scholarly journals Rectors of the Nerchensky Assumption Church of the Stukov Family (1793–1863): a Brief Account of Their Service

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
E. S. Bushueva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Church

Historical documents of the State archives of the Trans-Baikal territory and the State archives of the Republic of Buryatia provided information that in the 19th century the Nerchinsk Parish Assumption Church was under special guardianship of the two powerful priestly families – the Stukovs and Znamenskys. A considerable amount of data (including photographs of priests) has been collected about the Znamensky priests, who served in the church for a total of 55 years; correspondence with many of their descendants living throughout the country from Riga to Vladivostok has been conducted, and a number of articles have been published. And only sparse information and sketchy details have been found about the Stukovs, whose ministering lasted for more than 70 years.

scholarly journals Medical students, beneficiaries of the state scholarships of the Republic of Serbia, and their education in the 21st century: The possibility of improvement

Sociologija ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nena Vasojevic ◽  
Mirko Filipovic
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Reverse Migration ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Education Of Students ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the 19th century, at the time when Serbia was being established, the education of students scholars abroad was viewed as one of the main tools for professional development and a strong society. Medical students were one of the first who were sent to study abroad. This practice was associated with increasing vertical social mobility of society. The results achieved in the 19th century encouraged us to focus on the study of temporary migrations of students scholars from Serbia in the 21st century. This article was created as a result of this study.4 Our goal was to define the profile of medical students scholars who studied abroad in the 21st century thanks to the state funds, to determine the reasons why they opted for education outside their country, and to determine the level of openness of the Serbian society towards them. However, the main objective was to contribute to the research of reverse migration.

scholarly journals La competencia de los cónsules en los actos de jurisdicción voluntaria mercantiles : historia, tradición, actualidad y conveniente reforma

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Alonso Furelos
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Public Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Foreign Country ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Private Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The 19Th Century

Cónsules y Consulado son una Institución histórica. Nace en Roma, en la República, donde se consolida y extingue y es de Derecho Público Romano. En la Baja Edad Media surge como derecho privado, en las Repúblicas Italianas de donde llega a España, para defender los intereses jurídicos de los comerciantes que van a «disponer» de un derecho «especial» privado que éstos aplican dentro de una «jurisdicción especial privilegiada mercantil» que tutela jurídicamente «sus» asuntos sean jurisdicción contenciosa o voluntaria. En el S. xix, esta figura deviene pública para defender los intereses comerciales del Estado, en el país extranjero donde se hallan sus Consulados. En 1868 en España desaparece la jurisdicción mercantil cuyo cometido es asumido por la jurisdicción ordinaria en su orden civil. Desde entonces Cónsules y Consulados son una figura de derecho público, dependientes del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores para la defensa de los intereses comerciales españoles, en el país en que se hallan. La LEC 1881 les confía por tradición funciones mercantiles en la jurisdicción voluntaria que hoy estando aún «vigentes» son simples «recuerdos obsoletos» de otras épocas ya superadas. La cercana reforma de la jurisdicción voluntaria puede ser un pretexto para confiar a Cónsules y Personal Diplomático de nuestras Embajadas la competencia en «casi todos sus asuntos» cuando se solicite su intervención por españoles que están en esos países.Consuls and Consulate are a historic institution of Roman Public law, with origins in Rome during the Republic, where it was consolidated and then extinguished. In the Low Middle Ages it arose as private right, and arrived in Spain from the Italian Republics, to defend the juridical interests of the merchants who would exercise a «special» private law which they would apply within a «special privileged mercantile jurisdiction «which would govern juridically «their» matters, whether of contentious or voluntary jurisdiction. In the 19th century, this institution became public in order to defend the commercial interests of the State, in the foreign country where its Consulates were situated. In 1868 The Mercantile Jurisdiction disappeared its jurisdiction was subsumed into that of the Ordinary Civil Jurisdiction of the Court. Since then, Consuls and Consulates are an institution of public law and are servants of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to defend of the commercial interests of Spaniards, in the country where they are located. The LEC 1881 entrusted them the voluntary jurisdiction in mercantile matters, that today are still «in force» but exist in fact simply as «obsolete memories» of a bygone era. The approaching reform of this voluntary jurisdiction may be a pretext to entrust to our consuls and diplomatic personnel of our embassies, competence «in almost all matters» when they are requested by Spaniards who are located in those countries.

scholarly journals A POLÍTICA DE CARIDADE, ASSISTÊNCIA E PROTEÇÃO À INFÂNCIA DESVALIDA EM BELÉM DO PARÁ: DO IMPÉRIO À REPÚBLICA

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Laura Maria Silva Araújo Alves
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Protection Policy ◽  
Childhood Care ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

<p>O objetivo deste artigo é trazer a lume a política de caridade, assistência e proteção à infância desvalida em Belém do Pará, do período que se estende do Império à República. No século XIX, a infância deveria ser assistida na capital do Pará em decorrência da política idealizada e implementada pela elite paraense. Assim, a infância que precisava ser assistida era designada de “órfã” e “exposta”. A primeira, dizia respeito, também, à criança que tinha perdido um dos pais, e a segunda, chamada, também, “enjeitada” ou “desvalida”, correspondia à criança que alguém não quis cuidar ou receber. Este artigo está divido em três partes. Na primeira, situo a cidade de Belém do Pará, em termos políticos, econômicos e sociais, no cenário do Brasil República, em interface com a infância. Na segunda parte, destaco as políticas assistenciais e filantrópicas no atendimento à infância no Pará e o ideário higienista. E, por fim, na terceira, trago à cena algumas instituições que foram criadas em Belém do Pará, no período do Império à República, para abrigar a criança órfã e desvalida.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>The objective of this article is to bring to light the charity, assistance and protection policy for disfavored childhood in Belém-PA, from the period of the Empire to the Brazilian Republic. In the 19th century, children should be assisted in the capital of the state of  Pará as a result of the political idealization implemented by this state’s elite. Therefore, the ones who needed to be assisted were designated as “orphans” or “exposed”. The former ones, not exclusively, were the children who had lost one of their parents; the latter ones, also referred to as “rejected” or “disfavored”, corresponded to the children none would look after or welcome. This article is divided into three parts. In the first, the city of  Belém is situated in political, economic and social terms, interfaced with childhood, in the scenario of the Brazilian Republic. In the second, the assistance and philanthropic policies for childhood care, as well as the hygienist ideas, are highlighted. Finally, institutions created to shelter orphan and disfavored children in Belém, from the period of the Empire to the Republic, are brought to centre stage.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Grão Pará. Childhood. Disfavored Children. Hygienism. Welfarism. Philantropy.</p>

scholarly journals Muuga või Kersna? Eesti rööpsete perekonnanimede teke ja kadu

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-85
Author(s):  
Fred Puss
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
The State ◽  
Family Names ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Church

Rööpsete perekonnanimede teke on unikaalne Eestis ja Lätis, kus mõisas pandi 1820.–1830. aastail samale talupojale üks, kirikus aga teine perekonnanimi. Nimede panemise õigus oli mõisadel, kuid kohati võtsid pastorid osa nimede panekust ning muutsid kirikuraamatutes nimesid ka hiljem. Eestis oli üksikuid piirkondi (mõisu), kus rööpnimede hulk oli suurem, nt Ahja mõisas 53%, Roosna-Alliku mõisa Järva- Madise kihelkonna osas 32%, olles enamasti aga mõne protsendi piires. Võnnu kihelkonnas muutsid vastastikku üksteise nimeloomet mõisavalitsused, kolm järjestikust pastorit ning eriti köster. Pärast üldise perekonnanimepanekuga loodud rööpnimesid oli XIX sajandi teisel poolel ja XX sajandi algul nende tavalisim tekkepõhjus saksastamine, harvem sugulussuhete muutumine (kärgpered, lapsendamised). Kui mõnel pool jõudsid kirikuraamatute nimekujud ka hingeloendisse, siis tavaline see polnud. Sel põhjusel oli ka XX sajandi algul inimestel vallavalitsuse välja antud tsaariaegses passis või iseseisvusaegsel isikutunnistusel üks, kirikuraamatutes teine nimi. Rööpnimed kaotati enamasti riiklike perekonnaregistrite sisseseadmisega alates 1926. aastast ning ametlikustati reeglina sünnikandes leiduv nimekuju. Osal juhtudel tekkisid topeltnimed. Rööpnimed on dokumentides tekitanud segadust ka hiljem. Abstract. Fred Puss: Muuga or Kersna? The appearance and perishment of Estonian parallel family names. The reason for the appearance of parallel family names in Estonia and Latvia is unique: in the 1820s–1830s, the manor officials gave family names to local peasants and the Lutheran pastors changed those names or gave different ones. In some areas, mismatch was up to 53%, but generally did not exceed a few percent. Sometimes in the church records, the names were later changed to match the manor (or later tax) records, but much less often vice versa. However, when the names in the church records were changed (mostly Germanized) in the second half of the 19th century, but not in the tax records, new mismatches appeared. As of 1926, the state began to keep vital statistics records and the name in a birth entry in the church book was usually fixed as the only family name thereafter. This marked the end of the occurrence of most of the parallel family names in Estonia, but some became double family names and some still caused confusion in later records.

Land disputes between the Kirghiz-Kaisaks and the Orenburg Cossacks in the Novolineyny District of the Orenburg Region for second half of the 19th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 212-219
Author(s):  
Aleksey Kortunov ◽  
Elena Godovova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Land Disputes ◽  
Border Conflicts ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the characterization and solution of land disputes continuing throughout the second half of the 19th century. in the Novolineyny region of the Orenburg province between the Orenburg Cossacks and the Kyrgyz-Kaisaks nomadic in this territory. The article was written on the basis of archival materials from the funds of the Russian State Historical Archives, the State Archives of the Russian Federation and the State Archives of the Orenburg Region. Most of the documents are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The authors come to the conclusion that the creation of the Novolineyny district, on the one hand, resolved the interethnic border conflicts between the Bashkirs, the nomads of the Younger Zhuz and the Cossacks living nearby in this territory, but on the other hand led to land disputes between the Orenburg Cossacks resettled here and the Kyrgyz-Kaisaks who roamed here. The confrontation lasted until the beginning of the twentieth century, namely, until the Kirghiz-Kaisaks were resettled to another territory.

scholarly journals Some gifts of the 13th Dalai Lama to Nicholas II in the collection of the State Hermitage

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 406-418
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Elikhina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Dalai Lama ◽  
Art Objects ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Tibetan collection of the State Hermitage contains some of the gifts of the 13th Dalai Lama to the Russian Emperor Nicholas II. The State Archives of the Russian Federation has a document titled “A copy of the list of Tibetan gifts sent to the Winter Palace”. It consists of two lists, the first list describes 14 items, the second - 9. Almost all of these gifts were in the private rooms of Nicholas II in the Winter Palace. Of course, not all things have survived to this day. Number 1 in the first list is the chakra (wheel of teaching), the sign of the king offered to the Tibetan rulers upon accession to the throne, as a sign of goodwill (Inventory No. KO-884, Tibet, late 19th century); number 4 is a silver teapot, partially gilded (Inventory No. KO-896, Tibet, end of the 19th century); number 5 - men’s turquoise hoop earring; at number 9 - a gold reliquary gau (Tib. Ga'u), decorated with turquoise, such were worn and are worn by Tibetan women on the chest; at number 10 - women’s gold earrings decorated with turquoise. Earrings and a reliquary after the organization of the Oriental Department and the redistribution of exhibits were included in the collection of art objects of Central Asia. From the second list, presumably, there is a sculpture of Buddha Shakyamuni in the Hermitage collection. It is quite possible that enamel objects and some others have also been preserved in different collections of the Oriental Department. In addition, the collection contains two pencil portraits of the 13th Dalai Lama, painted by the Russian artist N. Ya. Kozhevnikov in 1905 in Urga (present-day Ulan Bator). The Dalai Lama was hiding in Mongolia during the British expansion into Tibet in 1903-1904. Thus, some of the gifts of the 13th Dalai Lama are presented in the Tibetan collection of the Hermitage. Some of them are masterpieces, such as the silver chakra, others are very typical ethnographic objects.

scholarly journals PEDAGOGIC ACTIVITY OF IVAN LEVYNSKY AT LVIV SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE IN THE LATE 19TH CENTURY – EARLY 20TH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
Petrovska Yu. ◽  
◽  
Kuzmych V. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
State Archives

This research introduces us into the pedagogic activity of Ivan Levynsky at the Polytechnic School. Historical documents from the State Archives of Lviv region helped us to examine and analyze curriculums of the Faculty of Construction (Program szkoły politechnicznéj we Lwowie), including names of academic subjects, number of academic hours for different years of study, and short summaries of the courses taught by the professor Ivan Levynsky.

scholarly journals Church music in the light of national legislation in the principality of Serbia and the Kingdom of Serbia

Muzikologija ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 9-36
Author(s):  
Vesna Peno
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Theological Education ◽  
Church Music ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Theological Schools ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Church

Officially, the Serbian Orthodox Church enjoyed a legally guaranteed status throughout the 19th century and Orthodox faith was considered to be prevalent both in the Principality of Serbia and in the Kingdom of Serbia. Nevertheless, after gaining its autonomy within the Constantinople Patriarchate in 1831 (under whose forced jurisdiction it had been since 1766), Knez Milos?s attitude and a number of state provisions led to the unsparing diminishing of the Church authority together with frequent subversions of the Church Canon law. Introduction of the constitutional and legislative framework for the activities of the Serbian church, the enforcement of institutionalized mechanisms of control, and above all, direct interference of the State authorities in the elections of Church hierarchs and their activities, marked relations of the Church and the State in the 19th century. ?Might makes right? rule was always on the State side. Investigations so far have least examined those provisions of the Government concerning general and theological education, in which church music also found its place. Presentation and analysis of the facts about the beginnings of organized music education go in favor of the existing findings on concurrencies and discrepancies in two cultural policies - that of the State and the one of the Church. Attitudes of the Sovereign and the Government towards the educational process, so vital during the decades of the State formation, are also indicative for affirmation of chanting practice and music art in general, as are (non-) conflicting interests between the prelates and distinguished public figures on one, and those in charge at the ministries on the other side. This paper presents all relevant government legislations regulating religious and music education at regular and theological schools. Attempts of the Church dignitaries and learned Serbian musicians to raise the level of music culture with the help of the State authorities are particularly emphasized. The emphasis was especially on the promotion of polyphonic church music and endeavors to print notated church chanting books. All relevant direct and indirect contributors to the expansion of church music are mentioned, among them especially music teachers at the Theological high school in Belgrade. Eventually, the paper points to those legal regulations which imposed on teachers certain duties related to everyday church services and reactions of the teachers to those regulations.

scholarly journals Nomadic Inorodtsy of the South of Russia: Perception in the 19th Century in the Context of “Managers” and “Managed”

2021 ◽  
pp. 687-698
Author(s):  
Irina V. Lidzhieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
National Archive ◽  
The State ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
The South ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 19Th Century

The South of the Russian Empire in the 19th century remained an imperial outskirt in its integration process, yet uncompleted. The article is to study the perception of the inorodtsy (non-Russian) directorates officials and the governed population in the steppes of the Precaucasia and in the Lower Volga region in the 19th century on the example of the Directorate for the Kalmyk people of the Astrakhan gubernia and the Directorate for nomadic peoples of the Stavropol gubernia. Despite long-held interest of the Russian historiography in the problems of imperial bureaucracy, the human capital of management apparatus in the regional outskirts remains outside the focus of researchers’ attention. Issues of the discourse managers/managed are important for study, since their mutual perception affected the achievement of the main goal of the state, which was to integrate the imperial outskirts into the Russian space, and as its many aspects remain relevant even at the present stage. The sources are materials from the fonds of the State Archive of the Stavropol Krai (GASK) and the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia (NARK), containing personal data of civil servants and office documentation. The concept of “management” is considered as a process during which the subject of management, that is, managers (in this case officials of the inorodtsy directorates), affects the object of management — managed — nomadic peoples. Using comprehensive methods of content analysis of archival sources texts and reconstruction of events in chronological sequence, the main directions of interaction between the managers and the managed have been determined. The author concludes that the process of mutual perception of the managers and the managed on the inorodtsy outskirts of the empire was one of significant aspects in the context of formation of the mechanism for their integration into the all-Russian socio-economic and political-legal space, which showcases the political course of the central authorities in relation to the local population. In the course of direct interaction between the two, both positive and negative directions were developed, the latter, to the extent possible, were alleviated by the higher regional management, who, unlike middle-level officials, were fully aware of the goals and tasks of the inorodtsy directorates.

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