scholarly journals Metabolic, muscle damage and heart rate responses in Brazilian jiu-jitsu matches of varied duration

Kinesiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Vidal Andreato ◽  
Valeria Leme Gonçalves Panissa ◽  
Emerson Franchini ◽  
Solange Marta Franzói de Moraes ◽  
Eloa Jacques Pastório ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Varied Duration

The aim of this study was to analyze physiological responses in Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) athletes during matches of varied duration. To this end, 10 athletes (age: 29±5 years old, body mass: 77.5±6.3 kg, body fat: 10.0±5.2%, systematic BJJ practice: 10±2 years) were analyzed in matches of varied duration (2-min, 5-min, 8-min and 10-min). Blood collection was performed to determine energetic demands, hormonal responses and muscle damage. The main results showed that a longer duration of combat generated higher lactate (p<.001) and glucose (p=.004) concentrations. However, when the data were corrected for the effort time, higher lactate concentrations (p<.001) and higher heart rates (p<.001) were found in shorter duration combats. No changes were observed concerning insulin (p=.870), triglycerides (p=.219), total cholesterol (p=.170), albumin (p=.060) and urea (p=.772) values. For markers of muscle damage, no alterations were detected for creatine kinase (p=.401). However, evidence of muscle damage was found, as increased lactate desidrogenase (p=.012) and creatinine (p=.002) concentrations were observed, particularly in the matches of a longer duration. Thus, it is concluded that different combat times have a direct influence on the physiological, hormonal and metabolic responses.

Physiological and Metabolic Responses to Exercise on Treadmill, Elliptical Trainer, and Stepper: Practical Implications for Training

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Andrew N. Bosch ◽  
Kirsten C. Flanagan ◽  
Maaike M. Eken ◽  
Adrian Withers ◽  
Jana Burger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Fuel Utilization ◽  
Trained Runners ◽  
Practical Implications

Elliptical trainers and steppers are proposed as useful exercise modalities in the rehabilitation of injured runners due to the reduced stress on muscles and joints when compared to running. This study compared the physiological responses to submaximal running (treadmill) with exercise on the elliptical trainer and stepper devices at three submaximal but identical workloads. Authors had 18 trained runners (male/female: N = 9/9, age: mean ± SD = 23 ± 3 years) complete randomized maximal oxygen consumption tests on all three modalities. Submaximal tests of 3 min were performed at 60%, 70%, and 80% of peak workload individually established for each modality. Breath-by-breath oxygen consumption, heart rate, fuel utilization, and energy expenditure were determined. The value of maximal oxygen consumption was not different between treadmill, elliptical, and stepper (49.3 ± 5.3, 48.0 ± 6.6, and 46.7 ± 6.2 ml·min−1·kg−1, respectively). Both physiological measures (oxygen consumption and heart rate) as well as carbohydrate and fat oxidation differed significantly between the different exercise intensities (60%, 70%, and 80%) but did not differ between the treadmill, elliptical trainer, and stepper. Therefore, the elliptical trainer and stepper are suitable substitutes for running during periods when a reduced running load is required, such as during rehabilitation from running-induced injury.

Physiological responses to a cold, wet, and windy environment during prolonged intermittent walking

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (1) ◽  
pp. R226-R233 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Weller ◽  
C. E. Millard ◽  
M. A. Stroud ◽  
P. L. Greenhaff ◽  
I. A. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Walking Exercise ◽  
Body Cooling

The potentially deleterious influence of body cooling on the thermoregulatory and metabolic responses to prolonged walking exercise has not been established. To address this problem, 10 men completed a 6-h intermittent (15 min rest, 45 min exercise) walking protocol in a thermoneutral (+15 degrees C) condition (Neutral) and a cold (+5 degrees C), wet, and windy condition (Cold). The first two exercise periods were conducted at a higher intensity (Higher, 6 km/h and 10% incline) than the subsequent four exercise periods (Lower, 5 km/h and 0% incline). Rectal temperature was lower and heart rate no different in Cold compared with Neutral, whereas the following were higher: oxygen consumption, respiratory exchange ratio, plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine, and blood lactate and glucose. There was no environmental influence on these variables during Higher. In conclusion, heat production during Lower was not sufficient to offset heat loss to the cold environment, and the resulting reduction in rectal temperature and metabolic perturbations may be detrimental if exercise is prolonged.

External Validity of the T-SAFT90: A Soccer Simulation Including Technical and Jumping Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1074-1080
Author(s):  
Cristiano D. da Silva ◽  
Ric Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Match Play

Purpose: To examine the physiological, muscle-damage, endocrine, and immune responses to a modified soccer-simulation protocol to include technical and jumping activities characteristic of match play (the Technical Soccer-Specific Aerobic Field Test; T-SAFT90). Methods: Eighteen university players (age 23 [2] y, stature 175 [5] cm, body mass 74 [11] kg) performed the 90-minute protocol, with acute physiological responses monitored via heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion (6–20 scale), and body mass changes. Creatine kinase, myoglobin, cortisol, and leukocyte subset concentrations were measured at baseline, immediately (0 h), and 24 hours post T-SAFT90. Results: T-SAFT90 incurred an average heart rate equivalent to 87% (5%) of maximum, 16 (2) a.u. ratings of perceived exertion, and a 1.5% (1.0%) body mass deficit. Moderate to large proliferation of leukocyte subsets (P ≤ .01; leukocytes: 6.4-fold; neutrophils: 5.5-fold; lymphocytes: 2.0-fold) and increases in cortisol (2.3-fold) were observed at 0 hours (effect size = 1.13–3.52), each returning to baseline by 24 hours (P > .45; effect size = 0.05–0.50). Myoglobin peaked immediately post T-SAFT90 (4.8-fold), whereas creatine kinase (24 h: 6.0-fold) showed a delayed time course (both P ≤ .001; very large effects; effect size = 2.66 and 3.43, respectively). Conclusions: The magnitude and time course of the physiological, immune, endocrine, and muscle-damage markers observed during and following T-SAFT90 are similar to values reported in match-play literature, demonstrating external validity of the simulation.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses of Continuous and Intermittent Swimming at Critical Speed and Maximum Lactate Steady State in Children and Adolescent Swimmers

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Nikitakis ◽  
Giorgos Paradisis ◽  
Gregory Bogdanis ◽  
Argyris Toubekis
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Critical Speed ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Maximum Lactate

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare physiological responses during continuous and intermittent swimming at intensity corresponding to critical speed (CS: slope of the distance vs. time relationship using 200 and 400-m tests) with maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) in children and adolescents. Methods: CS and the speed corresponding to MLSS (sMLSS) were calculated in ten male children (11.5 ± 0.4 years) and ten adolescents (15.8 ± 0.7 years). Blood lactate concentration (BL), oxygen uptake ( V · O2), and heart rate (HR) at sMLSS were compared to intermittent (10 × 200-m) and continuous swimming corresponding to CS. Results: CS was similar to sMLSS in children (1.092 ± 0.071 vs. 1.083 ± 0.065 m·s−1; p = 0.12) and adolescents (1.315 ± 0.068 vs. 1.297 ± 0.056 m·s−1; p = 0.12). However, not all swimmers were able to complete 30 min at CS and BL was higher at the end of continuous swimming at CS compared to sMLSS (children: CS: 4.0 ± 1.8, sMLSS: 3.4 ± 1.5; adolescents: CS: 4.5 ± 2.3, sMLSS: 3.1 ± 0.8 mmol·L−1; p < 0.05). V · O2 and HR in continuous swimming at CS were not different compared to sMLSS (p > 0.05). BL, V · O2 and HR in 10 × 200-m were similar to sMLSS and no different between groups. Conclusion: Intermittent swimming at CS presents physiological responses similar to sMLSS. Metabolic responses of continuous swimming at CS may not correspond to MLSS in some children and adolescent swimmers.

Effect of the Number of Ball Contacts Within Bouts of 4 vs. 4 Small-Sided Soccer Games

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Dellal ◽  
Carlos Lago-Penas ◽  
Del P. Wong ◽  
Karim Chamari
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Soccer Player ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Physical Performances

Purpose:The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the number of ball touches authorized per possession on the physical demands, technical performances and physiological responses throughout the bouts within 4 vs. 4 soccer small-sided games (SSGs).Methods:Twenty international soccer players (27.4 ± 1.5 y, 180.6 ± 2.3 cm, 79.2 ± 4.2 kg, body fat 12.7 ± 1.2%) performed three different 4 vs. 4 SSGs (4 × 4 min) in which the number of ball touches authorized per possession was manipulated (1 touch = 1T; 2 touches = 2T; Free Play = FP). The SSGs were divided in 4 bouts (B1, B2, B3 and B4) separated by 3 min of passive recovery. The physical performances, technical activities, heart rate responses, blood lactate and RPE were analyzed.Results:The FP rule presented greater number of duels, induced the lowest decreases of the sprint and high-intensity performances, and affected less the technical actions (successful passes and number of ball losses) from B1 to B4 as compared with 1T and 2T forms. Moreover, the SSG played in 1T form led to reach higher solicitation of the high-intensity actions while players presented more difficulty to perform a correct technical action.Conclusions:The modification of the number of ball touches authorized per possession affects the soccer player activity from the first to the last bout of SSG, indicating that the determination of this rule has to be precisely planned by the coach according to the objectives of the training.

A comparison of the oxygen drift in downhill vs. level running

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 796-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Westerlind ◽  
W. C. Byrnes ◽  
R. S. Mazzeo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Downhill Running ◽  
Vo2max Test ◽  
Level Running ◽  
Over Time

This investigation explored the recent theory that muscle damage causes the drift in oxygen consumption (VO2) during low-intensity downhill running. Seven subjects participated in a maximal VO2 (VO2max) test and three submaximal bouts [one level (Level) and two downhill runs (Down 1, Down 2) at 40% peak VO2]. Two downhill runs (30 min at -10% grade) were performed to vary the extent of muscle damage. Creatine kinase (CK) increased more after Down 1 (61%) than after Down 2 (11%), as did soreness ratings, indicating reduced muscle damage during Down 2. Significantly greater increases in VO2 over time were noted for Down 1 (15.6%) and Down 2 (14.7%) than for Level (1.2%). Heart rate increased 8 beats/min for Level but 29 and 25 beats/min for Down 1 and Down 2, respectively. Expired ventilation increased more for Down 1 (20.5%) and Down 2 (24%) than for Level (3.5%). Rectal temperature increased approximately 0.8 degree C for all bouts. Because the magnitude of the drift was similar in the two downhill bouts, the findings suggest that muscle damage does not cause the drift in VO2 during low-intensity downhill running.

Psychophysiological Responses of Pilots in Hypoxia Training at 7000 and 7500 m

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 785-789
Author(s):  
Dongqing Wen ◽  
Lei Tu ◽  
Guiyou Wang ◽  
Zhao Gu ◽  
Weiru Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Psychomotor Performance ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Awareness Training ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Psychophysiological Responses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Training Protocol

INTRODUCTION: We compared the physiological responses, psychomotor performances, and hypoxia symptoms between 7000 m and 7500 m (23,000 and 24,600 ft) exposure to develop a safer hypoxia training protocol.METHODS: In altitude chamber, 66 male pilots were exposed to 7000 and 7500 m. Heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation were continuously monitored. Psychomotor performance was assessed using the computational task. The hypoxic symptoms were investigated by a questionnaire.RESULTS: The mean duration time of hypoxia was 323.0 56.5 s at 7000 m and 218.2 63.3 s at 7500 m. The 6-min hypoxia training was completed by 57.6% of the pilots and 6.1% of the pilots at 7000 m and at 7500 m, respectively. There were no significant differences in pilots heart rates and psychomotor performance between the two exposures. The Spo2 response at 7500 m was slightly severer than that at 7000 m. During the 7000 m exposure, pilots experienced almost the same symptoms and similar frequency order as those during the 7500 m exposure.CONCLUSIONS: There were concordant symptoms, psychomotor performance, and very similar physiological responses between 7000 m and 7500 m during hypoxia training. The results indicated that 7000-m hypoxia awareness training might be an alternative to 7500-m hypoxia training with lower DCS risk and longer experience time.Wen D, Tu L, Wang G, Gu Z, Shi W, Liu X. Psychophysiological responses of pilots in hypoxia training at 7000 and 7500 m. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(10):785789.

scholarly journals 145 President Oral Presentation Pick: Prenatal stress increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume density and function in yearling Brahman calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 120-121
Author(s):  
Chloey P Guy ◽  
Catherine L Wellman ◽  
David G Riley ◽  
Charles R Long ◽  
Ron D Randel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Assembly Factor ◽  
Mitochondrial Volume ◽  
Mitochondrial Volume Density ◽  
And Function

Abstract We previously determined that prenatal stress (PNS) differentially affected methylation of DNA from leukocytes of 28-d-old calves. Specifically, COX14 (cytochrome c oxidase (COX) assembly factor) and CKMT1B (mitochondrial creatine kinase U-type) were hypomethylated and COA5 (COX assembly factor 5), COX5A (COX subunit 5A), NRF1 (nuclear respiratory factor 1), and GSST1 (glutathione S-transferase theta-1) were hypermethylated in PNS compared to non-PNS calves (P ≤ 0.05). Our current objective was to test the hypothesis that PNS exhibit impaired mitochondrial function and greater oxidative stress than non-PNS calves. Blood and longissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected from yearling Brahman calves whose mothers were stressed by 2 h transportation at 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 days of gestation (PNS; 8 bulls, 6 heifers) and non-PNS calves (4 bulls, 6 heifers). Serum was evaluated for the stress hormone, cortisol, and muscle damage marker, creatine kinase; muscle was analyzed for mitochondrial volume density and function by citrate synthase (CS) and COX activities, respectively, concentration of malondialdehyde, a lipid peroxidation marker, and activity of the antioxidant, superoxide dismutase (SOD). Data were analyzed using mixed linear models with treatment and sex as fixed effects. Serum cortisol was numerically higher in PNS than non-PNS calves but was not statistically different. Muscle CS and COX activities relative to protein were greater in PNS than non-PNS calves (P ≤ 0.03), but COX relative to CS activity was similar between groups. Activity of COX was greater in bulls than heifers (P = 0.03), but no other measure was affected by sex. All other measures were unaffected by PNS. Prenatal stress did not affect markers of muscle damage and oxidative stress in yearling Brahman calves at rest but mitochondrial volume density and function were greater in PNS calves. Acute stressors induce oxidative stress, so implications of differences in mitochondria in PNS calves following a stressor should be investigated.

Modifications in the Concentrations of Circulating Myoglobin after Treatment with Low Doses of Adriamycin

1985 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Carulli ◽  
Aldo Clerico ◽  
Alessandra Marini ◽  
Maria Grazia Del Chicca ◽  
Renato Vanacore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Damage ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb

The modifications in the concentration of circulating myoglobin have been studied by means of a radioimmunoassay in 15 cancer patients undergoing polychemotherapy including adriamycin. In 8 patients significant increases in myoglobin levels were found after injection of low doses of the drug (25-50 mg/m2). Moreover, a disturbance of the normal biorhythm of the protein was evident in 12 patients. Creatine kinase-MB was evaluated by means of a radioimmunoassay, but there was no relation between an increase in the isoenzyme and an increase in myoglobin. No ECG modifications were detected. These data indicate that the measurement of myoglobin may offer an indication of myocardial or skeletal muscle damage caused by adriamycin.

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