scholarly journals Assessment of the dental status of drug-addicted patients with parafunction of the dental-jaw apparatus

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-225
Author(s):  
А.І. Foros ◽  
Ye.Ya. Kostenko ◽  
M.Yu. Goncharuk-Khomyn
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Dental Status ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Jaw Apparatus ◽  
Enamel Erosion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Drug Dependent

The number of drug addicts in the world is growing every year. The aim of the study was to assess the dental status of drug-addicted patients with parafunction of the dental-jaw apparatus. We used clinical, analytical, functional and histological research methods. 119 drug-addicted and 110 non-drug-dependent patients aged 18 to 54 were examined. In order to confirm the presence of parafunctions of the dental-jaw apparatus in patients, we conducted an occludogram study, as well as an assessment of the index of parafunctions of the masticatory muscles and the degree of their severity. The structure of tooth tissues was examined by histological method. Examination of drug-addicted patients revealed the presence of numerous carious cavities, secondary adentia, enamel erosion, pathological abrasion, signs of gingivitis and periodontitis, tooth chipping. The prevalence of parafunction of the dental-jaw apparatus, in particular bruxism, in drug-addicted patients is 1.56 times higher than this figure among non-drug addicts. The results of the occludogram and the index of parafunctions of the masticatory muscles differ significantly between the study groups. The mean value of the masticatory muscle parafunction index among drug-addicted patients is 2.06 times significantly higher than the value among non-drug-addicted men and 2.03 times higher among women. Histological examination of the tooth tissues of drug-addicted patients indicates a disorder of the mineralization of both enamel and dentin. Thinning of the peripheral zone of the pulp, which is normally represented by a layer of odontoblasts, which provide regeneration and nutrition of dentin, is more common in persons under 25 years of age. Drug use adversely affects the dental status of patients and the condition of the hard tissues of the tooth.

scholarly journals Morphometric studies of the damaged skin area after experimental thermal trauma and during correction with a cryo-lyophilized xenograft skin substrate

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
S.B. Kramar ◽  
K.S. Volkov ◽  
Z.M. Nebesna
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Skin Area ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
Thermal Trauma ◽  
Intact Group ◽  
Thin Skin ◽  
The Mean

According to WHO, burns rank third place among other injuries, and in some countries, the second, after traffic injuries. One of the promising tools for treating burn wounds is the use of lyophilized xenograft skin substrate. The purpose of this work was to determine the morphometric parameters of the affected by burns area of the skin in the dynamics after an experimental thermal trauma and in the case of correction by crushed lyophilized xenograft skin substrate. Burning of third degree on the shaved skin of the back of the guinea pig was applied to the vapor under general anesthetic. Morphometrically, at 7, 14, and 21 days of the experiment, the thickness of the epidermis (thin skin without a layer of scales), the number of fibroblast cells per unit area, the outer and inner diameter of the capillaries were determined in the boundary and central areas of the wound. Morphometric studies were carried out using programs VideoTest-5.0, KAAPA Image Base and Microsoft Exсel on a personal computer. Statistical processing of the obtained quantitative data was carried out using methods of variation statistics with the determination of the mean arithmetic and its error (M±m), Student’s criterion (t) and reliability index (p). Differences are considered valid at р≤0.05. It has been established that already in the 7 day of the experiment, under conditions of wound closure by xenograft skin substrate marked a significant thickening of the epidermis on the periphery of the wound appear. Activation of the process of boundary epithelization contributes to the renewal of components of the microcirculatory bed, the formation of granulation tissue. It was found that on the 14 day of application of the corrective factor in the peripheral zone of the wound, the number of cells of the fibroblast row and the mean value of the thickness of the epidermis reach their peak value, significantly (p<0.001) exceeding such indices of animals in intact group and group of animals without correction. The morphometric parameters of capillaries in this period of the experiment indicate a good development of the microcirculation, which improves regional epithelization. On the 21 day of the experiment, under the condition of correction, the border between the regional and central parts of the wound is almost lost. Thus, the results of morphometric studies indicate that the use of cryo-lyophilized xenograft skin substrate after a thermal trauma of the skin contributes to the healing of the wound defect with the formation of connective tissue of the dermis, angiogenesis, and complete epithelization of the surface of the affected epidermis layer.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE SIZE OF THE ANGLE OF THE MANDIBLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-844
Author(s):  
Svetlana Jovevska ◽  
Mihajlo Petrovski
Keyword(s):  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Posterior Border ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Lower Border ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Line Tangent ◽  
The Mean

Тhe mandible is a paired bone that develops within the mandibular arch, embedding teeth and forming anarticulation of the jaw with the cranium. Morphological changes are brought about by aging. The gonial angle, orthe angle of mandible, is formed by the line tangent to thelower border of the mandible and the line tangent to the distal border of the ascending ramus and condyle ie the lower jaw angle is formed by the ramus line (RL) and the mandibular line (ML), where RL is the tangent to the posterior border of the mandible and ML is the lower border of the mandible through the gnathion (gn) Withage the masticatory muscles change in function and structure with decreased contractile activity and lower muscle density. The gonial angle can be used as a tool inforensic odontology, but has received less attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the angle of mandible comparing mandibular bones and OPGs. The study further intends to evaluate the variation in age using the gonialangle as a parameter. A total of 50 mandibles and 50 OPGs were included in the study. The study materials were obtained from theDepartment of Anatomy and the Department of Radiology of Simple methodology was employed for obtaining data. The gonial angle in mandibular bones was measured as the angle formed by the base of the mandible and the posterior border of the ramus by the scale of protractor, which isplaced over the angle of mandible in such a way that the base of the protractor coincides with the base of the mandible. The angle was recorded in degrees.The gonial angle in OPG was measured by a line drawn tangential to the lower border of the mandible and the linedrawn tangential to the posterior border of the ramus and the condyle. The intersection of these two lines formed the gonial angle which was measured using a protractor in the same way. The angle was recorded in degrees.All the readings were recorded and the mean value was calculated.The present study shows various values of gonial angle inOPG and mandibular bones. No significant difference was observed between these two. On comparison of gonial angle the mandibular bone showed slightly greater value than OPG The mean value of the gonial angles were found to beslightly more in mandibular bones and were lesser in OPG.There seems to be differencein the gonial angle with different age groups but not significant. Both mandibular bones and OPGs showed almost similar readings. Thusgonial angle serves as an adjuvant and additional forensic parameter which guides for age group assessment, subjectto odontological status.

scholarly journals The role of occlusal factor in the etiology of temporomandibular dysfunction

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 613-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodan Dodic ◽  
Vladimir Sinobad ◽  
Kosovka Obradovic-Djuricic ◽  
Vesna Medic
Keyword(s):  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Craniomandibular Dysfunction ◽  
Temporomandibular Dysfunction ◽  
The Mean

Introduction. The influence of occlusal condition at the onset of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has been strongly debated for many years and still is the source of controversy. Up to the eighties in the last century, the occlusal factors such as the presence of uncured malocclusions, discrepancies between intercuspal position and retruded contact position greater than two millimeters, retrusive and nonworking side interferences and loss of posterior teeth were considered to be the primary causes of TMD. Objective. The aim of this study was to estimate the role of occlusal factor in the etiology of craniomandibular dysfunction and therapeutic effects of irreversible occlusal therapy (occlusal equilibration) in patients with TMD. Methods. In the investigation we studied a group of 200 men and women. The average age of the selected patients was between18 and 25 years. The purpose of TMD signs and symptoms was confirmed in every patient using a special functional analysis and evaluating the craniomandibular index (CMI) according to Fricton and Schiffman. The value of craniomandibular index was determined in the group of 15 patients with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction. In the study groups occlusal equilibration (selective grinding) was performed according to Okeson using the central position of the mandible as the referent position in the occlusal therapy. The value of CMI was determined before and 30 days after occlusal equilibration. Results. The results of this study confirmed the significant reduction in the signs and symptoms of TMD after occlusal equilibration. The statistical elaboration of the differences between the values of CMI I (before treatment) and CMI II (30 days after treatment) revealed highly significant differences. The CMI I values in the group ranged between 0.076 and 0.346 with the mean value of 0.188?0.082.The values of CMI II ranged between 0.038 and 0.19 with the mean value of 0.038?0.053. Conclusion. The study conformed the validity of irreversible occlusal therapy (selective grinding) in patients with TMD.

scholarly journals Deep learning vs. atlas-based models for fast auto-segmentation of the masticatory muscles on head and neck CT images

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Chen ◽  
Yimin Li ◽  
Brandon A Dyer ◽  
Xue Feng ◽  
Shyam Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Dice Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Segmentation Accuracy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Deep Learning Model

Abstract Background: Impaired function of masticatory muscles will lead to trismus. Routine delineation of these muscles during planning may improve dose tracking and facilitate dose reduction resulting in decreased radiation-related trismus. This study aimed to compare a deep learning model with a commercial atlas-based model for fast auto-segmentation of the masticatory muscles on head and neck computed tomography (CT) images. Material and methods: Paired masseter (M), temporalis (T), medial and lateral pterygoid (MP, LP) muscles were manually segmented on 56 CT images. CT images were randomly divided into training (n=27) and validation (n=29) cohorts. Two methods were used for automatic delineation of masticatory muscles (MMs): Deep learning auto-segmentation (DLAS) and atlas-based auto-segmentation (ABAS). The automatic algorithms were evaluated using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), recall, precision, Hausdorff distance (HD), HD95, and mean surface distance (MSD). A consolidated score was calculated by normalizing the metrics against interobserver variability and averaging over all patients. Differences in dose (∆Dose) to MMs for DLAS and ABAS segmentations were assessed. A paired t-test was used to compare the geometric and dosimetric difference between DLAS and ABAS methods.Results: DLAS outperformed ABAS in delineating all MMs (p < 0.05). The DLAS mean DSC for M, T, MP, and LP ranged from 0.83±0.03 to 0.89±0.02, the ABAS mean DSC ranged from 0.79±0.05 to 0.85±0.04. The mean value for recall, HD, HD95, MSD also improved with DLAS for auto-segmentation. Interobserver variation revealed the highest variability in DSC and MSD for both T and MP, and the highest scores were achieved for T by both automatic algorithms. With few exceptions, the mean ∆D98%, ∆D95%, ∆D50%, and ∆D2% for all structures were below 10% for DLAS and ABAS and had no detectable statistical difference (P >0.05). DLAS based contours had dose endpoints more closely matched with that of the manually segmented when compared with ABAS. Conclusions: DLAS auto-segmentation of masticatory muscles for the head and neck radiotherapy had improved segmentation accuracy compared with ABAS with no qualitative difference in dosimetric endpoints compared to manually segmented contours.

scholarly journals Deep learning vs. atlas-based models for fast auto-segmentation of the masticatory muscles on head and neck CT images

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Chen ◽  
Brandon A Dyer ◽  
Xue Feng ◽  
Yimin Li ◽  
Shyam Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Dice Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Segmentation Accuracy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Deep Learning Model

Abstract Background: Trismus is caused by impaired function of masticatory muscles. Routine delineation of these muscles during planning may improve dose tracking and facilitate dose reduction resulting in decreased radiation-related trismus. This study aimed to compare a deep learning model vs. a commercial atlas-based model for fast auto-segmentation of the masticatory muscles on head and neck computed tomography (CT) images. Material and methods: Paired masseter (M), temporalis (T), medial and lateral pterygoid (MP, LP) muscles were manually segmented on 56 CT images. CT images were randomly divided into training (n=27) and validation (n=29) cohorts. Two methods were used for automatic delineation of masticatory muscles (MMs): Deep learning auto-segmentation (DLAS) and atlas-based auto-segmentation (ABAS). Quantitative assessment of automatic versus manually segmented contours were performed using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), recall, precision, Hausdorff distance (HD), HD95, and mean surface distance (MSD). The interobserver variability in manual segmentation of MMs was also evaluated. Differences in dose (∆Dose) to MMs for DLAS and ABAS segmentations were assessed. A paired t-test was used to compare the geometric and dosimetric difference between DLAS and ABAS methods.Results: DLAS outperformed ABAS in delineating all MMs (p < 0.05). The DLAS mean DSC for M, T, MP, and LP ranged between 0.83±0.03 to 0.89±0.02, the ABAS mean DSC ranged between 0.79±0.05 to 0.85±0.04. The mean value for recall, precision, HD, HD95, MSD also improved with DLAS for auto-segmentation and were close to the mean interobserver variation. With few exceptions, ∆D99%, ∆D95%, ∆D50%, and ∆D1% for all structures were below 10% for DLAS and ABAS and had no detectable statistical difference (P >0.05). DLAS based contours have dose endpoints more closely matched with that of the manually segmented when compared with ABAS. Conclusions: DLAS auto-segmentation of masticatory muscles for the head and neck radiotherapy had improved segmentation accuracy compared with ABAS with no qualitative difference in dosimetric endpoints compared to manually segmented contours.

Long-period modulated superstructures in Pd-12.5 at.%Ce and Pd-15 at.%Ce alloys

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Kuwano ◽  
Masaru Itakura ◽  
Kensuke Oki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Ultra High Purity ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Atomic Scattering ◽  
The Mean

Pd-Ce alloys exhibit various anomalies in physical properties due to mixed valences of Ce, and the anomalies are thought to be strongly related with the crystal structures. Since Pd and Ce are both heavy elements, relative magnitudes of (fcc-fpd) are so small compared with <f> that superlattice reflections, even if any, sometimes cannot be detected in conventional x-ray powder patterns, where fee and fpd are atomic scattering factors of Ce and Pd, and <f> the mean value in the crystal. However, superlattices in Pd-Ce alloys can be analyzed by electron microscopy, thanks to the high detectability of electron diffraction. In this work, we investigated modulated superstructures in alloys with 12.5 and 15.0 at.%Ce.Ingots of Pd-Ce alloys were prepared in an arc furnace under atmosphere of ultra high purity argon. The disc specimens cut out from the ingots were heat-treated in vacuum and electrothinned to electron transparency by a jet method.

Partition Coefficient Ratios and Tumour Perfusion Studied with 85mKr and 133Xe

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (06) ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
M. Mäntylä ◽  
J. Perkkiö ◽  
J. Heikkonen
Keyword(s):  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Perfusion Rate ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
The Mean

The relative partition coefficients of krypton and xenon, and the regional blood flow in 27 superficial malignant tumour nodules in 22 patients with diagnosed tumours were measured using the 85mKr- and 133Xe-clearance method. In order to minimize the effect of biological variables on the measurements the radionuclides were injected simultaneously into the tumour. The distribution of the radiotracers was assumed to be in equilibrium at the beginning of the experiment. The blood perfusion was calculated by fitting a two-exponential function to the measuring points. The mean value of the perfusion rate calculated from the xenon results was 13 ± 10 ml/(100 g-min) [range 3 to 38 ml/(100 g-min)] and from the krypton results 19 ± 11 ml/(100 g-min) [range 5 to 45 ml/(100 g-min)]. These values were obtained, if the partition coefficients are equal to one. The equations obtained by using compartmental analysis were used for the calculation of the relative partition coefficient of krypton and xenon. The partition coefficient of krypton was found to be slightly smaller than that of xenon, which may be due to its smaller molecular weight.

Detection of Soluble Fibrin Monomer Complexes in Blood by Means of Protamine Sulphate Test

1968 ◽  
Vol 20 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 044-049 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Lipiński ◽  
K Worowski
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Coronary Thrombosis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Protamine Sulphate ◽  
Soluble Fibrin ◽  
Fibrin Monomer ◽  
Dog Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Precipitable Protein

SummaryIn the present paper described is a simple test for detecting soluble fibrin monomer complexes (SFMC) in blood. The test consists in mixing 1% protamine sulphate with diluted oxalated plasma or serum and reading the optical density at 6190 Å. In experiments with dog plasma, enriched with soluble fibrin complexes, it was shown that OD read in PS test is proportional to the amount of fibrin recovered from the precipitate. It was found that SFMC level in plasma increases in rabbits infused intravenously with thrombin and decreases after injection of plasmin with streptokinase. In both cases PS precipitable protein in serum is elevated indicating enhanced fibrinolysis. In healthy human subjects the mean value of OD readings in plasma and sera were found to be 0.30 and 0.11, while in patients with coronary thrombosis they are 0.64 and 0.05 respectively. The origin of SFMC in circulation under physiological and pathological conditions is discussed.

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

Determination of Plasminogen in Clots and Thrombi

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 038-050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Hedner ◽  
Inga Marie Nilsson ◽  
B Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Digestion Time ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Casein Solution ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe plasminogen content was determined by a casein method in plasma and serum from 20 normal volunteers. The mean plasminogen content was found to be 10.1 ACU (the arbitrary caseinolytic unit defined in such a way that using a 3% casein solution and a digestion time of 20 min. at 37°C, 10 ACU gave an extinction of 0.300). No difference between serum and plasma regarding the plasminogen content was found.Plasminogen was determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from 2 ml plasma. The highest values found in the drained clots were 0.9 ACU/clot and 0.2 ACU/clot in the drained plus washed clots.Plasminogen was also determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from plasma with added purified plasminogen. The plasminogen was recovered in the washing fluid. According to these tests, then, purified added plasminogen is washed out of the clots.The plasminogen content of 20 thrombi obtained post mortem was also determined. The mean value was found to be 0.7 ACU/cm thrombus. Judging from our results, the “intrinsic clot lysis theory” is not the main mechanism of clot dissolution.

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