scholarly journals Optimization of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) of silver fir wood (Abies alba Mill.)

Les/Wood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Eli Keržič ◽  
Viljem Vek ◽  
Ida Poljanšek ◽  
Primož Oven
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Accelerated Solvent Extraction ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Phenolic Components ◽  
Solvent Extraction System ◽  
Silver Fir Wood

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of wood plant extractives depend on the efficiency of the extraction method used. The aim of this study was the application of the accelerated solvent extraction system ASE 350 to obtain hydrophilic extracts form silver fir wood (Abies alba Mill.) and optimization of the extraction protocol. Silver fir trees originated from Kočevska Reka. Dissected and milled samples of sapwood, heartwood and knots were extracted with the ASE 350 with water, ethanol (95 % aq), acetone (95 % aq) and ethyl acetate. The number of extraction cycles was determined. Analysis of extracts was done by UV/Vis spectrophotometry and HPLC. The most effective solvent for the extraction of phenolic components from heartwood was ethanol (95 % aq), in the case of sapwood water and acetone (95 % aq) in the case of knotwood. Only two 5-minute extraction cycles were required for sufficient extraction yield when using ASE 350 at 100 °C and 103.42 bar.

Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Foods Using an Accelerated Solvent Extraction System

The Analyst ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Obana ◽  
Kosuke Kikuchi ◽  
Masahiro Okihashi ◽  
Shinjiro Hori
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Accelerated Solvent Extraction ◽  
Extraction System ◽  
Solvent Extraction System

scholarly journals In-depth studies on the modifying effects of natural ageing on the chemical structure of European spruce (Picea abies) and silver fir (Abies alba) woods

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Ghavidel ◽  
Anna Scheglov ◽  
Volker Karius ◽  
Carsten Mai ◽  
Asghar Tarmian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Silver Fir Wood ◽  
The One

Abstract Wood is usually stable under relatively dry conditions but may still undergo slow deterioration. The type of deterioration and how these processes affect the wood are important questions that need consideration if old wooden structures are to be studied and properly preserved. The aim of this paper is to establish the main structural and morphological differences between new and naturally aged European spruce (~ 150–200 years) and silver fir wood (~ 150 years). Naturally aged European spruce (a) was sourced from an outdoor part of a building constructed in the seventeenth century and naturally aged European spruce (b) were obtained from a furniture item located in a historical building from the eighteenth century. The principal age-induced changes in fir are the degradation of C–O and C=O groups in hemicellulose, according to the FTIR analysis. Degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses was observed for spruce, with a greater effect seen in the indoor aged sample. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that after aging C–C/C–H peaks were smaller in the spruce and fir samples, while C–O and O–C–O peaks were larger. The crystallinity index (CrI) obtained by X-ray diffraction showed that due to weathering the CrI of naturally aged spruce (a) increased compared to the new wood. The CrI of the aged spruce (b) and aged fir was lower than in the new woods. The ratios for the spruce sample, which aged indoors, were higher than those for the one aged outdoors. According to the observations made in this study, hemicellulose and cellulose are easily degraded under environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Wood Extractives of Silver Fir and Their Antioxidant and Antifungal Properties

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6412
Author(s):  
Viljem Vek ◽  
Eli Keržič ◽  
Ida Poljanšek ◽  
Patrik Eklund ◽  
Miha Humar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Free Radical Scavengers ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Antioxidative Properties ◽  
Silver Fir Wood

The chemical composition of extractives in the sapwood (SW), heartwood (HW), knotwood (KW), and branchwood (BW of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) was analyzed, and their antifungal and antioxidant properties were studied. In addition, the variability of extractives content in a centripetal direction, i.e., from the periphery of the stem towards the pith, was investigated. The extracts were analyzed chemically with gravimetry, spectrophotometry, and chromatography. The antifungal and antioxidative properties of the extracts were evaluated by the agar well diffusion method and the diphenyl picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method. Average amounts of hydrophilic extractives were higher in KW (up to 210.4 mg/g) and BW (148.6 mg/g) than in HW (34.1 mg/g) and SW (14.8 mg/g). Extractives identified included lignans (isolariciresinol, lariciresinol, secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, matairesinol) phenolic acids (homovanillic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid), and flavonoids epicatechin, taxifolin, quercetin). Secoisolariciresinol was confirmed to be the predominant compound in the KW (29.8 mg/g) and BW (37.6 mg/g) extracts. The largest amount of phenolic compounds was extracted from parts of knots (281.7 mg/g) embedded in the sapwood and from parts of branches (258.9 mg/g) adjacent to the stem. HW contained more lignans in its older sections. Hydrophilic extracts from knots and branches inhibited the growth of wood-decaying fungi and molds. KW and BW extracts were better free radical scavengers than HW extracts. The results of the biological activity tests suggest that the protective function of phenolic extracts in silver fir wood can also be explained by their antioxidative properties. The results of this study describe BW as a potential source of phenolic extractives in silver fir.

Designing a business unit and creating the first ever responsive kitchen

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo FESTA ◽  
Tommaso CORA ◽  
Lucilla FAZIO
Keyword(s):  
Value Creation ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Business Unit ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Relationship

Is it possible to transform stone into a technological and innovative device? The meeting with one of the main stone transformers in Europe produced the intention of a disruptive operation that could affect the strategy of the whole company. A contagious singularity. By intertwining LEAN methodologies and the human-centric approach of design thinking, we mapped the value creation in the company activating a dialogue with the workers and the management, listening to people, asking for ambitions, discovering problems and the potential of production. This qualitative and quantitative analysis conducted with a multidisciplinary approach by designers, architects and marketing strategists allowed us to define a new method. We used it to design a platform that could let all the players express their potential to the maximum. This is how the group's research laboratory was born, with the aim of promoting the relationship between humans and stone through product innovation. With this goal, we coordinated the new team, developing technologies that would allow creating a more direct relationship between man and surface, making the stone reactive. The result was the first responsive kitchen ever.

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