scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE CYCLICAL GROUND CUTTING

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 642-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Nikolayev
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Side Surface ◽  
Front Surface ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Total Force ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Final Manuscript ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
The Cost

Introduction. Rotary rippers are needed for cyclical cutting of the ground when the underlying layer and slopes of the roads are formed. Therefore, the general purpose of the research is the theoretical justification of the design and mode of rotary ripper’s parameters. Using the synthesis method, researches get only indicative results. In order to calculate the parameters of ground cutting, it is necessary to analyze the interaction of working bodies with the ground.Materials and methods. Based on the planned ways to reduce the cost of energy for cyclical cutting of the ground, the author developed the calculation method of the working body: the force of cutting the ground with the toe of the working body; the force necessary for the primary shift of the ground by the front surface of the working body; the total force of ground displacement by an active working body; the friction of the side surfaces of the working body on the ground during the rotation.Results. The author calculated the specific values in the process of rotation by using the developed method of determining the parameters of the cyclic ground cutting and basing on the accepted data. Moreover, the author constructed and approximated the graphs’ dependencies of ground cutting parameters of the rotor angle. In particular, there were dependencies: the force required to shift the ground by an active working body, the mass of the displaced ground, the acceleration of the displaced ground, the force needed to accelerate the displaced soil, the force of the ground’s impact on the side surface of the displaced ground wedge, the friction force displaced by the active working body of the ground wedge on the array of soil, the total force of the displacement of the ground by the active working body from the angle of the rotor when moving the unit at various transmissions II range of tractor HTP-17221.Discussion and conclusions. The method of calculating the forces of the ground cutting and calculating their specific values helps to determine the required rotational moment and power of the rotor drive.The author has read and approved the final manuscript. Financial transparency: the author has no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.

Optical properties of a thin layer of the Vanadium dioxide at the metal state

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2303-2310
Author(s):  
Abderrahim Benchaib ◽  
Abdesselam Mdaa ◽  
Izeddine Zorkani ◽  
Anouar Jorio
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Vanadium Dioxide ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Metal State ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Reversible Phase

The vanadium dioxide VO₂ currently became very motivating for the nanotechnologies’ researchers. It makes party of the intelligent materials because these optical properties abruptly change semiconductor state with metal at a critical  temperature θ = 68°C. This transition from reversible phase is carried out from a monoclinical structure characterizing its semiconductor state at low temperature towards the metal state of this material which becomes tétragonal rutile for  θ ˃ 68°C ; it is done during a few nanoseconds. Several studies were made on this material in a massive state and a thin layer. We will simulate by Maple the constant optics of a thin layer of VO₂ thickness z = 82 nm for the metal state according to the energy ω of the incidental photons in the energy interval: 0.001242 ≤ ω(ev) ≤ 6, from the infra-red (I.R) to the ultra-violet (U.V) so as to be able to control the various technological nano applications, like the detectors I.R or the U.V,  the intelligent windows to  increase  the energy efficiency in the buildings in order to save the cost of energy consumption by electric air-conditioning and the paintings containing nano crystals of this material. The constant optics, which we will simulate, is: the index of refraction, the reflectivity, the transmittivity, the coefficient of extinction, the dielectric functions ԑ₁ real part and  ԑ₂  imaginary part of the permittivity complexes ԑ of this material and the coefficient absorption. 

A Determinant Elimination Method for Bottleneck Assignment and Generalized Assignment Problems

2012 ◽  
Vol 239-240 ◽  
pp. 1522-1527
Author(s):  
Wen Bo Wu ◽  
Yu Fu Jia ◽  
Hong Xing Sun
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Assignment Problem ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Assignment Problems ◽  
Generalized Assignment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Time And Space Complexity

The bottleneck assignment (BA) and the generalized assignment (GA) problems and their exact solutions are explored in this paper. Firstly, a determinant elimination (DE) method is proposed based on the discussion of the time and space complexity of the enumeration method for both BA and GA problems. The optimization algorithm to the pre-assignment problem is then discussed and the adjusting and transformation to the cost matrix is adopted to reduce the computational complexity of the DE method. Finally, a synthesis method for both BA and GA problems is presented. The numerical experiments are carried out and the results indicate that the proposed method is feasible and of high efficiency.

Effect of chemical admixtures on the sulfate requirement of cement

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ward ◽  
S. M. Khalil ◽  
B. W. Langan
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Steam Curing ◽  
Sulfate Content ◽  
Chemical Admixtures ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ready Mixed Concrete

As the cost of energy and hence the cost of producing Portland cement increase, the question arises as to whether we are obtaining optimum performance from the admixtures we use. As an example, data are presented indicating that a significant improvement in strength and shrinkage can be achieved by optimizing the sulfate content of the cement for given cement–admixture combinations. It is shown that the optimum SO3 is clearly a function of the initial temperature of the concrete, particularly during the first 24 h after casting, a characteristic of considerable importance in hot weather concreting and steam curing of concrete products. It is recommended that more attention be directed towards optimizing the effectiveness of chemical admixtures in both the ready-mixed concrete and precast concrete industries.

scholarly journals Sustainable Retirement Living: What Matters?

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Barker ◽  
Bo Xia ◽  
George Zillante
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Survey Approach

There is a growing demand for sustainable retirement villages in Australia due to an increasing number of ageing population and public acceptance of sustainable development. This research aims to gain a better understanding of retirees’ understanding about sustainable retirement living and their attitudes towards sustainable developments via a questionnaire survey approach. The results showed that the current residents of retirement villages are generally very conscious of unsustainable resource consumption and would like their residences and community to be more environmentally friendly and energy efficient. The cost of energy supply is a concern to majority of respondents. However there is a certain level of concerns from residents too on the extra cost of going green in their residence. Education is required to residents about recycling household waste and how to use available facilities. A better understanding of retirees’ awareness and attitudes towards sustainability issues helps to improve the sustainable developments of retirement villages in the future.

scholarly journals Optimized Placement of Connecting the Distributed Generationswork Stand Alone to Improve the Distribution Systems Reliability

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Hamed Hashemi-Dezaki ◽  
Ali Agheli ◽  
Behrooz Vahidi ◽  
Hossein Askarian-Abyaneh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Distributed Generations ◽  
Joint Point ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Optimum Solution ◽  
The Cost

The use of distributed generations (DGs) in distribution systems has been common in recent years. Some DGs work stand alone and it is possible to improve the system reliability by connecting these DGs to system. The joint point of DGs is an important parameter in the system designing. In this paper, a novel methodology is proposed to find the optimum solution in order to make a proper decision about DGs connection. In the proposed method, a novel objective function is introduced which includes the cost of connector lines between DGs and network and the cost of energy not supplied (CENS) savings. Furthermore, an analytical approach is used to calculate the CENS decrement. To solve the introduced nonlinear optimization programming, the genetic algorithm (GA) is used. The proposed method is applied to a realistic 183-bus system of Tehran Regional Electrical Company (TREC). The results illustrate the effectiveness of the method to improve the system reliability by connecting the DGs work stand alone in proper placements.

scholarly journals Application of the optimally alloyed cast irons in order to increase the durability and to ensure the cost reduction of mining and metallurgical products

2021 ◽  
Vol 303 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Dmitry Lubyanoi ◽  
Evgeny Pudov ◽  
Evgeny Kuzin ◽  
Olga Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Metallurgical Production ◽  
Alloyed Cast ◽  
Alloyed Cast Iron ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
The Cost

The article shows the relevance of the use of alloyed cast iron in mining and metallurgical engineering. The article discusses the technologies for producing naturally alloyed cast iron. For working bodies and friction units of mining machines, such as pumps, coal pumps, hydrocyclones, crushers and mills. The main type of wear for them is abrasive. To increase the wear resistance of cast iron the production of cast iron has not been sufficiently studied yet. Although the use of cast iron in a complex alloyed with manganese, silicon, chromium, titanium and vanadium has been studied. The article studies the influence of manganese, titanium and vanadium on the mechanical properties and performance of machine parts and products of mining and metallurgical production in contact with high-temperature and highly abrasive media. The rational content of titanium and vanadium in gray cast irons is established in the range of 0.05-0.1%, which ensures their heat resistance and increases their wear resistance. The content of these elements can be increased to 0.07-0.12%. Bushings made of this cast iron have the required wear resistance and can increase the operational reliability of the equipment in the conditions of mining and metallurgical production. They also replace non-ferrous metals, as well as products obtained by powder metallurgy methods.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION AND SCATTERING OF SURFACE WAVES ON THE ACOUSTIC LOAD TO ULTRASONIC EVALUATION AND MEASUREMENTS. Part 2. The object to study – solid with ledge

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Baev ◽  
A. L. Mayorov ◽  
M. V. Asadchaya ◽  
G. E. Konovalov ◽  
O. S. Sergeeva
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waves ◽  
Side Surface ◽  
Front Surface ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Small Aperture ◽  
Transverse Waves ◽  
Longitudinal Modes ◽  
Ultrasonic Evaluation ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Transition Radius

The lack of information about the features of processes of the surface wave's transformation into volume waves and its scattering in metal objects with ledge, slots, grooves and the others is one of the obstacles to improve of the acoustical testing reliability and widening of technical application. The aim of this work was to study of mechanism of acoustical mode's transformation and determination the laws of the fields forming of scatted volume edge wave's in solids with ledge of different geometry and to suggest direction of the study application in area of acoustical testing and measurements.The features of transformation of surface waves into edge transverse and longitudinal wave modes scatted and their fields forming in the volume of the object with ledge vs. its angle of the slope front surface side (0–135°) and a dimensionless transition radius (0–10,2) varied were studied. Theoretical analysis and experimental data shown that in general case the field of the edge transverse waves in the volume of ledge can be imagined as a superposition of the field of edge waves (scatted on ledge) and accompany waves too, radiated simultaneously with the surface waves to radiate. If dimensionless size of the ledge's transition radius lesser than 1 the resulting field of the edge transverse waves is the summary field of two sources. One of them (with small aperture) is localized in the vicinity of the place of intersection of contact surface with ledge's front side surface. As it was found, the second source of the edge transverse waves – the edge head longitudinal waves to appear in the results of transformation of surface waves on the ledge′s radius transition. The structure of the edge acoustic fields including their extremes vs. ledge's angle and its radius transition, position of the surface wave's probe were experimentally studied and theoretically analyzed.Some directions of the results of researches using are the next: а) ultrasonic testing of hard-to-make technological objects in which defects have low sound reflection; b) ultrasonic structure diagnostics of solid (specimens) set far from the ultrasonic by using edge volume transverse and longitudinal modes; c) creation of new ultrasonic arrangements to sound and to receive transverse waves of different polarization.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Investigation of Renewable Energy System for Rural Electrification in South Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 3421-3426 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Chermat ◽  
M. Khemliche ◽  
A. E. Badoud ◽  
S. Latreche
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Management Algorithm ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Operation And Maintenance Cost ◽  
Different Sources

This work aims to consider the combination of different technologies regarding energy production and management with four possible configurations. We present an energy management algorithm to detect the best design and the best configuration from the combination of different sources. This combination allows us to produce the necessary electrical energy for supplying habitation without interruption. A comparative study is conducted among the different combinations on the basis of the cost of energy, diesel consumption, diesel price, capital cost, replacement cost, operation, and maintenance cost and greenhouse gas emission. Sensitivity analysis is also performed.

scholarly journals Techno-economical study of solar water pumping system: optimum design, evaluation, and comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Hussein A. Kazem ◽  
Anas Quteishat ◽  
Mahmoud A. Younis
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Design ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Cost Evaluation ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Cost

Solar water pumping systems are fundamental entities for water transmission and storage purposes whether it is has been used in irrigation or residential applications. The use of photovoltaic (PV) panels to support the electrical requirements of these pumping systems has been executed globally for a long time. However, introducing optimization sizing techniques to such systems can benefit the end-user by saving money, energy, and time. This paper proposed solar water pumping systems optimum design for Oman. The design, and evaluation have been carried out through intuitive, and numerical methods. Based on hourly meteorological data, the simulation used both HOMER software and numerical method using MATLAB code to find the optimum design. The selected location ambient temperature variance from 12.8 °C to 44.5 °C over the year and maximum insolation is 7.45 kWh/m2/day, respectively. The simulation results found the average energy generated, annual yield factor, and a capacity factor of the proposed system is 2.9 kWh, 2016.66 kWh/kWp, and 22.97%, respectively, for a 0.81 kW water pump, which is encouraging compared with similar studied systems. The capital cost of the system is worth it, and the cost of energy has compared with other systems in the literature. The comparison shows the cost of energy to be in favor of the MATLAB simulation results with around 0.24 USD/kWh. The results show successful operation and performance parameters, along with cost evaluation, which proves that PV water pumping systems are promising in Oman.

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