studied. The parameters investigated included biofilm formation by Clavibacter sepedonicus, various morphometric parameters of plants and the phytotoxicity of substances of fungal origin. The greatest anti-biofilm-forming effect was observed in metal-containing biocomposites based on G. lucidum; Fe- and Co-containing biopreparations inhibited the formation of Clavibacter sepedonicus biofilms by 40–50%. The plant height was adversely affected by composites, in the absence of metal (II), derived from L. sulphureus and P. ostreatus, as well as by a Co-containing composite derived from P. ostreatus. The decrease in plant growth, in comparison with the control, can be associated with the pronounced antibiotic properties of these basidiomycetes and cobalt. The remaining biocomposites studied did not have an adverse effect on the growth of potatoes in vitro. A number of morphometric parameters (length of internodes, number of leaves) remained virtually unchanged when exposed to biocomposites of fungal origin. In contrast to the vegetative part of plants, the biomass and length of the roots increased by 10–20% under the influence of biocomposites. Copper-containing composites derived from G. lucidum had no phytotoxic effect on plants and enhanced potato resistance to Clavibacter sepedonicus. The beneficial properties of biocomosites may be judged by the degree of stimulation of the physiological processes underlying the formation of the underground part of the plants, which is a prerequisite for increasing yields. The biocomposites are environmentally friendly because of their natural origin and being effective at very low doses. The results obtained using metal-containing biocomposites derived from G. lucidum and Gr. umbellata demonstrate the safety and possible improvement in health of potato plants by using biocomposites derived from cultures of higher fungi.

scholarly journals Expression of PR genes and genes of heat shock proteins of potato plants in vitro under infection with ring rot and heat stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
V. N. Nurminsky ◽  
A. S. Stolbikov ◽  
A. V. Pomortsev ◽  
A. I. Perfileva
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Pr Genes ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Potato Plants In Vitro

scholarly journals Jasmonic acid enhances the resistance of potato plants in vitro to salt stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 488 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-689
Author(s):  
M. V. Efimova ◽  
E. A. Mukhamatdinova ◽  
I. S. Kovtun ◽  
F. Kabil ◽  
Y. V. Medvedeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Salt Stress Condition ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Growing Conditions

The protective effect of jasmonic acid (JA) was evaluated under stress (100 mM NaCl) condition. The investigations were carried on potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) of the mid-season variety Lugovskoy. Plant-regenerants were grafted and cultured in test tubes on modified Murashige-Skoog agar medium in the absence (control) or in the presence of JA at concentrations of 0.001; 0.1 and 10 M under optimal growing conditions or with the addition of NaCl. After 28 days of cultivation, growth (length of stem and root, number of tiers and leaves, plant mass) and physiological (proline content and photosynthetic pigments, determination of the osmotic potential of cell exudate) of the plants were assessed. For the first time it has been shown that jasmonic acid (0.1 and 10 M) manifests a pronounced protective effect on potato plants under salt stress condition. The protective effect based on the partial removal of the salt negative effect on the main photosynthetic pigments and the maintenance of the osmotic status of cell contents during salinization.

Purification and partial characterisation of hatching factors for the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis from potato root leachate

Nematology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Devine ◽  
Peter Jones
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Potato Root ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Partial Characterisation

AbstractHatching factors with activity towards Globodera rostochiensis were isolated from the root leachates produced by 1500 potato plants grown in gravel. In total, nine hatching factors, each with molecular weight 530.5 Da, were isolated. The main differences in the daughter ions produced from different hatching factors after fragmentation by mass spectrometry occurred between 245 and 500 Da. The main hatching factor, HF E, was found in extremely low concentrations in the leachate (less than 2.9 × 10­5% of recovered organic material) and was active in vitro at less than 2.1 × 10­8 M. Separation of the different hatching factors during purification was found to decrease the percentage hatch achieved in vitro at optimum concentration. Aus Wurzelablaufwasser von 1500 in grobem Sand gehaltenen Kartoffelpflanzen wurden gegenüber Globodera rostochiensis wirksame Schlüpffaktoren isoliert. Insgesamt wurden neun Schlüpffaktoren isoliert, jeder mit einem Molekulargewicht von 530.5 Da. Die grössten Unterschiede bei den Tochterionen, die bei einer Zerlegung durch Massenspektrometrie erzielt wurden, traten zwischen 245 und 500 Da auf. Der Hauptschlüpffaktor, HF E, wurde in extrem niedrigen Konzentrationen (weniger als 2.9 × 10­5% des gewonnenen organischen Materials) im Ablaufwasser gefunden. Er war in vitro noch bei weniger als 2.1 × 10­8 M wirksam. Eine Trennung der verschiedenen Schlüpffaktoren im Laufe der Reinigung verminderte den prozentualen Schlupf in vitro bei optimaler Konzentration.

scholarly journals Categorisation of reactions and enumeration of bacteria in potato cultivars inoculated with the causal agent of bacterial ring rot

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Pánková Iveta ◽  
Krejzar Václav ◽  
Krejzarová Radka
Keyword(s):  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Bacterial Ring Rot ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Foliage Symptom ◽  
Symptom Group

Variability in the responses of plants propagated from in vitro tissue cultures of 52 ware and industrial potato cultivars to different Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus inoculum size was tested during 2015–2017. Bacterial ring rot symptoms on plants and tubers xylem vessels were recorded for 8 weeks and the susceptibility index (SI) for individual cultivars was calculated. Based on foliage symptoms, potato cultivars were placed into three symptoms groups. The symptomless group had SIs ≤ 1, for the moderate symptom group SIs ranged from 1.01 to 2.99, and the severe symptom group had SIs ≥ 3.0. The pathogen concentrations in vascular vessels of all infected potato plants increased during the experiment regardless of the foliage symptom group.

The role of silicon in forages: A quantitative X-Ray study

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Janet H. Woodward ◽  
D. E. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Percent Composition

Silicon (Si) is distributed throughout plant tissues, but its role in forages has not been clarified. Although Si has been suggested as an antiquality factor which limits the digestibility of structural carbohydrates, other research indicates that its presence in plants does not affect digestibility. We employed x-ray microanalysis to evaluate Si as an antiquality factor at specific sites of two cultivars of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactvlon (L.) Pers.). “Coastal” and “Tifton-78” were chosen for this study because previous work in our lab has shown that, although these two grasses are similar ultrastructurally, they differ in in vitro dry matter digestibility and in percent composition of Si.Two millimeter leaf sections of Tifton-7 8 (Tift-7 8) and Coastal (CBG) were incubated for 72 hr in 2.5% (w/v) cellulase in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0. For controls, sections were incubated in the sodium acetate buffer or were not treated.

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