Diagnosis of eluvial-illuvial profile differentiation processes in Pre-Carpathian soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-231
Author(s):  
Ivan Smaga
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Illuvial Horizon ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Profile Distribution ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Important Sign ◽  
System Of Parameters

Elementary soil processes, as components of the soil-forming process, play an important role in the formation of morphological and genetic features of soils and are used for their genetic diagnosis. Eluvial-illuvial differentiation of the background profile for Precarpathian soils is due to the passage of processes from the group of eluvial, in particular podzolization, silting and gley-eluvial. The diagnostic criteria for these processes remain controversial and need further development. The article provides some justifications for their objectivity and reliability in identifying individual processes of soil formation and the results of establishing the genetic consequences of their passage. The formation of clay cutanes in the illuvion is considered to be an important sign of lessivage, but the presence of one and a half oxides may also indicate the passage of the processes of podzolization and in-soil clay forming According to another criterion - the presence of "optically oriented clays" in the illuvion is difficult to establish their migration path and the intensity of the lessivage process. Increasing the value of the ratio of silt content to the content of physical clay in the illuvial horizons compared to the eluvial horizons does not allow to distinguish the processes of podzolization and lessivage, and the same ratio in the illuvial horizon compared to the parent rock - lessivage and clay forming. Changes within the profile of the mineral part of the soil, which are reflected by the molecular ratios of SiO2:Al2O3 and eluvial-accumulative coefficients of aluminum, the values of silt and aluminum losses, also the profile distribution of montmorillonite are important criteria for the separation of loess and podzolization and indicate the decisive role of the latter in the formation of the profile differentiation of the soils of Precarpathians. Important criteria for gley-eluvial processes are higher losses from the upper podzolic illuminated of Fe2O3 layer than Al2O3, an increase in the molecular ratio of Al2O3:Fe2O3, the ratio of losses of Fe2O3 and Al2O3, also increase the criterion SiO2:Fe2O3/SiO2. Complementing the national system of parameters for the diagnosis and classification of soils with criteria that are characteristic of the substantive-genetic approach according to the WRB requires further study.

scholarly journals Chemical properties and fertility analysis of dredger-fill silt during soil formation: The tianjin dredge–fill project

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijun Gu ◽  
Xin Sui ◽  
Guogang Zhang ◽  
Meiqing Jia
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Dredger Fill ◽  
Fertility Analysis

Dredger-fill silt has been used in the port of Tianjin, China to reclaim land; however, the dredger-fill silt has no soil ecological function. Translating the silt into soil rapidly and accelerating the soil-forming process are key to solving the ecological problems of the Dredge–Fill project. This study measured 15 chemical properties of the dredger-fill silt for 8 years of the soil forming process to explore fertility changes and the critical factors affecting soil formation. The results showed that: (1) the salinity of silt changed from severe to mild with a reduction in Na+ and Cl- concentration. Other ion concentrations changed slightly. (2) Effective nutrients significantly decreased during soil formation. Soil organic matter (SOM)，the nitrate-nitrogen, available phosphorus (A-P) and available potassium (A-K) decreased by 26.22%, 86.23%, 45.92%, 33.61% respectively, indicating severe nutrients loss. (3) Principal component analysis showed that silt fertility decreased significantly and the total soil fertility loss was severe. This study has significance for the artificial improvement of silt.

scholarly journals Natural resumption of pine trees on the cuttings of the Middle Priangarya due to the peculiarities of forest soil

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
А.П. Смирнов ◽  
А.А. Смирнов ◽  
П.В. Богачев
Keyword(s):  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Permafrost Soils

Исследования последующего возобновления проводились на вырубках 5-15-летнего возраста в Северном лесничестве Усть-Илимского района Иркутской области. Основное внимание было уделено подросту сосны, как самой распространенной и наиболее эксплуатируемой хвойной породе. На почвенных прикопках измерялась мощность гумусового горизонта А1 и лесной подстилки А0, а также определялся гранулометрический состав верхних минеральных горизонтов почв. Выявлено отсутствие значимой корреляции густоты подроста сосны с отношением мощности А1/А0 осолоделых красно-бурых длительно-сезонно-мерзлотных почв региона, сформированных в условиях резкой континентальности климата, преобладания испарения над осадками, богатства материнской породы обменным кальцием, магнием и натрием. Установлена высокая обратная корреляция численности подроста сосны с «утяжелением» гранулометрического состава почв от супеси к среднему суглинку. Наибольшее количество подроста (3-5 тыс. экз./га) выявлено в исходных сосняках с почвами супесчаного, реже – легкосуглинистого механического состава. На почвах легко- и среднесуглинистых сосны значительно меньше, в составе подроста господствуют береза и осина. Подрост сосны практически отсутствует на относительно богатых суглинистых почвах в исходных пихтарниках, ельниках, лиственничниках. Отношение А1/А0, в силу особенностей формирования почв в районе исследований, не играет определяющей роли в успешности последующего возобновления сосны на вырубках. Studies of the subsequent resumption were carried out on the cuttings of 5-15-year-olds in the Northern Forestry of The Ust-Ilim district of Irkutsk region. The focus was on the growth of the pine tree as the most common and most exploited coniferous breed. The soil excavations measured the thickness of the A1 humus horizon and the forest litter A0, as well as the granulometric composition of the upper mineral horizons of the soils. The absence of a significant correlation between the density of the pine grower with the ratio of the thickness of A1/A0 of the osolode-made red-brown longseason-permafrost soils of the region, formed in conditions of sharp continentality of the climate, the predominance of evaporation over precipitation, the wealth of the mother breed exchange calcium, magnesium and sodium. There is a high inverse correlation of the number of the growth of pine with the "weighting" of the granulometric composition of soils from the sandy loam to the average loam. The largest number of teenagers (3-5 thousand ex./ha) was found in the original pines with the soils of the supine, less often – lightly coglinish mechanical composition. On the soils of light- and medium-sougling pines are much smaller, in the teenage part of the birch and aspen dominate. The growth of pine is practically absent on relatively rich loamy soils in the original firs, spruce trees, larch. The A1/A0 ratio, due to the peculiarities of soil formation in the research area, does not play a decisive role in the success of the subsequent resumption of pine cuttings.

scholarly journals PROPERTIES AND ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF SOILS OF THE DENDROLOGICAL TERRITORY OF THE SIBERIAN BOTANICAL GARDEN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.Z. Spirina ◽  
◽  
L.V. Khotskova ◽  
E.A. Zharikova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Element Composition ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Profile Distribution

The properties, content and profile distribution of macroelements in the soils of the dendrological territory of the Siberian Botanical Garden were studied. The nature of the distribution of chemical elements in soil profiles is revealed depending on the intensity of sod, podzolic and glue soil formation processes.

Leukodystrophies and Genetic Leukoencephalopathies in Children Specified by Exome Sequencing in an Expanded Gene Panel

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 433-441
Author(s):  
Bindu Parayil Sankaran ◽  
Madhu Nagappa ◽  
Shwetha Chiplunkar ◽  
Sonam Kothari ◽  
Periyasamy Govindaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Gene Panel ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Variants Of Unknown Significance ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Biopsy Confirmation

The overlapping clinical and neuroimaging phenotypes of leukodystrophies pose a diagnostic challenge to both clinicians and researchers alike. Studies on the application of exome sequencing in the diagnosis of leukodystrophies are emerging. We used targeted gene panel sequencing of 6440 genes to investigate the genetic etiology in a cohort of 50 children with neuroimaging diagnosis of leukodystrophy/genetic leukoencephalopathy of unknown etiology. These 50 patients without a definite biochemical or genetic diagnosis were derived from a cohort of 88 patients seen during a 2.5-year period (2015 January-2017 June). Patients who had diagnosis by biochemical or biopsy confirmation (n = 17) and patients with incomplete data or lack of follow-up (n = 21) were excluded. Exome sequencing identified variants in 30 (60%) patients, which included pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 28 and variants of unknown significance in 2. Among the patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants, classic leukodystrophies constituted 13 (26%) and genetic leukoencephalopathies 15 (30%). The clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and genetic features of the identified disorders are discussed.

Humus condition of brownish-podzolic soils of the Pregorganian Precarpathians

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Stepan Malyk ◽  
Zinoviy Pankiv
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Illuvial Horizon ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Fine Soil ◽  
Humus Composition ◽  
Profile Distribution ◽  
Soil Forming Processes

The indicators of humus condition reflect not only the productivity of soils, but also the features of the genesis, intensity and direction of soil-forming processes. It was found that the brownish-podzolic soils of the Pregorganian Precarpathian region are characterized by a low content of humus (1 36-3.7%) within the NE gl horizon, and in the lower horizons its content decreases sharply. Profile distribution of humus is determined as regressive-accumulative type, which is typical for most soils with elluvial-illuvial type of profile. The content of humus in the silty fraction of the studied soils is 1.5-2.0 times higher in comparison with the fine soil, and within I (e) m gl of the horizon the accumulation of humus is established, which is due to the lessivage process. Brown-podzolic soils are characterized by fulvate type of humus (C ha: C fa = 0.2-0.5). The movement of fulvic acids within the profile, especially organo-mineral colloids, is caused by the lessivage process. Among fulvic acids, the fraction connected with the mineral part (FC-3) has the highest content, which increases with the depth from 17.6 to 35.1%. The enhance in the content of this fraction with depth is primarily due to the ability to migrate within the profile. It can cause both the movement of fulvic acids deep into the profile with their sorption on peptizing colloids, and the joint movement of organo-mineral peptized colloids in the profile. The highest level of humification (28.10–28.75%) have upper humus-elluvial horizons, because they create the best conditions for the intensive activity of microorganisms. The humus content in clay cutans is 1.5 times higher than in the contained illuvial horizon, which is caused by lessivage and clay granulometric distribution. The humus content in the nodules is lower (0.26%) in comparison with the contained horizon. The results of the optical density analysis indicate a decrease in the extinction index from NE g1 to I (e) m gl of the horizon, which correlates with the indicators of the profile distribution of humic acids, the total content of which decreases with the depth. Such characteristics of humus composition indicate the genetic affinity with brown forest soils.

Work-up and Diagnosis of Pediatric Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherrie L. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Childhood Cancers ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Careful Handling ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphomas ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Ancillary Studies

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) in children and adolescents represent about 10% of childhood cancers. Although the types of NHL commonly seen in this population are relatively limited to lymphoblastic lymphomas, Burkitt's and Burkitt-like lymphomas, and large cell lymphomas, correct diagnosis and classification are essential for optimal therapy. Careful handling of pathologic specimens, along with collection of proper materials for ancillary studies such as immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, or molecular studies, will aid the pathologist in reaching a correct diagnosis. Specific morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic features of the commonly seen types of pediatric NHL are described.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Workup of Small B Cell Lymphomas: A Laboratory Perspective

Lymphoma ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Rizzo ◽  
Mehdi Nassiri
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
B Cell Lymphomas ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Biomarker Evaluation

Small B cell lymphoma is a morphological designation to a group of B cell lymphomas which are composed of a clonal population of small lymphoid cells. The subtypes of this category have diagnostically distinct characteristics and different clinical behaviors and treatment. Correct diagnosis and classification of these subsets depend on the integration of morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic features. In this paper, differential diagnosis of this category of tumors and a practical approach based on biomarker evaluation are discussed.

scholarly journals Role of the Biological Processes in Soil forming Process and Soil Fertility (Azerbaijan, Shamakhy)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Erosion Process ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses the impact of the erosion process on mountain black terrestrial, suitable for planting soils widespread in the Shamakhi region of Azerbaijan, which are more or less subject to erosion, which impairs its fertility, weakens fertility etc. It should be recognized that the influence of agricultural activity of man on the processes taking place in the soil is a deeply studied problem. What contributed to the negligence of the soil, its incorrect and irrational use which weaken its fertility, change the normal direction of the process of soil formation? According to the latest data, more than 50% of the soils of the Shamakhi region are subject to the process of water and irrigation erosion, a process that is widely distributed mainly in mountain black-terrestrial. According to well-known scientists of the republic, it was found that substances synthesized by microorganisms that regulate the complex processes occurring in the soil. For example, the conversion of plant residues and organic substances into humus takes place under the influence of complex environmental factors, which impairs its fertility. This was compared to our study of the dynamics of microbiological activity in black mountain soils and the effect of erosion on it at the object of study. As you know, humus is the basis of soil fertility. For this reason and in the process of research, the factors that form the soil were the focus of genetic science on soil. The results of the study proved that the erosion process, which occurred in nature, possessing a huge potential for its destructive power, destroys the surface fertile soil layer, cancels its fertility and, therefore, removes soil from agricultural circulation. Being a dynamic process, it changes the appearance of a zone, as a rule, a landscape that is widely distributed in the mountainous and foothill zones of the region. This is the reason for the change of the initial relief in the morphological structure and mountain landscapes.

scholarly journals Chemical properties and fertility analysis of dredger-fill silt during soil formation: The tianjin dredge–fill project

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Sui ◽  
Huijun Gu ◽  
Guogang Zhang ◽  
Meiqing Jia
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Dredger Fill ◽  
Fertility Analysis

Dredger-fill silt has been used in the port of Tianjin, China to reclaim land; however, the dredger-fill silt has no soil ecological function. Translating the silt into soil rapidly and accelerating the soil-forming process are key to solving the ecological problems of the Dredge–Fill project. This study measured 15 chemical properties of the dredger-fill silt for 8 years of the soil forming process to explore fertility changes and the critical factors affecting soil formation. The results showed that: (1) the salinity of silt changed from severe to mild with a reduction in Na+ and Cl- concentration. Other ion concentrations changed slightly. (2) Effective nutrients significantly decreased during soil formation. Soil organic matter (SOM)，the nitrate-nitrogen, available phosphorus (A-P) and available potassium (A-K) decreased by 26.22%, 86.23%, 45.92%, 33.61% respectively, indicating severe nutrients loss. (3) Principal component analysis showed that silt fertility decreased significantly and the total soil fertility loss was severe. This study has significance for the artificial improvement of silt.

scholarly journals ПОЧВЫ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ПЛОЩАДОК И ИХ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ДЕМУТАЦИЯ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ САХАРНЫХ ЗАВОДОВ)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ю.Г. Тютюнник ◽  
Л.М. Губарь ◽  
Н.А. Пашкевич ◽  
И.В. Гончаренко
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Humus Formation ◽  
Genetic Horizon ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Sugar Mills

Industrial technogenesis is considered as an independent soil-forming process resulting in a special type of soils, i.e. industrial soils. Their diagnostic horizon is the genetic horizon FR formed by substances and objects involved in the production cycle and industrial construction. The soil cover of the territories of factories, industrial complexes, mines, power plants, and industrial zones in general is represented by the dominant industrial soils, as well as by other types of altered/man-made soils. In general, industrial soils cannot be regarded as a sort of urban and chemically contaminated soils as it follows from the presented examples of technogenic soil-forming substrates and industrial sites of sugar mills in Ukraine. It is shown that, when the effect of technogenesis is removed or attenuated, the processes of juvenile soil formation and ecological demutation develop on technogenic substrates and industrial sites of sugar mills. The leading natural components of such industrial demutation are sod and humus formation and gley and dealluvial processes. Specific technogenic demutation processes include squeeze-humus formation, elemental sulfur oxidation, lime quenching, etc. During about 100 years of dealluvial inwashing processes in demutating industrial grounds of abandoned sugar mills there may be formed humus horizons of an up to 50 cm capacity, which leads to the formation of young chernozem soils on industrial grounds. Soil-forming substrates and soils of abandoned sugar mills are avidly occupied by vegetation, which forms communities referred to Artemisietea vulgaris, Robinietea and Sisymbrietea classes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document