Allelopathic potential of  Malaysian invasive weed species to control weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea Roshev)

In laboratory bioassay, we studied the effects of methanolic extracts of 30-Malaysian invasive weed species (9 families) on the seeds survival rate and seedlings growth of Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea Roshev). Five concentrations [6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 (g L-1)] of methanolic extracts were used and control was distilled water. The Weedy rice seeds survival rate and seedlings growth (radicle and hypocotyl length) of 7-day-old seedlings were reduced by the increasing concentrations of extracts than control. Probit analysis and the concentrations required for 50% inhibition (EC50) showed that radicle growth was more suppressed than seeds survival rate and hypocotyl growth. Among the tested weed species, Parthenium hysterophorus L., Cleome rutidosperma DC. and Borrreria alata (Aubl.) DC. proved strongly allelopathic and thus, could be used to develop eco-friendly herbicides.

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MANAGEMENT OF RED RICE (ORYZA SATIVA) AND BARNYARDGRASS (ECHINOCHLOA CRUS-GALLI) GROWN WITH SORGHUM WITH REDUCED RATE OF ATRAZINE AND MECHANICAL METHODS

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479712000671 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 587-596 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

ANDRÉ ANDRES ◽

GERMANI CONCENÇO ◽

GIOVANI THEISEN ◽

LEANDRO GALON ◽

FRANCO TESIO

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Weed Control ◽

Control Method ◽

Application Rate ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Weedy Rice ◽

Red Rice ◽

Weed Species ◽

Mechanical Methods ◽

Tillage System

SUMMARYThe weedy variety ofOryza sativaoccurs in several rice cultivation areas reducing both grain yield and quality. Prevention and crop rotation are considered the basic means to reduce its presence. Weed control in sorghum is generally attained with atrazine. In this study, the efficacy of both chemical and mechanical methods for control, under different soil tillage conditions, of weedy rice and barnyardgrass during sorghum cultivation was evaluated with the aim to reduce the application rate of atrazine. In the case of chemical control, the atrazine rate (1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000 ga.i.ha−1) and application timing (pre- and post-emergence) were assessed. With the mechanical control method, the number of interventions (inter-row hoeing with sorghum at 3, 4–5 and 6–8 leaves) to avoid weed competition was determined. The effect of the tillage system on weed population was investigated comparing conventional (ploughing), minimum-tillage (disc harrowing) and sod seeding (no-tillage) in combination with pre- and post-emergence herbicide treatments. The results showed that efficient control of weedy rice and barnyardgrass was achieved in lowlands with sorghum in rotation with rice. Both chemical and mechanical methods of weed control in sorghum gave a level of efficiency higher than 60%. The application of atrazine was more efficient in pre-emergence application, rather than in post-emergence treatments, in all soil tillage systems tested. On both weed species, the most suitable application rate was the pre-emergence treatment with 1500 ga.i.ha−1, and the adoption of higher rates did not significantly increase the herbicidal efficacy. The adoption of two or three mechanical interventions resulted in sorghum yield higher than the chemical post-emergence application, and similar to the application of atrazine in pre-emergence. Higher yield results were in accordance to greater weed control, being obtained in the conventional tillage system.

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Repeatable Stair-step Assay to Access the Allelopathic Potential of Weedy Rice (Oryza sativa ssp.)

Journal of Visualized Experiments ◽

10.3791/60764 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Brooklyn C. Schumaker ◽

Shandrea Stallworth ◽

Edicarlos De Castro ◽

Mary Grace Fuller ◽

Swati Shrestha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Weedy Rice ◽

Allelopathic Potential

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Allelopathic potential of croton bonplandianus bail

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences ◽

10.18231/j.jpbs.2021.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 29-34

Author(s):

H.S. Patil ◽

Rajesh Sharma

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Vigna Radiata ◽

Mung Bean ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Invasive Weeds ◽

Weed Species ◽

Invasive Weed ◽

Allelopathic Potential

An extensive survey of floristic of native and invasive weed species was carried out during 2016 to 2019 in the semiarid agro ecosystem of Baramati Tahsil, Dist- Pune (M.S.). About 18 dominant invasive weeds such as Ageratum, Alternanthera, Croton., Xanthium, Parthenium and Tridax were encroaching the natives, becoming a serious threat to the major crops of this area such as wheat, sorghum, pearl millet, mung bean, pigeon pea, chillies and tomato. Amongst these Croton bonplandianus was highly dominant and wide spreading. Hence, its allelopathic potential was investigated. The allelopathic influence of leaf and root leachates as well as extracts of Croton bonplandianus Bail. was examined on seed germination of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). The germination assay revealed that allelopathic potential and other factors are responsible for its dominance and successful invasion. The allelopathic influence of rhizosphere soil and its aqueous leachates indicated that both are responsible for inhibiting the seed germination and seedling growth of mungbean. Both the experiments have clearly confirmed the allelopathic potential of Croton bonplandianus. The HPTLC analyses confirmed the existence of a broad groups of allelochemicals like terpenoides, steroids, flavonoids, pungent and bitter essential oils and phenolics in its leaves and roots, which confirmed its allelopathic potential. Further characterization of above mentioned allelochemicals is in progress.

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Evaluation of Allelopathic Activity of Chinese Medicinal Plants and Identification of Shikimic Acid as an Allelochemical from Illicium verum Hook. f.

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9060684 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 684

Author(s):

Aniya ◽

Yoshihiro Nomura ◽

Fuerdeng ◽

Kwame Sarpong Appiah ◽

Yoshiharu Fujii

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Plant Species ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Shikimic Acid ◽

Hypocotyl Growth ◽

Radicle Growth ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Star Anise ◽

Chinese Medicinal Plants ◽

Illicium Verum

This study focused on the potential allelopathy of 50 species of Chinese medicinal plants, which are mainly distributed in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia, and Yunnan Province. The “sandwich method” was adopted and used for the screening for allelopathic potential among these plant species. Further phytotoxic evaluation of the candidate species was conducted by applying plant extracts to crops and weed species. The results of this study indicated that among the 50 medicinal plant species evaluated, the fruits of Illicium verum Hook. f. (star anise) showed the most significant allelopathic potential through the leaf leachates. Shikimic acid was identified to be the main bioactive compound (about 7% dry weight) in star anise by reversed-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis. The phytotoxic bioassay indicated that both the crude extract of the Chinese star anise and the synthetic shikimic acid showed strong inhibitory activity on the radicle and hypocotyl growth of lettuce. The radicle growth inhibition of lettuce caused by the crude extract of star anise could be explained by the contribution of the biological activity of shikimic acid. In conclusion, shikimic acid could be a putative allelochemical in the fruits of Illicium verum and could be utilized in sustainable weed management.

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Allelopathic screening of Malaysian noxious weeds and several medicinal plants as potential alleloherbicides

Journal of Environmental Biology ◽

10.22438/jeb/42/3(si)/jeb-05 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (3(SI)) ◽

pp. 762-774

Author(s):

M.S. Ishak ◽

◽

M.B. Nurul Ain ◽

I. Sahid ◽

K. Mardiana-Jansar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Leaf Litter ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Base Line ◽

Lettuce Seed ◽

Weed Species ◽

Hypocotyl Growth ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Noxious Weeds ◽

Sandwich Method

Aim: This research was conducted to assess the allelopathic potential of 100 plants species, including noxious weeds and medicinal plants of Malaysia as donor plant on the growth of Lactuca sativa (lettuce) as the recipient plant. This study was also carried out to justify common weeds found in Malaysia to act as a natural herbicide for weed management through allelopathy phenomenon. Methodology: Weed and medicinal plant species commonly found in Malaysia were identified according to their morphological characteristics. Sandwich method was carried out to determine the allelopathic potential of weed species through leaf litter leachate mechanism. On the other hand, dish pack method was conducted to discover the allelopathic potential of weed species through volatilization pathway. Results: 100 weed species and medicinal plants commonly found in Malaysia inhibited the radicle and hypocotyl growth of L. sativa by both sandwich method and dish pack method. Among 100 weed species, Passiflora foetida showed the maximum inhibitory effects on L. sativa growth in both sandwich and dish pack method. The highest amount of P. foetida leaf litter (50 mg), completely inhibited the growth of radicle and hypocotyl of L. sativa. Volatilization of weed and medicinal plants leaf litter inhibited the growth of L. sativa with increasing distances of lettuce seed with the weed and medicinal plants leaf litter. Interpretation: The findings of this study provides a base line for identifying plants with allelopathic properties for controlling weed propagation.

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Allelopathic Influence of Residues from Sphagneticola trilobata on Weeds and Crops

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582016340100008 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 81-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. HERNÁNDEZ-ARO ◽

R. HERNÁNDEZ-PÉREZ ◽

D. GUILLÉN-SÁNCHEZ ◽

S. TORRES-GARCIA

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Weed Management ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Soil Microflora ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Hypocotyl Growth ◽

Hypocotyl Length ◽

Radicle Growth ◽

Species Response

The allelopathic effect studied in many cultures has currently generated great expectations that displayed a natural and environmentally friendly tool for weed management using bioherbicides. The objective of this work was to assess allelopathic influence of residues of S. trilobata on the germination and growth of weeds, as well as their relation with some crops and effects on soil properties. Results show that residues from S. trilobata have inhibited the germination of weeds (31.6 - 72%), increasingly with the applied dose. All residue doses of this specie have inhibited dicotyledonous germination, but only maximum concentration has affected monocotyledons. The residues did not affect onion germination, but stimulated it in radish and tomato, while the dose applied at 50% produced tomato stimulation and inhibition of cabbage. The effects of residues on hypocotyl growth in different crops showed changes in species response. For onion, the three doses had negative effects on the growth of hypocotyl, while tomato was stimulated. For radish, the growth was hindered by any dose applied, and were only different (50 and 100%) compared to control. For cabbage, only hypocotyl length was stimulated, when maximum dose (100%) was applied. For the radicle growth, in onion and radish no differences were found compared to control. While the tomato radicle growth was inhibited, in cabbage, all doses encouraged the elongation of the radicle. The dry mass of weed was affected by increased dose of residue (0.49 - 8.8 g m-2), however the soil microflora was stimulated, while the population of Azotobacter spp. was not affect. Some soil properties were affected, the level of organic material, Na+ and electrical conductivity were increased, while pH (H2O) decreased a bit, however it remained basic.

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Comparative response of Malaysian weedy rice (Oryza sativa) initial growth towards the allelopathic potential of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit and Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. f.) Underw

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/880/1/012040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 880 (1) ◽

pp. 012040

Author(s):

M S Ishak ◽

Z Iberahim ◽

K Mardiana-Jansar

Keyword(s):

Rice Variety ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

Weedy Rice ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Radicle Growth ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Comparative Response ◽

Box Method ◽

Dicranopteris Linearis

Abstract The infestation of weedy rice has becoming a threat which leads to competition between weedy rice and commercial rice for nutrient uptake. Weedy rice management is more dependent on the herbicides application that can contribute to various environmental problems. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the allelopathic potential of two invasive plants namely L. leucocephala and D. linearis in controlling the growth of weedy rice. The allelopathic potential was evaluated through laboratory bioassay namely the dish pack method, sandwich method and plant box method to determine the allelopathic potential on the seedling growth of two weedy rice variants collected in Peninsular Malaysia (designated as WRE and WRN) and MR220 CL2 rice variety. Highest concentration of L. leucocephala leaf litter (50 mg) inhibited the radicle elongation of MR220 CL2, WRN and WRE by 49 %, 51 % and 83 % compared to control, respectively. Through the dish pack method, the volatile compound from D. linearis leaf were found to disrupt the radicle growth of MR220 CL2, WRN and WRE by 21 %, 29 % and 25 % of the control at the nearest distance (41 mm) of the bioassay plants with the D. linearis leaf. Compared with D. linearis, the root exudate from L. leucocephala exhibited higher inhibitory effect towards the bioassay species. Overall, the findings from this study showed that the allelopathic potential of L. leucocephala was more preferable to be investigated further for sustainable weedy rice management in the future by infusing the biological approach.

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Allelopathic Potential of Etlingera coccinea (B.) Sakai & Nagam on Seed Germination and Growth of Mung Bean and Siam Weed

Science Letters ◽

10.24191/sl.v15i2.13829 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 79-89

Author(s):

Mohamad Nadzrin Mohamad Zainurin ◽

◽

Nurfitri Harman ◽

Lo Chor Wai ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Mung Bean ◽

Suppressive Effect ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Weed Species ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Germination And Growth

Etlingera coccinea, a native Borneon Zingiberaceae are found to exert allelopathic effect on some weed species. The objective of this study is to investigate the allelopathic effects of hexane (80%), methanol (80%), ethyl acetate (80%) extracts from the dried powder of both stem and leaf of E. coccinea on mung bean (Vigna radiata) and Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata). The phytochemical screening of both stem and leaf crude extracts elicited saponin, tannin, flavonoid, and terpenoid, which are targeted bioactive compounds for allelopathy. The allelopathic activity was assessed by evaluating their effects on seed germination and percentage of radicle and shoot growth. The results showed that both stem and leaf extracts have a suppressive effect on the mung bean development during in-vitro bioassay. The methanolic extracts of both stem and leaf showed the most significant suppression (100%) than other solvent extracts. In the pot experiment, the methanolic stem extracts suppressed the Siam weed’s germination by 57 ± 0.13% and the methanolic leaf extracts suppressed the growth by 46 ± 0.29%. The present study shows that E. coccinea methanolic extract has the potential as bio-herbicide.

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Allelopathic Effect of Quercetin, a Flavonoid from Fagopyrum esculentum Roots in the Radicle Growth of Phelipanche ramosa: Quercetin Natural and Semisynthetic Analogues Were Used for a Structure-Activity Relationship Investigation

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10030543 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 543

Author(s):

Mónica Fernández-Aparicio ◽

Marco Masi ◽

Alessio Cimmino ◽

Susana Vilariño ◽

Antonio Evidente

Keyword(s):

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Weed Species ◽

Radicle Growth ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Lavandula Stoechas ◽

Dittrichia Viscosa ◽

Phelipanche Ramosa ◽

Hydroxy Groups

Allelopathic potential of buckwheat roots on the radicle growth of the broomrape weed species Orobanche cumana and Phelipanche ramosa was studied. Buckwheat root exudates induced a significant growth inhibition in P. ramosa radicles but radicles of O. cumana were not affected. Among the metabolites present in the root organic extract we identified the flavonol quercetin and the stilbene p-coumaric acid methyl ester with only quercetin showing inhibitory effect on P. ramosa. The activity of quercetin was compared with other two similar flavanoids, the flavone apigenin and the dihydroflavanol 3-O-acetylpadmatin extracted respectively from Lavandula stoechas and Dittrichia viscosa plants. In this comparative assay only 3-O-acetylpadmatin besides quercetin, showed inhibition activity of radicle growth while apigenin was inactive. These results indicated that the presence of two ortho-free hydroxy groups of C ring, like catechol, could be an important feature to impart activity while the carbon skeleton of B ring and substituents of both A and B rings are not essential. Besides reduction of radicle growth, haustorium induction was observed at the tip of P. ramosa radicles treated with quercetin which swelled and a layer of papillae was formed. Activity of quercetin on haustorium induction in P. ramosa was assayed in comparison with the known haustorium-inducing factor 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (DMBQ) and a three partial methyl ether derivatives semisynthetized from quercetin. Results indicated that P. ramosa haustorium was induced by DMBQ at concentrations of 1–0.5 mM and quercetin and its derivatives at concentration range 0.1–0.05 mM.

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Effect of Herbicides on the Management of the Invasive Weed Solanum rostratum Dunal (Solanaceae)

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020284 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 284

Author(s):

Jackline Abu-Nassar ◽

Maor Matzrafi

Keyword(s):

Growth Stage ◽

Late Summer ◽

Early Spring ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Weed Species ◽

Invasive Weed ◽

Solanum Rostratum ◽

Stage 4 ◽

Chemical Solutions ◽

Late Growth

Solanum rostratum Dunal is an invasive weed species that invaded Israel in the 1950s. The weed appears in several germination flashes, from early spring until late summer. Recently, an increase in its distribution range was observed, alongside the identification of new populations in the northern part of Israel. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of herbicide application for the control of S. rostratum using two field populations originated from the Golan Heights and the Jezreel Valley. While minor differences in herbicide efficacy were recorded between populations, plant growth stage had a significant effect on herbicide response. Carfentrazone-ethyl was found to be highly effective in controlling plants at both early and late growth stages. Metribuzin, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen and tembutrione showed reduced efficacy when applied at later growth stage (8–9 cm height), as compared to the application at an early growth stage (4–5 cm height). Tank mixes of oxadiazon and oxyfluorfen with different concentrations of surfactant improved later growth stage plant control. Taken together, our study highlights several herbicides that can improve weed control and may be used as chemical solutions alongside diversified crop rotation options. Thus, they may aid in preventing the spread and further buildup of S. rostratum field populations.

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