Late Middle Kingdom Temple Bakery at South Abydos

Recent excavations have exposed the original bakery belonging to the mortuary temple of Senwosret III at South Abydos. Initially founded as a six-chambered building, the bakery was expanded in several phases to become a larger complex that housed a series of chambers dedicated primarily to large-volume hearth baking. Associated ceramics show that baking practices involved parallel use of rough-ware trays (aprt) and cylindrical bread molds (bDA). The bakery was linked by a walkway system with adjacent buildings also involved in the production and supply of offerings to the temple. One of the neighboring buildings appears to have been a companion brewery that was removed and replaced during a phase of alteration to the production area. The bakery and related structures are components of a larger shena or production zone that once extended nearly 300 meters along the edge of the Nile floodplain between the temple and town at the site of WAH-swt-¢akAwra-mAa-xrw-m-AbDw. Evidence from the bakery and neighboring structures shows that the layout of the shena was an extension of the urban plan of the town of Wah-Sut. Flanked by the main institutional buildings, the site was spatially organized around this multi-activity production zone which formed the site’s economic and industrial nucleus.

High Density Foamed Cement Application for Channeling and Behind-the-Casing Flows Minimization in the Production Zone

This article describes the application of relatively high-density foamed cement for cementing wells in the Volga and Urals region. Good cementing practices with high density or conventional density cement slurry is required to ensure mud displacement in fluid saturated intervals of reservoir formations (Benge et al; 1982). With this requirement met, the cement column should circumferentially cover the annulus at this very interval which is exposed to the highest loads. However, due to limited physical and mechanical properties of conventional cement slurries in both liquid and solid state, in certain cases conventional slurries do not solve the problems encountered by the Customer, namely elimination of annular flow between the casing and cement sheath. High-density foamed cement is considered as an improved alternative to conventional cement slurries, and results in a high quality and durable sealing of gas and oil saturated production zones for the life of the well. Proprietary software and process equipment are used for the mixing of the foamed cement slurry with a variety of foaming properties. This process enables the use of a base cement slurry with higher density (up to 2.1 g/cm3) for delivering foamed cement slurries in a wide range of densities. To avoid possible cross flows behind the casing, pilot tests were conducted, where a conventional cement slurry (1.80–1.90 g/cm3) was replaced with a high-density foamed cement slurry with equivalent density with a foam quality of approx. 10% making the cement sheath elastic with improved adhesion to both the casing string and the formation (Spaulding et al; 2018). Pilot tests, incorporating the cementing of several production casings, were conducted where only foamed cement slurries with various foam quality were used in the entire cementing interval. No conventional (non-foamed) cement systems were used in these cases.

Unlocking ESP Potential in High Gas/Liquid Ratio Wells Using Gas Lock Prevention Control in West Java Field, Indonesia

West Java field operated 60 electric submersible pumps (ESPs) as a lifting method with 2.850 BOPD production contribution. These ESP wells produce from a mature structure. At one point, 48% of ESP operation were shut down due to ESP non-optimum operation. The challenges in ESP operations in the asset are high gas-liquid ratio (GLR), impurities, sand and scale buildup, and well integrity where high GLR was deemed as the major problem that deteriorated the ESP's performance. Conventional ESPs gas separator were installed in the field, but the gas-handling device could not handle more than 45% free gas while some wells have more than 50% free gas. Three wells in particular were assessed, Well A, Well B, and Well C, which have 585, 1196, and 1690 average GLR respectively. These wells had problem with reduced pump efficiency and very low run life due to frequent ESP trips which were caused by the gas lock problem. A solution to maintaining oil production was by changing the production zone to zone that producing less gas and by installing more advanced gas-handling device. However, the probability of experiencing high gas production from new zones can't be ruled out therefore other mitigation plan had to be found. Gas lock protection control is an algorithm that manipulates ESP real-time rotational speed to prevent gas interference inside pump. The algorithm was introduced as a mitigation measure and commissioned in July 2020 at Well A where it directly optimized production by 16%. To prove the robustness of the gas lock prevention control, the project was then extended to Well B and Well C which began to implement gas lock prevention control in August 2020 to handle the increase of their gas production. Thanks to this gas lock prevention control, the wells have been able to maintain production without spending either time or money to change production zone or to change the ESP completion. Going forward, gas lock protection control will be set as an option on ESP devices. Thus, unplanned gas interference effects may be reduced in other wells that being produced by ESP thereby helping to maintain production at an optimum level.

Fragilidade Ambiental e Zoneamento Ecológico Econômico da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Preto – Estado de Goiás – Brasil

The Ecological-Economic Zoning (EEZ) is a territorial management instrument, a king of territory organization in zones which indicate activities that consider its potentialities and fragilities. The research analyzed in an integrated way the landscape of Rio Preto’s watershed, located in the south of Goiás State (Brazil) with the objective of proposing a zoning which ally environmental preservation and socioeconomic development. From the landscape analysis, five zones were delimited: 1) zone of restrict use (32%), characterized by remaining vegetation areas, slopes with strong/very strong dissection and hydromorphic soils; 2) urban industrial expansion one (0.53%); 3) consolidated sugar-energy production zone (19.47%), area which a power plant and its respective areas of sugarcane crops are localized; 4) zones of agrosilvopastoral use I (18%), characterized for being favorable to grains cultivation, forestry and pasture; 5) agrosilvopastoral zone use II (30%), with the same characteristics of the previous zone, however with the possibility of expansion of sugarcane plantation. It was proposed the creation of a belt of preservation unities taking advantage of the mountains, besides establishing ecological corridors all over Rio Preto, which would result in an average deadline on the water production increase.

The geographical distribution of soil elements determines the boundaries of the Daodi-zone of medicinal plant (Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.)

Understanding the boundary of plants' best production zone is of great significance to the rational introduction cultivation. We set up 9 sample points in the center-zone and 28 sample points extending eastward along the longitude. Then, we were collecting the bulk soil of L.chuanxiong, testing soil properties and elements. Later, a multi-point cultivation test was carried out on L.chuanxiong, the content of elements in the plant measured by ICP-MS, and HPLC detected the active ingredients. Based on hierarchical clustering and PCA analysis, the study zone's soil element was divided into three groups. In the L.chuanxiong cultivation experiments, we found Ligustilide in rhizomes was positively related to Se and Sr and negatively related to Mn and the chemical elements. This study successfully verified that the medicinal plant's Daodi-zone has a natural boundary, and L.chuanxiong's Daodi-zone may be from east of Dujiangyan to the west edge of Longquan, rich in Na, Mg, K and Low Mn is the soil characteristics of the area. Moreover, we put forward a method to identify L.chuanxiong's Daodi-zone based on characteristic soil elements, which can also provide a practical basis for dividing other economic plants' growth environment.

Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Agricultural Eco-efficiency in Jilin Agricultural Production Zone Based on Super-SBM and Panel Regression Methods

Agricultural eco-efficiency is a meaningful index that assess the agricultural sustainable development. Based on the super SBM-DEA approach incorporating agricultural carbon emissions and panel data regression, this study evaluates agricultural eco-efficiency and then investigates the influencing factors in agricultural production zone of Jilin Province. The empirical results show the following: (1) During the observation period, the average agricultural eco-efficiency exhibits a flat “M-shaped” fluctuating trend, a trend of fluctuant growth with phase characteristics, and the agricultural eco-efficiency of each county still has much room for improvement. (2) Significant spatial differences exist in agricultural eco-efficiency across counties. All of the studied counties, except for Nong’an, Huadian, Lishu, Yitong, Gongzhuling, and Qianguo, need to change the input and output structure to optimize agricultural eco-efficiency. (3) The panel data regression model verifies that the agricultural technology extension level, agricultural economic development level, agricultural industry structure, agricultural mechanization intensity and urbanization level have close correlations with agricultural eco-efficiency. (4) The research findings have important implications for policy makers formulating agricultural environmental policies in accordance with the local conditions of various counties.

DETERMINATION OF RESERVOIR CHARACTERISTIC BASED ON THE WELL COMPLETION TEST IN THE RL WELL

Well Completion Test is a testing activity undertaken to determine the depth of production zone and feed center depth as well as to calculate the estimated production capacity of a well. Well completion tests are performed on wells that have just been drilled by exploring the depth of the well, measuring pressure and temperature, water loss test and gross permeability test. As a result of exploring the RL well, the tool was placed at a depth of 2000 meters. Injectivity is done at different pump rates, pressure and liquid faces. The gross permeability test results obtained an injection of 202.22 lpm/ksc, an average specific capacity of 5.028 lpm/meter, transmissivity of 0.1208955 darcymeter and skin factor 3.33381. Next calculate the production estimation using the injection that has been converted and plot to the graph then obtained the result of the estimated potential production of a well that is 6,3 MW. After a well has completed a well completion test, the next step is to test the production for more accurate results, because of the well completion test itself the accuracy is only about 50% only, therefore the production test needs to be done for the results which in getting more accurate.

Impact of variable physical conditions and future increased aquaculture production on lice infestation pressure and its sustainability in Norway

Salmon lice infestation is a challenge for wild post-smolt salmon during migration from their natal river to the sea in several regions of Norway. The traffic-light management system regulates growth in the aquaculture industry, where growth in production (6%) is only allowed if the impact of salmon lice on wild fish can be kept at a minimum and up to 10% mortality of wild salmonids are considered within the sustainability goal. We used a numerical ocean model, combined with an individual-based model for salmon lice, to evaluate the interannual variability in salmon lice concentrations in Production Zone 7, which was granted permission for production growth in 2017. Salmon lice releases were kept constant for 3 yr, while the physical conditions, e.g. wind and ocean circulation, varied. The total area of elevated lice infestations varied between 3.2 and 8.4% of the area within 5 km from the coast, due only to interannual physical variability mainly caused by variable wind patterns. Modeled post-smolts migrating out from the Namsen River (64.5°N, central Norway) towards the open ocean experienced mortality between 5 and 9%. Since Production Zone 7 was granted growth, we have simulated increased production and corresponding increases in lice releases. After 5 to 8 increments of 6% increase in production, the increase in salmon post-smolt mortality was of the same order of magnitude as the interannual variability. Information regarding migration route and time is crucial input to the model calculating post-smolt mortality, and inadequate information can affect the results significantly. These 2 methods (determining area of elevated lice infestations and estimating post-smolt mortality) provide complementary information and should be used in combination when the overall assessment of a production zone is made.