scholarly journals Youth Labour Markets in Post-1984 New Zealand: Young People Negotiating School to Work Transitions

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Higgins ◽  
Janine Alfeld
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Census Data ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Clear Sense ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Reasonable Sense

This paper is part of a larger project exploring the school to post-school choices of New Zealand’s first post-1984 generation. In this paper we analyse census data relating to the employment of young people (aged 15-24 years) in two of the project’s sites, Southland and Auckland. We then discuss out participants’ perceptions of the labour market and find that these perceptions are broadly in line with general labour market trends, and that they incorporate a reasonable sense of the local opportunities for part time employment while at school. But participants lacked this ‘local literacy’ when considering future employment possibilities. That is, they lack a clear sense of engagement with ‘place’ in relation to their imagined working futures.

scholarly journals Breaking them in? School kids in the twilight economy

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald G. Sultana
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
After School ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Part Time Work

This article sets out to explore the nature and extent of the participation of young people - many of them of school-leaving age - in holiday, weekend and after-school casual part-time work It is argued that such a participation in the "twilight economy" of a segmented labour market prepares New Zealand youth for capitalist social relations of production. In conclusion, some of the implications of this study for industrial arbitrators and educators, as well as pointers for future research in this area are discussed.

scholarly journals Cohorts Experiences of Youth Labour Market Transitions in New Zealand

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rea ◽  
Paul Callister
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Youth Labour Market ◽  
Labour Market Transitions ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Market Transitions

This paper investigates the changing nature of young peoples' transition into the labour market over the last 30 years. The paper uses census data from 1976 to 2006 to compare the experiences of cohorts of young people born in New Zealand. A range of outcomes are analysed including living with parents, participation in education, employment, partnering, having children and migration. We find that transitions into the labour market have changed considerably over the last 30 years. We also find that the cohorts of young people born in the late 1960s and early 1970s experienced somewhat different outcomes compared to both the preceding as well as later cohorts. We attribute this to the fact that these cohorts entered the labour market in the late 1980s and early 1990s at a time of high overall unemployment. Our findings have important policy implications, particularly given the current recession and rising rates of youth unemployment.

scholarly journals Human Capital on the European Labour Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 17(32) (4) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Marzena Kacprzak ◽  
Agnieszka Król ◽  
Izabela Wielewska
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Young People ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Multicultural Environment ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Employee Competencies ◽  
Effective Use

Efficient use of human capital and taking care of its quality in the global labour market is becoming a priority. This is primarily due to the need to function in a multicultural environment, growing competition and population aging. This article is an attempt to systematise knowledge about human capital and its use in the labour market. Attention is being drawn to the effective use of capital, including implementation of European strategies, as well as trends and challenges facing key employment issues. In addition, an effort has been made to identify key employee competencies reflecting global labour market trends. The article shows the importance of quality and investment in human resources, which is associated with the use of EU projects and programmes targeted at young people on the labour market.

Policies to Enhance Transition to Work

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-202
Author(s):  
Lorraine Godden ◽  
Christopher DeLuca
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Temporary Contract ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
School Based ◽  
Part Time

This chapter highlights the continued struggles faced by Canadian youth in their transition from school to work. In July 2016 the unemployment rate for youth (aged 15–24) in Canada stood at 13.3% compared to the general unemployment rate of 6.9%. Many young people under the age of 30 who are employed are working in increasingly precarious conditions (e.g., temporary, contract, part-time, or low paid) or nonpermanent jobs. In this chapter, the authors focus particularly upon recent secondary school-based policy developments in Canada aimed at enhancing the transition from school to work for youth. They specifically focus our analysis on the country’s most populous province, Ontario, and demonstrate how the policy context in Ontario has prompted several initiatives and programs to support youth in transition from school to meaningful work.

Dualisation or normalisation of part-time work in the Nordic countries: work insecurity and mobility over time

2019 ◽  
pp. 217-242
Author(s):  
Jouko Nätti ◽  
Kristine Nergaard
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Work Insecurity ◽  
Part Time Work ◽  
Over Time

In this chapter we discuss the development of part-time work in Finland and Norway and ask if there is a trend towards more marginalised part-time work also in the well-regulated Nordic labour markets. Furthermore, we investigate if there are differences between Norway, with its long tradition for normalised part-time jobs among women, and Finland, where full-time work has been the normal choice for women. Part-time jobs are more common among young persons, women, and in the service sectors. In both countries, part-time jobs are more insecure than full-time jobs. However, there is no strong tendency towards more insecure part-time jobs over time. We also examine mobility from part-time jobs to other positions in the labour market. In both countries, part-time work is characterised by high stability. Hence, the results do not give support for increased polarisation in terms of increased work insecurity among part-time employees. in terms of increased work insecurity among part-time employees.

scholarly journals Recent Labour Market Trends in the Visegrad Group Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Global Economic Crisis ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Visegrad Group

This study analyses labour market trends that appeared in Poland and other Visegrad Group countries during the global economic crisis, i.e. between 2007 and 2009. Special attention is paid to the changes in employment and unemployment rates that occurred in that period. For the sake of comparison, the labour market indicators are contrasted with average rates for the European Union and the euro area. The presented analysis aims to identify the degree to which unemployment rates and indicators of employment changed in the selected countries in response to the global crisis and to explain why the labour markets in the sample countries reacted differently. It also addresses the changing production volumes and labour market flexibility, particularly towards wages, employment and working time. The above analyses show that the labour markets of the Visegrad Group countries changed significantly during the global economic crisis, i.e. between 2007 and 2009; unemployment rates rose, while volumes and rates of employment decreased. In Poland, the two indicators changed their values relatively insignificantly, but in Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic the changes were quite distinct. In the crisis years, Polish employment fell and unemployment increased to a relatively small degree. Although the main reason for this was the quite favourable growth trend in the Polish GDP, cuts in real wage and working time reductions also played a role. The relatively marked decline in the Hungarian employment is maliny attributed to the strong downward trend in the country’s GDP, but the decline would have probably been much more extensive, if not for the reductions in working time, real wages and labour productivity. The large declines in the Slovak and Czech employment appeared because the countries' GDPs grew smaller while real wages grew bigger. Shorter working hours and limitations on labour productivity that the two countries introduced could not reverse the unfavourable employment trends that occurred during economic downturn.

scholarly journals Occupational Trends in New Zealand: 1991-2001

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Boonzaier ◽  
Rob Heyes
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Occupational Employment

This research provides a useful insight into the occupational evolution of the New Zealand labour market. Our presentation looks at three different areas and the research paper is divided accordingly. The paper begins with an analysis of the conceptual basis of occupational classifications used in New Zealand. This is done because the classification system forms the basis of the quality and amount of occupational employment information that can be used for historical trends. The NZSC099 is a skills-based classification system therefore the paper examines the strengths and limitations of the way that the NZSC099 uses skills information. The paper then follows with an explanation of how the research team constructed a time series of occupational employment using data from the 1991, 1996 and 2001 Census of Population and Dwellings. The paper concludes with some initial results from an analysis of trends in the occupational structure of the New Zealand labour market between 1991 and 2001 using this Census data. This section comprises key explanatory figures and charts of longitudinal trends.

scholarly journals Labour Markets and Wages in Australia: 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese Jefferson ◽  
Alison Preston
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Labour Market Activity ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
Part Time Work

In this article we present data on earnings and hours in 2010 and, using data over a longer time frame, show how the character of the Australian labour market has significantly changed in recent decades. Among other things, we demonstrate a continued shift towards part-time work and, across full-time and part-time labour markets, a change in the distribution of jobs towards more highly skilled occupations. We continue to argue that traditional indicators of labour-market activity, such as headline unemployment and earnings in full-time employment, are only able to partially explain the health of the labour market. There is an urgent need to better understand other dimensions such as underemployment, part-time employment and part-time earnings.

scholarly journals Functional Labour Markets Revealed by Travel to Work Data 1991 and 2001

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Newell ◽  
Martin Perry
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Regional Labour Market ◽  
Overall Stability ◽  
Commuting Patterns

Regional labour market analysis is ideally based on functional rather than administrative areas. Travel-to-work data obtained from the 1991 and 2001 Census are used to define a set of functional labour markets for New Zealand. Considerable stability is found in the boundaries of the identified labour markets 1991 and 2001 although with a reduction in the number of areas from 140 to 106. The overall stability in the identified areas suggests that they provide a robust basis for regional analysis. The reduction in the number of areas is explained in part by data deficiencies associated with the 2001 Census and in some instances by changes in commuting patterns.

scholarly journals Homeownership and the New Zealand Labour Market

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Cochrane ◽  
Jacques Poot
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Econometric Models ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Job Change ◽  
Labour Market Flexibility ◽  
Market Areas

Since the early 1990s, the proportion of the New Zealand households living in owner-occupied dwellings has declined markedly from 73.8 per cent in 1991 to 66.9 per cent in 2006. Over the same period there has been a decline in the unemployment rate from 10.5 per cent to 3.5 per cent. Several demand, supply and institutional factors are responsible for the downward trend in unemployment, but this paper investigates a possible connection with homeownership that has hitherto not been investigated in New Zealand. Andrew Oswald argued in a series of unpublished papers in the 1990s that home ownership is detrimental to labour market flexibility because of transaction costs that homeowners must incur when a job change necessitates a change of residence. An extensive theoretical and empirical literature on this hypothesis has emerged internationally. The present paper reviews earlier findings and then rests the hypothesis with 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001 census data for 58 labour market areas, using econometric models for panel data. We take account of the erogeneity of homeownership. The New Zealand models do provide evidence that supports the Oswald hypothesis.

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