TAJIK COMMUNITIES IN RUSSIAN REGIONS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: EMPLOYMENT AND SOLIDARITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Ryazantsev ◽  
◽  
Zafar K. Vazirov ◽  
Osim K. Kasymov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
State Of Stress ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Ethnic Entrepreneurs ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Monetary Income

In the course of field research, statistical and sociological data were collected on the number, socio-demographic structure and problems of Tajik migrants in various regions of the Russian Federation. During the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia, Tajik migrants faced social and economic difficulties. The pandemic has significantly complicated the situation of Tajik citizens — temporary labor migrants in Russia. Many were unable to leave Russia before the borders were closed, and during the lockdown they lost their jobs and sources of income. The loss of a job turned into problems both for the migrants who remained in Russia and for their families, who could not receive remittances from Russia. Many labor migrants were forced to look for work, adapt to the new socio-economic situation, experienced pressure from the security forces, lost their health and were in a state of stress. Labor migrants from Tajikistan, who initially lost income during the lockdown in April-May 2020, were gradually able to adapt to the new socio-economic conditions and restore their monetary income, continuing to provide assistance to their families in their homeland. Three types of Tajik public associations in Russia have been identified and described: organizations positioning themselves through the ethnocultural component and carrying out cultural projects; organizations providing various types of assistance to citizens and immigrants from Tajikistan (for example, labor migrants); organizations uniting representatives of socio-demographic groups from Tajikistan (for example, working with youth). The article also analyzes the forms of solidarity of Tajik communities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia; it is revealed that the main burden of supporting Tajik migrants was carried by ethnic entrepreneurs and non-governmental organizations.

scholarly journals Cultural Exchanges between Russia and Turkmenistan: Structure, Dynamics, and Defining Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
Ksenia G. Muratshina
Keyword(s):  
Recent Decade ◽  
Soviet Republic ◽  
Asian Studies ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Cultural Exchanges ◽  
Independent States ◽  
The Russian Federation

Cultural exchanges are an essential component of humanitarian interaction between countries and societies, in particular, between political partners and neighboring states whose citizens regularly communicate with each other. This paper discusses cooperation in the area of cultural exchanges between the Russian Federation and one of its Central Asian neighbors the former Soviet republic of Turkmenistan. To date, cultural exchanges and humanitarian cooperation have received very little attention in Central Asian studies, despite the attention paid to Russian-Turkmen economic cooperation and policy aspects. This paper is aimed at illuminating the modes, factors, dynamics, and defining features of the Russia-Turkmenistan cooperation in the area of cultural exchanges over the recent decade. The notions “cultural exchanges”, “humanitarian cooperation”, and “cooperation in the area of cultural exchanges” are explored in Russian-Turkmen diplomatic documents and the legislation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The author has studied such sources as diplomatic documents, interviews, newsletters of state institutions and non-governmental organizations, and news archives of Russian and Turkmen media.

scholarly journals CROSS‐NATIONAL MENTORING NGOS IN TRANSITION SOCIETIES: FIELD RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTS IN BULGARIA

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Bogdanova
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Organizational Practices ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Cross National

Non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) in societies undergoing socio‐economic transition are widely regarded as central to building a civil society that encourages democracy. At the moment, the Bulgarian civil society depends greatly on foreign funding whilst NGOs are unable to empower their beneficiaries in decision‐making. Given this reality, are cross‐national NGO partnerships able to strengthen organisations? What kinds of support are on offer, what kinds of (inter) dependency relations occur and to what extent do NGOs model their management practices on their mentor and with what results? This paper sets out to situate these questions in the context of a proposed theoretical construct, organizational mentoring, which occurs where national or local organisations have access to and support of well‐established NGOs abroad. The model is constructed on the findings of a qualitative case study conducted in Bulgaria on the development of a Bulgarian NGO and its relationship with a UK NGO. This is preceded by a discussion on selected literature reflecting the meaning of transition, change in societal values and organizational practices in Eastern Europe, and the development of voluntary sector organizations in transforming countries. The theoretical model proposed here is relevant in providing a systematic discussion on organizational change towards a more enlightened engagement between civil society organizations in cross‐national partnerships. Such discussion has implications for the development of hybrid forms of coexistence between Eastern and Western European partners reflected in their interdependent organizational practices.

scholarly journals The Sociopolitical Mission of the Institution of Transfer of State Powers to Organizations: Expert Knowledge Attraction and State Service Quality Raising

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Rafael Z. Khasyanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The Russian Federation

The subject of the article is the study and analysis of the socio-political purpose of the institution of the delegation of state powers to organizations in a view of its two functions: attracting expertise to the public sector and improving the quality and accessibility of public services by involving non-governmental organizations in this process. From the point of view of constitutional law, these functions of the indicated institution are derived through the principle of popular sovereignty and the right of citizens to participate in the management of state Affairs. Recent amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation (art. 75.1) further increased the relevance of these functions as creating conditions for mutual trust between the state and society. The function of attracting expertise helps to complement public policy with the contribution of a more experienced private sector, which, having higher professional competence in a particular field of activity, contributes to a better, more efficient and faster solution of tasks (SKOLKOVO Innovation center, special economic zones). The function of improving the quality and accessibility of public services is aimed at achieving such goals as attracting non-governmental organizations to participate in the provision of public services, as well as improving their quality and accessibility for citizens and their associations (accredited passport and visa centers, multifunctional centers). Thus, it is noted that the functions of the institution of the delegation of state powers to organizations make a huge contribution to the development and harmonization of relations between the state and society, as well as contribute to the practical implementation of certain provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Borders, conflict and security

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Arieli
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Security Personnel ◽  
Local Residents

Purpose Border environments differ as foci for conflict discourse. While classic realist theories are used to account for mechanisms of securitized borders, socially oriented theories are often invoked to characterize relaxed borders. This distinguishing pattern regarding securitization reflects a deeply rooted focus on idealized borders, based on implicit expectations that relaxed borders are a viable option and goal for all. This orientation is prone to mistaken assumptions regarding local, national and regional interests and ultimately threatens delicately balanced states of stability. This paper aims to question this somewhat simplified categorization and posit that securitized borders are longstanding realities which warrant more complex theoretical conceptualization. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is based on documentary study and qualitative field research, mapping and evaluating Israel–Jordan cross-border interactions conducted during 2006-2014. Local civilian interactions were studied using three tools: interviews, non-participant observations and a sector-based analysis of original and secondary sources. In the course of research, many tours and observations of the border region were conducted, and key actors in Israel and Jordan were interviewed: entrepreneurs, local residents, local and national government officials, security personnel and representatives of non-governmental organizations involved in the administration and funding of normalization-promoting initiatives. Findings In light of internal and external security threats which challenge states and border regions in conflict environments and in normalized settings, there is increasing value in recognizing multi-level power relations (“bringing the state back in”) that design, inhibit and ultimately control the inevitability, circumstance and social–political effectivity of any cross-border interaction. Cross-border cooperation (CBC), which evolves gradually, monitored by the border regime and reflecting actual levels of inter-state political dialogue, is a slower yet safer option and a more realistic expectation for CBC, especially in regions of minimal communication between cross-border neighbors. In the backdrop of the Middle East turmoil, Israel and Jordan mark 20 years of peaceful relations, enjoying stability based on shared political and security interests, yet displaying no apparent tendency toward increased cross-border interaction. Given the stark differences in regimes and ongoing regional unrest, this securitized border fulfills local and regional needs and is far from a temporary “second-best” reality. Originality/value The analysis is based on original fieldwork and documentary study, mapping and evaluating Israel–Jordan cross-border interactions conducted during 2006-2014.

scholarly journals Current state and prospects of development of a civil suit in criminal proceedings

Lex Russica ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Sushina
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Current State ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Civil Proceedings ◽  
Civil Suit ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation

The paper analyzes the current state and prospects of development of the mechanism of compensation of harm in criminal proceedings. It is noted that with a steady trend of growing discontent of the majority of victims with the state’s activities to restore their rights violated because of the crime, the courts properly resolve civil claims in criminal cases. The reasons why article 52 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation remains declarative are revealed. The conclusion about the inadmissibility of expanding the subject and grounds of civil claims in criminal proceedings is substantiated. It is indicated that the foreign practice of compensation for harm to victims, including through the formation of compensation funds, the use of mediation procedures, funds of non-governmental organizations, faces many problems that remain unresolved. In this regard, it is proposed to use only the institutions of restitution and voluntary compensation of harm in the criminal process, actively using the possibilities of pre-trial stages, as well as to consider claims that clearly arise from the substance of the criminal law dispute and (or) recognized by civil defendants. The remaining civil law issues directly or indirectly related to the committed or impending crime should be resolved in civil proceedings, where the burden of proof of the asserted claims is placed on the person recognized as the victim in the criminal case, his heir or representative. An important role is given to the improvement of the system of execution of court decisions, including through the development of programs based on the achievements of modern digital technologies.

scholarly journals CONSTITUTIONAL-LEGAL REGULATION OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: REGIONAL ASPECT

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Елена Никитина ◽  
Elena Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
Regulatory Impact ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legislation of federal subjects of the Russian Federation in the sphere of regulation of non-governmental organizations’ activities. This study was carried out on the basis of the comparative law method as a way to protect the human right to association. The article examines the problems of regional legislation quality, completeness and effectiveness of its regulatory impact on civil society in federal subjects of the Russian Federation. The author tries to answer the question what the purposes are for the existence of regional legislation on human rights. The emphasis is on the regional regulation of support for nongovernmental organizations on the part of the authorities of federal subjects of the Russian Federation. The article touches upon the problems of regulation through regional laws of the activities of religious organizations as a form of non-governmental organizations. The author concludes that regional legislation in the sphere of regulation of non-governmental organizations’ activities in most regions is fragmented and unsystematic, and the purposes of its existence for the protection and creation of additional guarantees of constitutional human rights in the territory of federal subjects of the Russian Federation are performed only partially.

scholarly journals Laws on normative legal acts of the cis countries — indicators of informatization and digitalization processes in the legislation system

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Lipen
Keyword(s):  
Data Bank ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Internet Resource ◽  
Reference Systems ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Internet Information ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Law ◽  
Cis Countries

The Russian Federation has not adopted any law regulating normative legal acts, whereas in a number of CIS countries such laws have been in force for almost two decades, and the legal regulation of relations in question is being constantly improved. This experience may well be taken into account in domestic research, including the studies aimed at providing scientific support of the law-making activity. The last quarter of the 20th century is characterized by digitalization and informatization of the legal system; laws on normative legal acts of the CIS countries can serve as quite good indicators of these processes. They demonstrate modern trends in the development of legislation with due regard to the information capabilities of the Internet, information and reference systems. Computer technologies are actively used to represent legislation in electronic form (register, data bank, including Internet resource), to promulgate and bring into legal force normative legal acts, to provide access to the current legislation (including publication of adopted normative legal acts in unofficial information and reference systems, on websites of state bodies, non-governmental organizations) in activities aimed at systematizing legislation. Comparative legal characteristics of the legislation of the CIS countries may well be in demand during the development and discussion of the draft Russian Law on normative legal acts.

scholarly journals Violations of Freedom of Expression and Freedom of Religion by the Russian Federation as the Occupying Power in Crimea

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evhen Tsybulenko ◽  
Anastassiya Platonova
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Freedom Of Religion ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Occupied Territory ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The City

Abstract Considering modern weaponization of media and extensive experience of Russia in employing the propaganda machine, further attacks and trespasses against the freedom of expression and freedom of religion in order to suppress dissent in the occupied territory are to be expected. In accordance with the reports of international organizations and non-governmental organizations, the current situation in Crimea after the occupation with regard to human rights protections is concerning. This article will put together the reported events in Crimea and the city of Sevastopol concerning the freedom of expression and freedom of religion in order to demonstrate the gravity of the situation and responsibility of the occupying power.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL PECULIARITIES OF MEDICINAL PROVISION OF DISABLED PEOPLE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N Puzin ◽  
A. V Grechko ◽  
I. V Pryanikov ◽  
Vladislav S. Malichenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Access To Essential Medicines ◽  
Drug Provision

Current demographic situation, characterized by a change in the structure of the morbidity rate and rapid aging of the population, has led to an increase in the number of disabled people in the world. Existing international legal norms, activities of international organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), as well as the implemented state policy are not fully able to overcome restrictions on the realization of the rights of disable persons, especially with regard to access to essential medicines. The article analyzes the system of the drug provision organization for disabled people in the Russian Federation, formulates recommendations on the systematization of approaches to the organization of this process with a view to improving the effectiveness of medical and social rehabilitation of disabled people

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