Identification and extraction method of quercetin from flesh and skin of shallot (Allium ascalonicum) cultivated in Soc Trang province, Vietnam

Quercetin is a bioactive compound that has many beneficial effects on human health. Due to a lack of information about quercetin and quercetin derivatives in the Vietnam shallot, this work aimed to identify the quercetin family in shallot skin and flesh by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Effect of extraction method (conventional solvent extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction), including ethanol concentration (40–80%) and extraction time (15 to 60 mins) on the yield of quercetin were also investigated in this study. Quercetin, quercetin-glucoside and methylated-quercetin-hexose were commonly found in the extract of shallot flesh and skin. A very small amount of quercetin aglycone (0.7%) was found in flesh extract, while it was the most abundant in the skin sample (46.3%). The high content of quercetin-mono-glycoside was obtained in shallot extract (43.8% and 35.3% in the shallot flesh and skin, respectively). The flesh extract also contained high level of quercetin-di-glucoside (38.9%). About 14-16% of methylatedquercetin (-glucoside) were found in shallot bulb (both skin and flesh). It was found that ethanol concentration and extraction time directly affected on the quercetin extraction yield. The highest quercetin content was obtained in the sample which was extracted in 60% ethanol in combination with ultrasound-assisted extraction for 15 to 45 mins. The ultrasound-assisted extraction method improved quercetin yield by 13.38-15.64% and 49.46-56.88% for shallot skin and flesh compared to conventional solvent extraction. This study proved that ultrasound-assisted extraction could successfully be used for extraction of quercetin from shallot (both skin and flesh).

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Skin-Whitening and Anti-Wrinkle Effects of Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Peanut Shell Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26051231 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 1231

Author(s):

Da Hye Gam ◽

Ji Woo Hong ◽

Jun Hee Kim ◽

Jin Woo Kim

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Peanut Shell ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Skin Whitening ◽

Activity Inhibition ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Experimental Values

Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions for simultaneous optimization of dependent variables, including DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), tyrosinase activity inhibition (TAI), and collagenase activity inhibition (CAI) of peanut shell extracts. The effects of the main variables including extraction time (5.0~55.0 min, X1), extraction temperature (26.0~94.0 °C, X2), and ethanol concentration (0.0%~99.5%, X3) were optimized. Based on experimental values from each condition, quadratic regression models were derived for the prediction of optimum conditions. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the independent variable was in the range of 0.89~0.96, which demonstrates that the regression model is suitable for the prediction. In predicting optimal UAE conditions based on the superimposing method, extraction time of 31.2 min, extraction temperature of 36.6 °C, and ethanol concentration of 93.2% were identified. Under these conditions, RSA of 74.9%, TAI of 50.6%, and CAI of 86.8% were predicted, showing good agreement with the experimental values. A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that peanut shell extract decreased mRNA levels of tyrosinase-related protein-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 genes in B16-F0 cell. Therefore, we identified the skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle effects of peanut shell extracts at protein as well as gene expression levels, and the results show that peanut shell is an effective cosmetic material for skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle effects. Based on this study, peanut shell, which was considered a byproduct, can be used for the development of healthy foods, medicines, and cosmetics.

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Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Antioxidant Polyphenols from the Seed Coats of Red Sword Bean (Canavalia gladiate (Jacq.) DC.)

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8070200 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 200 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yue Zhou ◽

Xiao-Yu Xu ◽

Ren-You Gan ◽

Jie Zheng ◽

Ya Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extraction Method ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Seed Coats

The seed coat of red sword bean (Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC.) is rich in antioxidant polyphenols. It is often discarded as a byproduct with the consumption of red sword bean, since it is very thick and not consumed by people. The aim of this study was to develop an ultrasound-assisted extraction method to extract natural antioxidants from the seed coats. The extraction process was optimized by using response surface methodology. After the single-factor experiments, three key factors, including ethanol concentration, liquid/solid ratio, and extraction time, were selected and their interactions were studied using a central composite design. The optimal extraction condition was 60.2% hydroethanol, a liquid/solid ratio of 29.3 mL/g, an extraction time of 18.4 min, an extraction temperature of 50 °C, and ultrasound power of 400 W. Under the optimal conditions, antioxidant activity of the extract was 755.98 ± 10.23 μmol Trolox/g dry weight (DW), much higher than that from maceration (558.77 ± 14.42 μmol Trolox/g DW) or Soxhlet extraction (479.81 ± 12.75 μmol Trolox/g DW). In addition, the main antioxidant compounds in the extract were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–DAD–MS/MS). The concentrations of digalloyl hexoside, methyl gallate, gallic acid, trigalloyl hexoside, and digallic acid were 15.30 ± 0.98, 8.85 ± 0.51, 8.76 ± 0.36, 4.27 ± 0.21, and 2.89 ± 0.13 mg/g DW. This study provides an efficient and green extraction method for the extraction of natural antioxidants from the bean coat of red sword bean. The extract of antioxidants might be added into functional foods or nutraceuticals with potential beneficial functions.

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Response Surface Optimization of a Rapid Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Method for Simultaneous Determination of Tetracycline Antibiotics in Manure

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2015/290903 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Lanqing Li ◽

Mingxing Sun ◽

Hui Zhou ◽

Yun Zhou ◽

Ping Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

A rapid and cleanup-free ultrasound-assisted extraction method is proposed for the simultaneous extraction of oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline in manure. The analytes were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector. The influence of several variables on the efficiency of the extraction procedure was investigated by single-factor experiments. The temperature, pH, and amount of extraction solution were selected for optimization experiment using response surface methodology. The calibration curves showed good linearity (R2>0.99) for all analytes in the range of 0.1–20 μg/mL. The four antibiotics were successfully extracted from manure with recoveries ranging from 81.89 to 92.42% and good reproducibility (RSD, <4.06%) under optimal conditions, which include 50 mL of McIlvaine buffer extraction solution (pH 7.15) mixed with 1 g of manure sample, extraction temperature of 40°C, extraction time of 10 min, and three extraction cycles. Method quantification limits of 1.75–2.32 mg/kg were obtained for the studied compounds. The proposed procedure demonstrated clear reductions in extraction time and elimination of cleanup steps. Finally, the applicability to tetracyclines antibiotics determination in real samples was evaluated through the successful determination of four target analytes in swine, cow manure, and mixture of animal manure with inorganic fertilizer.

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Natural Dye Extraction From Teak Leves (Tectona Grandis) Using Ultrasound Assisted Extraction Method for Dyeing on Cotton Fabric

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201815605004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 156 ◽

pp. 05004 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lailatul Qadariyah ◽

Mahfud Mahfud ◽

Endah Sulistiawati ◽

Prima Swastika

Keyword(s):

Textile Industry ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Tectona Grandis ◽

Living Organism ◽

Natural Dye ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

Synthetic dye waste of textile industry has contaminated the water and aquatic living organism. One of the solution is used teak leaves as the natural dye. Common conventional extraction process is soxhletation which need more time and more solvent. One of extraction method that has been developed is ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). The objectives of this research were to study the effect of solvent, extraction time, pH, and extraction yield. The conclusion of this research was optimum yield of teak leaves extract about 42,79% at pH 3 and extraction time of 20 minutes with aquadest as the solvent using UAE method. If natural dye of taek leaves was used on cotton, the color will change depend on fixator that was added. In GC-MS analysis, some compound that were detected are decanoic acid methyl ester and methyl tetradecanoate. Both of the compound have chromophore cluster.

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Comparison of Conventional and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Techniques for Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Coconut Husk

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.891.83 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 891 ◽

pp. 83-89

Author(s):

Attapon Nitiwattananon ◽

Saipin Thanachasai

Keyword(s):

Solvent Extraction ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Agitation Speed ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Conventional Solvent Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Conventional Extraction

In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was compared with conventional extraction methods, including conventional solvent extraction without agitation (CSE), conventional solvent extraction with agitation at 50 rpm (CSE50) and 150 rpm (CSE150), for the extraction of phenolic compounds from coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) husk. The extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were examined. The antioxidant capacity of C. nucifera extracts was determined by using 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. Experimental results showed that UAE gave the highest extraction yield, TPC, TFC and antioxidant capacities (ABTS and DPPH), followed by CSE150, CSE50 and CSE, respectively. UAE was found to be more effective than conventional extraction methods. Conventional solvent extraction with higher agitation speed exhibited higher extraction efficiency than those with lower agitation speed and without agitation.

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Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Taxifolin, Diosmin, and Quercetin from Abies nephrolepis (Trautv.) Maxim: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Characteristics

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25061401 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 1401

Author(s):

Mengxia Wei ◽

Ru Zhao ◽

Xiaojin Peng ◽

Chunte Feng ◽

Huiyan Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Ultrasound Irradiation ◽

Optimal Operation ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Operation Conditions ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Irradiation Power ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

Extraction behaviors of the 3 flavonoids taxifolin, diosmin, and quercetin have been investigated in Abies nephrolepis leaves and bark. The following operation parameters—ethanol volume fraction, liquid–solid ratio, temperature, ultrasound irradiation power and time, and ultrasound frequency—were varied to study their effect on the yield of the 3 flavonoids during extraction. The results showed that a low extraction efficiency occurred at 293.15 K due to slow kinetics, while the situation was significantly improved at 333.15 K. The kinetic data for the extraction yields of the 3 flavonoids achieved good fits by the first-order kinetic model. From the thermodynamic analysis results, we realized that the ultrasound-assisted extraction of taxifolin, diosmin, and quercetin from the leaves and bark of A. nephrolepis was a spontaneous and endothermic process in which the disorder increased (ΔG0 < 0, ΔH0 > 0, and ΔS0 > 0). According to the response surface methodology (RSM) analysis, under the optimal operation conditions (ethanol concentration of 50%, liquid–solid ratio of 20 mL/g, frequency of 45 kHz, extraction time of 39.25 min, ultrasound irradiation power of 160 W and temperature of 332.19 K), the total yield of the 3 flavonoids were 100.93 ± 4.01 mg/g from the leaves of A. nephrolepis (with 31.03 ± 1.51 mg/g, 0.31 ± 0.01 mg/g, 69.59 ± 2.57 mg/g for taxifolin, diosmin, and quercetin, respectively), and under the optimal operation conditions (ethanol concentration of 50%, liquid–solid ratio of 20 mL/g, frequency of 45 kHz, extraction time of 36.80 min, ultrasound irradiation power of 150 W and temperature of 328.78 K), 16.05 mg/g ± 0.38 mg/g were obtained from the bark of A. nephrolepis (with 1.44 ± 0.05 mg/g, 0.47 ± 0.01 mg/g, 14.14 ± 0.38 mg/g for taxifolin, diosmin, and quercetin, respectively), which were close to the prediction values.

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Flavonol Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Onions (Allium cepa L.) Based on the Development of New Analytical Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Methods

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10020273 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 273

Author(s):

Ana V. González-de-Peredo ◽

Mercedes Vázquez-Espinosa ◽

Estrella Espada-Bellido ◽

Ceferino Carrera ◽

Marta Ferreiro-González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Quercetin Derivatives ◽

Extraction Solvent ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Response Optimization ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

The onion is one of the most cultivated and consumed vegetables, and is a very valuable source of antioxidant substances. Every onion variety is rich in flavonols—mainly quercetin derivatives which makes onions the main dietary source of these compounds. This study intends to develop an ultrasound-assisted extraction method (UAE), an economical, green, and efficient technique, that allows us to determine the quality of onion extracts in terms of flavonol composition and antioxidant activity. For this purpose, an ultrasound-assisted extraction method has been optimized to obtain extracts with a high amount of flavonols, as well as with a high antioxidant activity, not only separately using a Box–Behnken design, but also simultaneously, based on multi-response optimization. Multiple response optimization has not only demonstrated an efficacy level similar to that of the individual ones, but it also represents a considerable reduction in terms of cost, time and work. The optimal conditions for simultaneous extractions were determined as follows: 76.8% methanol as an extraction solvent at pH 2 and 58.5 °C temperature, 85% amplitude, 0.9 s cycle, and 0.2:13 g:mL sample mass/solvent volume ratio. Furthermore, the developed method exhibited a high precision level and great recoveries in a rather short extraction time (2 min). These results, together with the development of a fast and simple UHPLC analysis method, lead us to consider the developed UAE method as a suitable technique for the extraction of bioactive compounds from onion matrices.

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Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Carotenoids from Carrot Pomace and Their Optimization through Response Surface Methodology

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26226763 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (22) ◽

pp. 6763

Author(s):

Muhammad Umair ◽

Saqib Jabbar ◽

Mustapha M. Nasiru ◽

Zhaoxin Lu ◽

Jianhao Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Total Carotenoids ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Productive Process ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used to extract carotenoids from the carrot pomace. To investigate the effect of independent variables on the UAE, the response surface methodology (RSM) with central-composite design (CCD) was employed. The study was conducted with three independent variables including extraction time (min), temperature (°C), and ethanol concentration (%). The results showed that the optimal conditions for UAE were achieved with an extraction time of 17 min, temperature of 32 °C, and ethanol concentration of 51% of total carotenoids (31.82 ± 0.55); extraction time of 16 min, temperature of 29 °C, and ethanol concentration of 59% for a combination of β-carotene (14.89 ± 0.40), lutein (5.77 ± 0.19), and lycopene (2.65 ± 0.12). The non-significant (p > 0.05) correlation under optimal extraction conditions between predicted and experimental values suggested that UAE is the more productive process than conventional techniques for the extraction of carotenoids from the carrot pomace.

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Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolics from Sideritis raeseri Using Response Surface Methodology

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26133949 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (13) ◽

pp. 3949

Author(s):

Katarina Šavikin ◽

Jelena Živković ◽

Teodora Janković ◽

Nada Ćujić-Nikolić ◽

Gordana Zdunić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

In this study we define the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive polyphenols from S. raeseri aerial parts using response surface methodology. The influence of ethanol concentration (10–90%), extraction temperature (20–80 °C), extraction time (10–60 min), and solid-to-solvent ratio (1:10–1:50) on total phenolic content as well as on content of individual flavonoids, and hypolaetin and isoscutellarein derivatives was studied. For the experimental design, a central composite design was chosen. In the obtained extracts, the following ranges of targeted compounds were detected: total phenol from 19.32 to 47.23 mg GAE/g dw, HYP from 1.05 to 11.46 mg/g dw, ISC 1 from 0.68 to 10.68 mg/g dw, and ISC 2 from 0.74 to 15.56 mg/g dw. The optimal extraction conditions were set as: ethanol concentration of 65%, extraction time of 50 min, extraction temperature of 63 °C, and solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:40. Contents of TP, HYP, ISC 1, and ISC 2 in optimal extracts were 47.11 mg GAE/g dw, 11.73 mg/g dw, 9.54 mg/g dw, and 15.40 mg/g dw, respectively. Experimentally set values were in good agreement with those predicted by the response surface methodology model, indicating suitability of the used model, as well as the success of response surface methodology in optimizing the conditions of the extraction.

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