Study of cervical smear examination in women between 18 - 70 years age group

Cervical cancer is a malignancy of the cervix that can be prevented, but the cause of death of women due to cancer.Cervical cancer is the second most frequent cancer in women in the world. Indirect female sex workers have a higherrisk of cervical cancer. The aim of this research was to figure out description of cervical smear examination in indirectfemale sex workers at hotspot Maredan Tenayan Raya Pekanbaru. Population of this experiment were all indirectfemale sex workers at hotspot Maredan Tenayan Raya Pekanbaru and samples were taken with total sampling method.The result showed that there were 44 people consist 4% diagnosed with HSIL, 25% were diagnosed with LSIL, 30%diagnosed with ASCUS and 41% with negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (Bacterial vaginosis,Trichomonas vaginalis, Candidiasis presents).

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Comparison between Thin Prep® Preparation (Liquid Based Cytology) and Conventional Pap Smears of Cervical Smear Cytology Lesions – A Study from Kanyakumari, Tamilnadu, India

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/335 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (21) ◽

pp. 1611-1615

Author(s):

Premalatha A. ◽

Velayutham Sumathi

Keyword(s):

Pap Smear ◽

Cervical Cytology ◽

Pap Smears ◽

Low Grade ◽

Age Group ◽

Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽

Cervical Smear ◽

Intraepithelial Lesion ◽

Liquid Based Cytology ◽

Pap Method

BACKGROUND The major cause of mortality among women is cancer of the uterine cervix. It is the second most common cancer worldwide. Pap smear is done as a method of cervical screening to detect precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix. Early detection of these lesions prevent the number of deaths from cervical cancer. Liquid based cervical cytology was developed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of pap smears. The main purpose of this study was to compare the profile of distribution of cervical smear cytology lesions obtained by thin prep preparation (liquid based cytology) and conventional pap method among women in the age group of 25 – 60 yrs. METHODS This is a cross sectional study done among 110 women from the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Conventional and liquid based cytology smears were taken simultaneously from the same women and reported according to the 2001 Bethesda system. RESULTS Majority of the women included in this study fall in the age group of 41 - 50 years [65 (59.1 %)]. Women with a history of persistant vaginal infection were 13 (11.8 %). Out of the 110 pap smears taken by both conventional and liquid based methods, unsatisfactory smears were not detected in liquid based cytology and 6 (5.5 %) unsatisfactory smears were found in conventional pap method. In liquid based cytology, inflammatory smears were detected more (80 %), atrophic smears (2.7 %), smears with features of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) were 4.5 %, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) were 3.6 %, and smears with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) were 0.9 %. Epithelial cell abnormalities were found to be high in liquid based cytology. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal epithelial lesions were detected more in liquid based cytology (thin prep method). The number of unsatisfactory smears were found to be decreased when compared to conventional pap method. KEY WORDS Bethesda Cervical Cytology, Cervical intraepithelial lesion, Conventional Pap Smear, Liquid Based Cytology Smear

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The Value of Cervical Screening in Women over 50 Years of Age —Time for a Multicentre Audit

Scottish Medical Journal ◽

10.1177/003693309804300106 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 19-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

C.A. McKenzie ◽

I.D. Duncan

Keyword(s):

Screening Programme ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Older Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Cervical Smear ◽

History Of

This study reviews the cervical smear history of women developing CIN aged over 50 years to consider if they might be discharged sooner from the cervical screening programme in Tayside Region. From the OCCURS database all women over 50 years who developed CIN between 1 Jan 1993 and 30 June 1996 were identified and their smear history obtained. Results show that had women been discharged from the screening programme at age 50 following three consecutive negative smears and a negative exit smear then only two women with CIN3 and one with microinvasive disease would have been missed in the subsequent three and a half years. A wider geographical survey of the incidence of CIN in this older age group is needed to determine whether it is cost beneficial and cost effective to continue cervical screening beyond the age of 50 years.

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A study of cytopathological pattern of cervical papanicolaou smear examination in women between 20 - 75 years of age group

International Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Pathology ◽

10.33545/pathol.2021.v4.i4a.414 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 04-10

Author(s):

Dr. Shraddha Vardivale ◽

Dr. Jignasa Bhalodia

Keyword(s):

Age Group ◽

Papanicolaou Smear ◽

Smear Examination

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CERVICAL SMEAR

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2012.19.06.2451 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (06) ◽

pp. 782-785

Author(s):

SAMINA ALTAF ◽

MADIHA SAJJAD ◽

SHAZIA QAYYUM

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Age ◽

Positive Finding ◽

Age Group ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Cervical Smear ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cytological Examination ◽

Medical College ◽

Inflammatory Changes ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Objective: To review cervical smear results in women of reproductive age group. Study design: Descriptive study. Place andduration of study: This study was carried out at the pathology department, Railway hospital, Islamic International Medical College Trust.Rawalpindi, from Jan 2007-Dec 2010. Materials and methods: A total of four hundred and seventy seven cervical smears were included in thestudy. Inclusion criteria was females of reproductive age group. Smears from postmenopausal women and those who had hysterectomy wereexcluded from the study. The cervical smear was taken using modified Ayres wooden spatula, or plastic spatula, to collect endocervical sample.The slides prepared were immediately fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol, and were subsequently stained by the recommended procedure of Papstaining. After staining, the slides were mounted with Canada balsam and finally reported by the cytopathologist according to the BethesdaSystem. Results: Four hundred and seventy seven patients were included in the study. Most of the patients belonged to low socio economicstatus. The cytological examination of the smears showed inflammatory changes in 33% (n=159) cases, normal smears/ no positive finding in25% (n= 118) cases, while reactive changes were seen in 2% (n= 10). Dysplastic changes were seen in 2 %( n= 10), while unsatisfactory/Inadequate samples were reported in 38 %( n=182) cases.

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Pattern of epithelial cell abnormality in Pap smear: A clinicopathological and demographic correlation

CytoJournal ◽

10.4103/1742-6413.80527 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 8 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Urmila Banik ◽

Pradip Bhattacharjee ◽

Shahab Uddin Ahamad ◽

Zillur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Epithelial Cell ◽

Developing Country ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Age Group ◽

Smear Examination ◽

Group A ◽

Malignant Lesions

Background: In the low resource settings of a developing country, a conventional Papanicolaou (Pap) test is the mainstay screening system for cervical cancer. In order to counsel women and to organize a public health system for cervical cancer screening by Pap smear examination, it is imperative to know the pattern of premalignant and malignant lesions. This study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of an abnormal Pap smear, in a tertiary hospital of a developing country, and to carry out a clinicopathological and demographical analysis for establishing the pattern of epithelial cell abnormality in a Pap smear. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in a total of 1699 patients who underwent Pap smear examination. The prevalence of epithelial cell abnormality in the Pap smear was calculated in proportions / percentages. Specimen adequacy and reporting was assessed according to the revised Bethesda system. Results: Among the total of 1699 patients who had their Pap smear done, 139 (8.18%) revealed epithelial cell abnormality. Altogether 26 smears revealed high-grade lesions and malignancy, most of which were found to be in women belonging to the 30 – 39 and ≥ 45 age group. A total of 75 (53.96%) women were in the 20 – 44 age group and 64 (46.04%) were in the ≥ 45 age group. A bimodal age distribution was detected in the epithelial cell abnormality, with the bulk being diagnosed in patients aged 45 or above. Overall one-third of the patients with an abnormal Pap smear result showed healthy cervix in per vaginal examination. Conclusions: A raised prevalence of epithelial cell abnormality reflects the lack of awareness about cervical cancer screening. Women aged 45 or above harbor the bulk of premalignant and malignant lesions in the Pap smear, signifying that these women are among the under users of cytological screening.

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Epidemiological and cytological aspects of the cervix in women from the Diourbel region (Senegal) cervical smear screening

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20204780 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 4356

Author(s):

Amadou Ndiade ◽

Ibou Thiam ◽

Abdou Karim Diallo ◽

Ange Lucien Diatta ◽

Fabrice Senghor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Effective Means ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Regional Hospital ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

Age Group ◽

Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽

Cervical Smear ◽

Intraepithelial Lesion ◽

The Mean

Background: Objectives of the study were to record the results of uterine cervical smear tests of women in the Diourbel region to compare epidemiological data with the results of uterine cervical smear tests.Methods: This was a retrospective study of 201 satisfactory cervical smears performed in the period from 01 December 2018 to 01 December 2019 at the laboratory of the regional hospital Henrich Lubcke of Diourbel. All women with a satisfactory smear were included in our study, so we classified patients according to age and parity.Results: The mean age of the patients was 38.41 years with a standard deviation of 11.51 years. The extremes were 15 and 64 years. The age group (30-40 years) was in the majority at 32.34%. Multiparous patients were in the majority, accounting for 43.28%. The cervix was macroscopically healthy in 61.19% of patients and inflammatory in 12.94%. There was 18.41% low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) accounted for 1% of smears. A statistically significant relationship existed between parity and smear result with p˂0.01.Conclusions: Cervical cancer is one of the most fatal cancers in women and the smear remains the safest and most effective means of prevention.

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Trainable Children Can Learn Adjectives, Polars, and Prepositions!

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.0803.181 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 181-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marlys Mitchell ◽

Carolyn Evans ◽

John Bernard

Keyword(s):

Mentally Retarded ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Achievement Gains ◽

Active Involvement ◽

Mentally Retarded Children ◽

Locative Prepositions ◽

Major Factors ◽

Trainable Mentally Retarded

Twelve trainable mentally retarded children were given six weeks of instruction in the use of adjectives, polars, and locative prepositions. Specially prepared Language Master cards constituted the program. Posttests indicated that children in the older chronological age group earned significantly higher scores than those in the younger group. Children in the younger group made significant increases in scores, particularly in learning prepositions. A multisensory approach and active involvement in learning appeared to be major factors in achievement gains.

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