scholarly journals Cultural Exchanges between Russia and Turkmenistan: Structure, Dynamics, and Defining Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
Ksenia G. Muratshina
Keyword(s):  
Recent Decade ◽  
Soviet Republic ◽  
Asian Studies ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Cultural Exchanges ◽  
Independent States ◽  
The Russian Federation

Cultural exchanges are an essential component of humanitarian interaction between countries and societies, in particular, between political partners and neighboring states whose citizens regularly communicate with each other. This paper discusses cooperation in the area of cultural exchanges between the Russian Federation and one of its Central Asian neighbors the former Soviet republic of Turkmenistan. To date, cultural exchanges and humanitarian cooperation have received very little attention in Central Asian studies, despite the attention paid to Russian-Turkmen economic cooperation and policy aspects. This paper is aimed at illuminating the modes, factors, dynamics, and defining features of the Russia-Turkmenistan cooperation in the area of cultural exchanges over the recent decade. The notions “cultural exchanges”, “humanitarian cooperation”, and “cooperation in the area of cultural exchanges” are explored in Russian-Turkmen diplomatic documents and the legislation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The author has studied such sources as diplomatic documents, interviews, newsletters of state institutions and non-governmental organizations, and news archives of Russian and Turkmen media.

Democratization, Nationalism and Regional Security in the Southern Caucasus

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Neil MacFarlane
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
Democratic Reform ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Independent States

FOR SOME YEARS NOW, WESTERN ACADEMICS AND POLICY-MAKERS HAVE embraced the cause of democratic reform in Central and Eastern Europe. To take but one well-known example, President Clinton in the 1994 State of the Union Address cited the absence of war among democracies as a reason for promotion of democracy around the world. Assistance to former Warsaw Pact and newly independent states has been made conditional to varying degrees on the acceptance of democratic change. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the European Union, the United States Agency for International Development and associated non-governmental organizations have unleashed armies of promoters of democracy throughout the region to: observe elections; monitor human rights; draft new constitutions and laws defending civil and political rights; train judges and police personnel; and organize and assist political parties, media and non-governmental pressure groups. In short, they have sought to transplant the fabric of civil society and democratic institutions. These armies have landed on terrain often quite foreign to them and have often displayed little sensitivity to the social, economic and political context in which they are operating. This may have contributed to results other than those intended.

scholarly journals In search of a "new" Sovietology, new Post-Sovietology or Central Asian Studies…

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-85
Author(s):  
Zarema Shaimardanova
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
The Political ◽  
Asian Studies ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
New Independent States

The Euro-American, Kazakh and Russian studies naturally raised and are still raising the question of the future Sovietology, Post-Sovietology and even Post-Post- Sovietology caused by the USSR collapse and understanding the need to rethink the theoretical and methodological foundations to study the New Independent States / CIS as a whole and in the Central Asian region, in particular. Sovietology could not adequately reflect the changed reality. The author demonstrates the consistency and inconsistency of sovietology concerning the question about Kazakhstan history, as colonization, russification, sovietization and etc. The socio-economic development of independent Kazakhstan evaluated by foreign researchers was taken as an example in order to show traits of Sovietology inherited earlier. Guided by the inequality of the world order and sovietology experience, the objective and impartial theoretical and methodological basis to study CIS space is required. Otherwise, methodological inconsistency of Sovietology and PostSovietology in explanation and understanding of the political and socio-cultural processes in the territory of CIS will be a natural phenomenon. The "special way" of study, neoinstitutional approach, historical, comparative and pluralist approaches are offered on the basis of international scholars' analysis.

TAJIK COMMUNITIES IN RUSSIAN REGIONS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: EMPLOYMENT AND SOLIDARITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Ryazantsev ◽  
◽  
Zafar K. Vazirov ◽  
Osim K. Kasymov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
State Of Stress ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Ethnic Entrepreneurs ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Monetary Income

In the course of field research, statistical and sociological data were collected on the number, socio-demographic structure and problems of Tajik migrants in various regions of the Russian Federation. During the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia, Tajik migrants faced social and economic difficulties. The pandemic has significantly complicated the situation of Tajik citizens — temporary labor migrants in Russia. Many were unable to leave Russia before the borders were closed, and during the lockdown they lost their jobs and sources of income. The loss of a job turned into problems both for the migrants who remained in Russia and for their families, who could not receive remittances from Russia. Many labor migrants were forced to look for work, adapt to the new socio-economic situation, experienced pressure from the security forces, lost their health and were in a state of stress. Labor migrants from Tajikistan, who initially lost income during the lockdown in April-May 2020, were gradually able to adapt to the new socio-economic conditions and restore their monetary income, continuing to provide assistance to their families in their homeland. Three types of Tajik public associations in Russia have been identified and described: organizations positioning themselves through the ethnocultural component and carrying out cultural projects; organizations providing various types of assistance to citizens and immigrants from Tajikistan (for example, labor migrants); organizations uniting representatives of socio-demographic groups from Tajikistan (for example, working with youth). The article also analyzes the forms of solidarity of Tajik communities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia; it is revealed that the main burden of supporting Tajik migrants was carried by ethnic entrepreneurs and non-governmental organizations.

scholarly journals NGOization of Islamic Education: The Post-Coup Turkish State and Sufi Orders in Africa South of the Sahara

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Ezgi Guner
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
State Repression ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Turkish State ◽  
Education In Turkey ◽  
Neoliberal Restructuring

This article analyzes the recently formed transnational networks of Islamic education between Turkey and Africa south of the Sahara through the study of the neglected case of Erenköy Cemaati. The expansion of the schools affiliated with Erenköy Cemaati cannot be divorced from Turkey’s Africa strategy and the growing importance of education within it since the late 2000s. Although Sufi orders and state institutions historically represent two divergent and conflicting streams of Islamic education in Turkey, the analysis of Erenköy Cemaati’s schools in Africa south of the Sahara reveal their rapprochement in novel ways. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Turkey, Tanzania, and Senegal, this article shows that the complex relations between the Turkish state and Sufi orders in the field of education in Africa are facilitated by a constellation of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Situating ethnographic data in historical context, it argues that the Islamic schools of Erenköy Cemaati are produced by the overlapping processes of the NGOization of Sufi orders in response to earlier state repression in Turkey and the NGOization of education in the wake of the neoliberal restructuring in Africa. While contributing to our understanding of post-coup Turkey and its evolving relations with Africa south of the Sahara, this article provides at the same time a new window into the NGOization of Islamic education on the continent.

scholarly journals The Sociopolitical Mission of the Institution of Transfer of State Powers to Organizations: Expert Knowledge Attraction and State Service Quality Raising

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Rafael Z. Khasyanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The Russian Federation

The subject of the article is the study and analysis of the socio-political purpose of the institution of the delegation of state powers to organizations in a view of its two functions: attracting expertise to the public sector and improving the quality and accessibility of public services by involving non-governmental organizations in this process. From the point of view of constitutional law, these functions of the indicated institution are derived through the principle of popular sovereignty and the right of citizens to participate in the management of state Affairs. Recent amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation (art. 75.1) further increased the relevance of these functions as creating conditions for mutual trust between the state and society. The function of attracting expertise helps to complement public policy with the contribution of a more experienced private sector, which, having higher professional competence in a particular field of activity, contributes to a better, more efficient and faster solution of tasks (SKOLKOVO Innovation center, special economic zones). The function of improving the quality and accessibility of public services is aimed at achieving such goals as attracting non-governmental organizations to participate in the provision of public services, as well as improving their quality and accessibility for citizens and their associations (accredited passport and visa centers, multifunctional centers). Thus, it is noted that the functions of the institution of the delegation of state powers to organizations make a huge contribution to the development and harmonization of relations between the state and society, as well as contribute to the practical implementation of certain provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Engaging the Challenges of Alleviating Wife Abuse in Northern Vietnam

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Lynn Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Wife Abuse ◽  
Abused Women ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Community Members ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Gender Based

In recent years, gender-based violence has become highly visible and recognized by the Vietnamese state and the public more broadly. This article addresses the space that has recently widened, with the Vietnamese state's 1986 đôi mó'i or renovation policies, for local innovation and global influence on approaches to curtailing wife abuse and assisting women abused by their husbands. Anthropology can help us to understand some of the constraints and contradictions that can arise in such a space of innovation. For instance, ethnographic research reveals how local Vietnamese non-governmental organizations (VNGOs), state institutions, and international organizations in Vietnam can cooperate to develop and implement new and potentially beneficial programs for abused women. Yet, at the same time, frontline practitioners struggle to implement these new approaches, with cultural lenses that limit acceptance of new ideologies, few resources that provide long-term support to abused women, or, in some cases, little exposure to the new ideas. Anthropological research can assist in identifying the cultural and structural constraints experienced by individuals working with abused women and community members, and the contradictions that can arise between the shaping and the implementing of policy addressing wife abuse, particularly globally influenced ideologies and practices introduced into a society.

scholarly journals Current state and prospects of development of a civil suit in criminal proceedings

Lex Russica ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Sushina
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Current State ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Civil Proceedings ◽  
Civil Suit ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation

The paper analyzes the current state and prospects of development of the mechanism of compensation of harm in criminal proceedings. It is noted that with a steady trend of growing discontent of the majority of victims with the state’s activities to restore their rights violated because of the crime, the courts properly resolve civil claims in criminal cases. The reasons why article 52 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation remains declarative are revealed. The conclusion about the inadmissibility of expanding the subject and grounds of civil claims in criminal proceedings is substantiated. It is indicated that the foreign practice of compensation for harm to victims, including through the formation of compensation funds, the use of mediation procedures, funds of non-governmental organizations, faces many problems that remain unresolved. In this regard, it is proposed to use only the institutions of restitution and voluntary compensation of harm in the criminal process, actively using the possibilities of pre-trial stages, as well as to consider claims that clearly arise from the substance of the criminal law dispute and (or) recognized by civil defendants. The remaining civil law issues directly or indirectly related to the committed or impending crime should be resolved in civil proceedings, where the burden of proof of the asserted claims is placed on the person recognized as the victim in the criminal case, his heir or representative. An important role is given to the improvement of the system of execution of court decisions, including through the development of programs based on the achievements of modern digital technologies.

scholarly journals Reemigration of the Volhynian Czechs

Geografie ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-121
Author(s):  
Eva Janská ◽  
Dušan Drbohlav
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Mother Country ◽  
Integration Policies ◽  
Czech Society

The article focuses on integration of resettlers - Volhynian Czechs - into the Czech society. This community of reemigrants began to return to their mother country in 1991 when also humanitarian aid programme was launched. The analysis is based on a questionnaire survey within the resettlers, experience and databases of state institutions and non-governmental organizations. How the resettlers adjust their lives to conditions in the Czech Republic and which factors influence most the migration/integration policies in the Czech Republic is formulated in the conclusion.

scholarly journals CONSTITUTIONAL-LEGAL REGULATION OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: REGIONAL ASPECT

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Елена Никитина ◽  
Elena Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
Regulatory Impact ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legislation of federal subjects of the Russian Federation in the sphere of regulation of non-governmental organizations’ activities. This study was carried out on the basis of the comparative law method as a way to protect the human right to association. The article examines the problems of regional legislation quality, completeness and effectiveness of its regulatory impact on civil society in federal subjects of the Russian Federation. The author tries to answer the question what the purposes are for the existence of regional legislation on human rights. The emphasis is on the regional regulation of support for nongovernmental organizations on the part of the authorities of federal subjects of the Russian Federation. The article touches upon the problems of regulation through regional laws of the activities of religious organizations as a form of non-governmental organizations. The author concludes that regional legislation in the sphere of regulation of non-governmental organizations’ activities in most regions is fragmented and unsystematic, and the purposes of its existence for the protection and creation of additional guarantees of constitutional human rights in the territory of federal subjects of the Russian Federation are performed only partially.

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