scholarly journals Watch Them Closely

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Murray Edmond
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
The United States ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Walking Tour ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Selection Of

The method employed in this intervention is an active performance in writing, using the voice of a docent, who guides a small party of the curious, and possibly bewildered, on a walking tour of Auckland’s inner-city monuments. The subject of what gets commissioned, created, and installed under the general heading of a public monument can be placed within the context of the recent and continuing range of disputes and confrontations about monuments—Rhodes in England and South Africa, Civil War statues in the United States, Cook in Aotearoa New Zealand. This article attempts a mediation (not to be misread as a ‘meditation’) of the messages a selection of Auckland’s city monuments send out on a daily basis, subliminal as some of them are. The intention is to carry out a ‘close reading’ of Auckland’s monuments and, hopefully, to alter the wave-length of the light in which the city is bathed.

Abstract 9401: Medicare Readmission Penalties and Their Socioeconomic Correlates in Urban Hospitals

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim A Williams ◽  
Muhammad S Hamid ◽  
Arshad A Javed ◽  
Amy M Horton
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unintended Consequence ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Urban Hospitals ◽  
Low Educated ◽  
Socioeconomic Data ◽  
The City

In 2013, 2,200 U.S. hospitals forfeited more than $280 million in Medicare funds due to readmission penalties (RPs) for heart failure, pneumonia and myocardial infarction stipulated by the Affordable Care Act. This study evaluated the RPs in the hospitals of large cities, in comparison with other areas within and between states. Methods: Medicare RPs for 2013 (ranging 0 to 1%) were compared along with census and socioeconomic data for the largest city in each of 49 states in the United States, excluding Maryland due to its ongoing Medicare demonstration project. Improvements in RPs for 2014 in each urban area were tabulated. Results: There was a significant correlation between RPs and the size of the population of the cities (r = 0.37, p<0.01), with larger cities receiving higher penalties. For example, Detroit, MI’s 5 hospitals and Newark, NJ’s 3 hospitals have the highest average RPs (0.9%) than the hospitals in other largest cities. The RPs correlated moderately with a higher percentage of low-educated people in the city (r=0.53, p<0.001), and weakly but negatively with the percentage of high-educated people (r= -0.29, p<0.05) in the city. The rate of unemployment also correlated positively and significantly with the RPs (r=0.50, p<0.001). Conclusion: RPs reduce Medicare payments to inner-city hospitals, such as those in Detroit, MI and Newark, NJ, and disproportionately lower payments to large cities with poorer, underemployed and undereducated populations. This may have the unintended consequence of further reducing access care from safety-net hospitals.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Theoretical Context ◽  
Critical Questions ◽  
Central Set ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

The Introduction provides an overview of the central questions and the theoretical framework of the book. Since the early 1990s in Europe and the United States many artists critically re-appropriated religious, motifs, themes and images to produce works that cannot qualify as ‘religious,’ but remains in a dialogue with the visual legacy of mostly the Western, and more specifically the Catholic, version of Christianity. Present-day art does not embed religious images to celebrate them, but in order to pose critical questions concerning central aspects of the rules that regulate the status of images, their public significance, the conditions of their production and authorship, and their connection to an origin or tradition, a context or an author that guarantees their value. The motif of the true image or acheiropoietos (not made by a human hand) is related to central set of features that allow distinguishing between regimes or eras of the image. Its transformations provide a conceptual matrix for understanding of the reconfiguring relationships between art and religion. The introduction provides an overview of the theoretical context, the selection of artworks, bibliography on the subject and the chapters of the book.

Visible Cities, Global Comics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Fraser
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
Stylistic Variation ◽  
Urban Theory ◽  
Modern City ◽  
Urban Imagination ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

The story of comics is also the story of the modern city. Visible Cities, Global Comics thus makes urban contribution to an interdisciplinary phase in comics studies. Striking a balance between descriptive, historical, analytical and theoretical modes, Fraser’s research monograph explores representations of the city in a selection of comics from across the globe. First, this book brings insights from urban theory to bear on specific comics texts; and second, it uses comics texts to elucidate themes of urbanism, architecture, planning and the cultures of cities in works from the 18th through the 21st centuries. Throughout, close readings of comics by artists from a range of locations—Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, England, France, Holland, Japan, Norway, Spain, Switzerland, the United States, and Uruguay—contribute to an exploration of larger urban themes. Chapters include “The Modern City Streets” (ch. 1), “The Passions of Everyday Urban Life” (ch. 2), “Urban Planning, Built Environment and the Structure of Cities” (ch. 3), “Architecture, Materiality and the Tactile City” (ch. 4), and “Danger, Disease and Death in the Graphic Urban Imagination” (ch. 5). Fraser’s writing presumes no previous knowledge of either urban theory or the ninth art. Readers are introduced to names, places, historical events, urban thinkers, and formal elements of the comics medium with which they may not be familiar. In the process, each chapter introduces readers to specific comics artists and texts and investigates a range of matters pertaining to the medium’s spatial form, stylistic variation, and cultural prominence.

Development of the Hybrid Rule and the Concept of Justice: The Selection of Subjects in Biomedical Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-924
Author(s):  
Yoshio Nukaga
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Subject Selection ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Risk Benefit Assessment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ethical Criteria ◽  
Temporal Measures ◽  
Selection Of

As biomedical research with volunteers was expanded in the United States, the rule of subject selection, constituting scientific and ethical criteria, was generated in 1981 to resolve selection bias in research. Few historical studies, however, have investigated the role of this new hybrid rule in institutional review systems. This paper describes how bioethics commissions and federal agencies have created the subject selection rule based on the concept of justice. I argue that the standardization of this rule as temporal measures, linked with risk-benefit assessment, has reformed the review mechanism, specifically investigators’ modification of research plans, thereby developing justice as balancing.

Danzas Chuscas: Performing Migration in a Zapotec Community

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Cruz-Manjarrez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Instability ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

Danzas chuscas are parodic dances performed in indigenous and mestizo villages throughout Mexico. In the village of Yalálag, a Zapotec indigenous village in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, danzas chuscas are performed during religious celebrations, a time when many Yalaltecos (people from Yalálag) who have immigrated to Los Angeles return to visit their families. Since the late 1980s, these immigrants have become the subject of the dances. Yalaltecos humorously represent those who have adopted “American” behaviors or those who have remitted negative values and behaviors from inner-city neighborhoods of Los Angeles to Yalálag. Danzas chuscas such as “Los Mojados” (“The Wetbacks”), “Los Cocineros” (“The Cooks”), and “Los Cholos” (“Los Angeles Gangsters”) comically portray the roles that Yalaltec immigrants have come to play in the United States. Danzas chuscas such as “Los Norteños” (“The Northerners”), “Los Turistas” (“The Tourists”), and “El Regreso de los Mojados” (“The Return of the Wetbacks”) characterize Yalaltec immigrants as outsiders and visitors. And the choreography in dances like “Los Yalaltecos” (“The Residents of Yalálag”) and “Las Minifaldas” (“The Miniskirts”) reflect changes in these immigrants' social status, gender behaviors, and class position. In other words, these dances embody the impact of migration on social, economic, and cultural levels. Through physical humor immigrants and nonimmigrants confront the tensions and uncertainties stemming from Zapotec migration into the United States: community social disorganization, social instability, and changes in the meaning of group identity as it relates to gender, class, ethnicity, and culture.

scholarly journals References to Archival Materials in Scholarly History Monographs

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Kris Bronstad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
The United States ◽  
Digital Collections ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Archival Collection ◽  
University Presses ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Highly Cited

This study looks at citations of archival material in a sample of 136 recently published scholarly historical monographs produced by a selection of highly cited university presses in the United States, with the goal of discovering patterns in scholarly user reportage of archival use. The study found that 68 percent of the titles referenced at least one archival collection, that archival collections housed at universities were used more often than other types of repositories, and that the amount and type of repositories did not in most cases vary based on the subject matter of the book. The study also revealed that less than 3 percent of all archival citations in the books examined were to digital collections. The findings could potentially provide a baseline by which further and more diverse archival use and users can be measured.

scholarly journals Marginalized Urban Indigenous Youth and the Virtual World of Second Life: Understanding the Past and Building a Hopeful Future

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marginalized Youth ◽  
Indigenous Youth ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The City

A small independent high school in the Canadian West is using the affordances of the virtual world of Second Life to explore and reconstruct the colonial past of their students: marginalized urban Indigenous youth. The affordances of the virtual world make it possible to reconstruct the past, deconstruct the present and create a possible hope-filled future. This process is underpinned by pedagogies of engagement and emancipation on three virtual islands (sims) in the virtual world. The past was reconstructed and can be deconstructed on the Negan Tapeh sim. Negan Tapeh is a Cree phrase meaning “look to the future.” When the activities and quests associated with exploring and understanding the events of the past and their impact on the present are complete, participants are transported to the virtual present on the Boyle Street sim.Boyle Street is an inner-city area in Edmonton, Alberta, where most of the youth live or gravitate to. In Canada and the United States, inner city areas have historically been synonymous with depressed and run-down parts of the city where petty crime, violence and substance abuse are woven into the fabric of daily life. On Boyle Street, the youth are tasked with completing assignments (quests or hunts) distributed by teachers (scripted agents) in the sim’s Boyle Street High School. When the three quests are completed, participants receive their key to the future. The future unfolds on the third sim Urban Hope.This paper underlines the importance of the virtual world in educational projects with marginalized youth.

scholarly journals Landscape Sub(Vert.)Urbanity: a model for integrating gardens, as an architectural device, into higher density housing to encourage New Zealanders to live in the inner city

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Annabel Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
The Public ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
The Family ◽  
Detached House ◽  
Housing Research ◽  
Household Diversity ◽  
Solar Access ◽  
The City ◽  
New Zealanders

<p>New Zealanders continue to resist higher density housing as a way of living. The detached house in the suburbs remains the preferred housing choice for most.  This proposal addresses the key attributes required for higher density living adoption as identified by the Centre for Housing Research, Aotearoa New Zealand (2011). Furthermore, this central Wellington proposal includes additional design features that increase the desirability of this type of housing to the suburban market.  Combined, these and other drivers create a new typology of higher density housing in which vertical and other garden types bring a verdant living option to inner city Wellington.  Key considerations include creating high levels of amenity: gardens, solar access and privacy to produce a vertical neighbourhood that balances collective and private amenity.  The proposal provides three housing typologies (maisonettes, terraces, park houses) to accommodate household diversity to target various stages of the family cycle.   This inner city proposal also demonstrates how public amenity access can be used to offset the (perceived) loss of amenity when moving from the suburbs. By drawing from the public amenity-rich city, the need for private amenities is minimised. Furthermore, just as the surrounding city contributes amenity to these dwellings, this proposal illustrates that this kind of development can in turn contribute back to the city.</p>

scholarly journals Regression Analysis and urban air quality forecasting: an application for the city of Athens

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
The City ◽  
Athens Area ◽  
Selection Of

Air pollution forecasts in major urban areas are becoming a problem concerning the day to day environmental management for city authorities. This paper describes the development of an application to forecast the peak ozone levels with the aid of meteorological and air quality variables, in the Greater Athens Area. For this purpose, a number of regression models were considered, while the selection of the final model was based on extensive analysis and on literature. The model adapted includes variables that are available on a daily basis, so as daily operational maximum ozone concentration level forecast can be achieved.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL PLANT INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 606d-606
Author(s):  
L.M. Beckett ◽  
B.K. Behe ◽  
C.F. Deneke ◽  
C.H. Gilliam
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Plant Industry ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Management Experience ◽  
Herbaceous Perennial ◽  
Total Sales ◽  
Selection Of

There are indications that the U.S. herbaceous perennial plant industry has grown substantially in the last decade. Government census data on perennials is sparse, very general, and collected infrequently. The objective of this research was to define characteristics of the herbaceous perennial plant industry. Questionnaires were sent to members of the Perennial Plant Association in 1990. We requested that the person who made decisions on a daily basis, the owner or active manager, respond. Of 439 surveys distributed, 147 were returned for a 33.5% response rate. The average owner or active manager had a high education level (16 years) which was combined with management experience in at least one other company. Firms sold a mean of 30 genera of perennials. Firms selling primarily perennials were younger and more likely to have less total sales than firms selling primarily other plant products. Firms marketing primarily perennials were more likely to sell products by mail and offer a wider selection of genera.

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