scholarly journals Analysis of measurement conditions influence on the magnetic Barkhausen noise phenomenon

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Michał Paweł Maciusowicz ◽  
Grzegorz Psuj
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Magnetic Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Frequency Representation ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Transformation Methods ◽  
The Impact

The effectiveness of the magnetic Barkhausen noise method (MBN), used for non-destructive testing of ferromagnetic materials, depends to a large extent on a number of factors determining the measurement conditions. The use of conditions allowing the highest possible level of discrimination between the various states of the materials state is of highest importance. Therefore, this paper presents an analysis of the impact of measurement conditions on Barkhausen noise signals observed for various states of the material conditions. Taking into consideration the stochastic nature of MBN and the complex characterization of its changes, the analysis was based on the time-frequency representation of the MBN signal. The paper presents selected distributions achieved using two transformation methods. In addi- tion, the extraction methods of features allowing the quantification of complex information were given. Finally, the discrimination ability for a number of parameters and features of MBN signals were deter- mined and the obtained results were discussed.

scholarly journals Use of Time-Frequency Representation of Magnetic Barkhausen Noise for Evaluation of Easy Magnetization Axis of Grain-Oriented Steel

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Maciusowicz ◽  
Grzegorz Psuj
Keyword(s):  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Magnetic Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Barkhausen Effect ◽  
Easy Magnetization ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Frequency Representation ◽  
Magnetization Axis ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Selection Of

The paper presents a new approach to non-destructive evaluation of easy/hard magnetization axis in grain-oriented SiFe electrical steels based on the Barkhausen phenomenon and its time-frequency (TF) characteristics. Anisotropy in steels is influenced by a number of factors that formulate the global relationship and affect the Barkhausen effect. Due to the observed high variability in the dynamics of magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) over time, obtained for various directions in grain-oriented steel, it becomes justified to conduct MBN signal analyses in the time-frequency domain. This representation allows not only global information from MBN signal over entire period to be expressed, but also detailed relationships between properties in time and in frequency to be observed as well. This creates the opportunity to supplement the information obtained. The main aspect considered in the work is to present a procedure that allows an assessment of the resultant angular characteristics in steel. For this purpose, a sample of a conventional grain-oriented SiFe sheet was used. Measurements were made for several angular settings towards the rolling and transverse directions. A data transformation procedure based on short-time Fourier transform (STFT) as well as quantitative analysis and synthesis of information contained in the TF space was presented. Angular characteristics of selected TF parameters were shown and discussed. In addition, an analysis of the repeatability of information obtained using the proposed procedure under various measurement conditions was carried out. The relationship between the selection of calculation parameters used during transformation and the repeatability of the obtained TF distributions were demonstrated. Then the selection of the final values of the calculation parameters was commented upon. Finally, the conclusions of the work carried out were discussed.

Stress State Determination in Boat Welding Using Magnetic Barkhausen Noise

2014 ◽  
Vol 605 ◽  
pp. 633-636
Author(s):  
Kaliopi Hliadi
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Ferromagnetic Materials ◽  
Physical Principle ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Magnetic Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Magnetic Techniques ◽  
Stress Dependent ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Destructive

The impact of stress on changes in magnetization is one of the most complex issues of magnetism. Magnetic techniques are the most important non-destructive testing technologies to characterize the mechanical features of ferromagnetic materials based on the physical principle of magnetic-stress coupling. Magnetic Barkhausen Noise measurement was used in order to estimate stress state in boat welding. The results have shown that magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials are stress-dependent. A qualitative correlation was found between places with residual stress and areas with increased values of the gradients of the magnetic Barkhausen noise components. Further research is now in progress in order to develop the quantitative relationships.

scholarly journals Use of Time-Dependent Multispectral Representation of Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Signals for the Needs of Non-Destructive Evaluation of Steel Materials

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Maciusowicz ◽  
Grzegorz Psuj
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Magnetic Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Barkhausen Effect ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Non Destructive

Due to the existing relationship between microstructural properties and magnetic ones of the ferromagnetic materials, the application potential of the magnetic Barkhausen noise (BN) method to non-destructive testing is constantly growing. However, the stochastic nature of the Barkhausen effect requires the use of advanced signal processing methods. Recently, the need to apply time-frequency (TF) transformations to the processing of BN signals arose. However, various TF methods have been used in the majority of cases for qualitative signal conditioning and no extensive analysis of TF-based information has been conducted so far. Therefore, in this paper, the wide analysis of BN TF representation was carried out. Considering the properties of TF transformations, the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) was used. A procedure for definition of the envelopes of the TF characteristic was proposed. To verify the quality of extracted features, an analysis was performed on the basis of BN signals acquired during stress loading experiments of steel elements. First, the preliminary experiments were processed for various parameters of the measuring system and calculation procedures. The feature extraction procedure was performed for different modes of TF representations. Finally, the distributions of TF features over the loading stages are presented and their information content was validated using commonly used features derived from time T and frequency F domains.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Possibility of Using Various Time-Frequency Transformation Methods to Barkhausen Noise Characterization for the Need of Magnetic Anisotropy Evaluation in Steels

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6193
Author(s):  
Michal Maciusowicz ◽  
Grzegorz Psuj
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Anisotropy ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Frequency Representation ◽  
Stationary Signals ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Frequency Transformations ◽  
Transformation Methods ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Noise Characterization

Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) is a method being currently considered by many research and development centers, as it provides knowledge about the properties and current state of the examined material. Due to the practical aspects, magnetic anisotropy evaluation is one of such key areas. However, due to the non-stationary and stochastic nature of MBN, it requires searching for postprocessing procedures, allowing the extraction of crucial information on factors influencing the phenomenon. Advances in the field of the analysis of non-stationary signals by various transformations or decompositions resulting into new time- and frequency-related representations, allow the interpretation of complex sets of signals. Therefore, in this paper, several time-frequency transformations were used to analyze the data of MBN for the purpose of the magnetic anisotropy evaluation of electrical steel. The three main transform types with their modifications were considered and compared: the Short-Time Fourier Transform, the Continuous Wavelet Transform and the Smoothed Pseudo Wigner–Ville Transform. By using Exploratory Data Analysis methods and the parametrization of time-frequency representation, the qualitative and quantitative analysis was made. The STFT presented good performance on providing useful information on MBN changes while simultaneously leading to the lowest computational efforts.

Testing of Hardness on Long Rail Welded Joint by Means of Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 490-491 ◽  
pp. 351-357
Author(s):  
Liang Yin ◽  
Di Shu ◽  
Juan Chen ◽  
Xin Qi
Keyword(s):  
Welded Joint ◽  
Brinell Hardness ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Magnetic Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Testing Technique ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Microstructure Of The Material

The experiment shows that the Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) signal strongly depends on the elastic deformation, heat treatment state of surface and microstructure of the material, etc. Using the MBN technology that rely on the material characteristics, MBN can be used for testing the surface hardness of 60kg/m U74 seamless rail made by China Harbin welded rail plant. And the testing result obtained by the MBN method is consistent with the results obtained by the Brinell hardness (HB) method. Consequently, this non-destructive testing technique will have a strong life and an extensive market.

scholarly journals Identification of Grain Oriented SiFe Steels Based on Imaging the Instantaneous Dynamics of Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Using Short-Time Fourier Transform and Deep Convolutional Neural Network

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Michal Maciusowicz ◽  
Grzegorz Psuj ◽  
Paweł Kochmański
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Magnetic Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Short Time Fourier Transform ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Electrical Steels ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Short Time

This paper presents a new approach to the extraction and analysis of information contained in magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) for evaluation of grain oriented (GO) electrical steels. The proposed methodology for MBN analysis is based on the combination of the Short-Time Fourier Transform for the observation of the instantaneous dynamics of the phenomenon and deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) for the extraction of hidden information and building the knowledge. The use of DCNN makes it possible to find even complex and convoluted rules of the Barkhausen phenomenon course, difficult to determine based solely on the selected features of MBN signals. During the tests, several samples made of conventional and high permeability GO steels were tested at different angles between the rolling and transverse directions. The influences of the angular resolution and the proposed additional prediction update algorithm on the DCNN accuracy were investigated, obtaining the highest gain for the angle of 3.6°, for which the overall accuracy exceeded 80%. The obtained results indicate that the proposed new solution combining time–frequency analysis and DCNN for the quantification of information from MBN having stochastic nature may be a very effective tool in the characterization of the magnetic materials.

Evaluating Temper Embrittlement in HY-80 Steel Using Magnetic Barkhausen Noise and Microstructural Characterization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Roberts ◽  
Charles D’Ambra ◽  
Jason Schibler ◽  
Michele Manuel ◽  
Thomas W. Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domain Walls ◽  
Temper Embrittlement ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Magnetic Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Destructive Testing

Abstract HY80 steel is a low-carbon steel known for embodying high strength and toughness properties. This steel is used in submarine applications. Temper embrittlement, which is the reduction of fracture toughness, occurs in steels when subject to aging and drastic temperature fluctuations. These changes occur in submarines over time while in underwater environments. During temper embrittlement, impurity atoms and carbides migrate to grain boundaries, which make the steel more susceptible to fracture. A non-destructive testing (NDT) method is desirable to assess the temper embrittlement damage in HY80. Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) is of interest as being a potential NDT method for analyzing HY80. Focusing on microstructural characterization and its effect on MBN could have implications for establishing an MBN based method to detect varied stages of temper embrittlement in HY80 steel. In this research, samples of HY80 were prepared and heat treated for 16–336 hours to mimic various degrees of temper embrittlement. Microstructural changes with heat treatment were characterized and connected to the MBN produced at each holding time. Methods consisted of performing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and using an MBN measurement system. It was observed that as holding time increases, grain size increases and carbide density within the grains decreases. These carbides, which act as pinning sites, make it more difficult for domain walls to move, consequently affecting MBN energy.

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