scholarly journals How does New Zealand compare now? International comparisons of disaggregated unemployment data

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Brosnan ◽  
Moira Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
The Other ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Unemployment Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
White Workers

This article updates Hicks and Brosnan's 1982 study which compared disaggregated unemployment data for Australia, Norway, the UK and the USA with similar data from New Zealand. It is found that women, youth and non-white workers bear a disproportionate share of the unemployment burden and the unemployment burden is distributed more inequitably in New Zealand than in any of the other 4 countries.

scholarly journals How does New Zealand compare? Some international comparisons of disaggregated unemployment data

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hicks ◽  
Peter Brosnan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Unemployment Data ◽  
The Uk

This paper describes the underlying pattern of New Zealand's unemployment experience (to the extent that the very limited data permit) and compares it with the pattern in Australia, Norway, the UK and USA. It is shown that although New Zealand's unemployment rate is low by international standards, the distribution of unemployment is more inequitable and that the actual unemployment rates for some sub-groups in New Zealand are approaching, and at times exceeding, unemployment rates for equivalent sub-groups in the other four countries.

The cost of consent: why healthcare providers must be compliant with the Montgomery principles

2020 ◽  
Vol 102-B (5) ◽  
pp. 550-555
Author(s):  
Nick Birch ◽  
Nick V. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Health Board ◽  
Malpractice Claim ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost

The cost of clinical negligence in the UK has continued to rise despite no increase in claims numbers from 2016 to 2019. In the US, medical malpractice claim rates have fallen each year since 2001 and the payout rate has stabilized. In Germany, malpractice claim rates for spinal surgery fell yearly from 2012 to 2017, despite the number of spinal operations increasing. In Australia, public healthcare claim rates were largely static from 2008 to 2013, but private claims rose marginally. The cost of claims rose during the period. UK and Australian trends are therefore out of alignment with other international comparisons. Many of the claims in orthopaedics occur as a result of “failure to warn”, i.e. lack of adequately documented and appropriate consent. The UK and USA have similar rates (26% and 24% respectively), but in Germany the rate is 14% and in Australia only 2%. This paper considers the drivers for the increased cost of clinical negligence claims in the UK compared to the USA, Germany and Australia, from a spinal and orthopaedic point of view, with a focus on “failure to warn” and lack of compliance with the principles established in February 2015 in the Supreme Court in the case of Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board. The article provides a description of the prevailing medicolegal situation in the UK and also calculates, from publicly available data, the cost to the public purse of the failure to comply with the principles established. It shows that compliance with the Montgomery principles would have an immediate and lasting positive impact on the sums paid by NHS Resolution to settle negligence cases in a way that has already been established in the USA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(5):550–555.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation and change trends for quit smoking: evidence from Internet search engine query data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Dingtao Hu ◽  
Xiaoqi Lou ◽  
Nana Meng ◽  
Qiaomei Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Google Trends ◽  
Internet Search ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background: The outcomes of smoking have generated considerable clinical interest in recent years. Although people from different countries are more interested to the topic of quit smoking during the winter, few studies have tested this hypothesis. The current study aimed to quantify public interest in quit smoking via Google.Methods: We use Google Trends to obtain the Internet search query volume for terms relating to quit smoking for major northern and southern hemisphere countries in this research. Normally search volumes for the term “quit smoking + stop smoking + smoking cessation” were retrieved within the USA, the UK, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand and Australia from January 2004 to December 2018. Seasonal effects were investigated using cosinor analysis and seasonal decomposition of time series models.Results: Significant seasonal variation patterns in those search terms were revealed by cosinor analysis and demonstrated by the evidence from Google Trends analysis in the representative countries including the USA (pcos = 2.36×10-7), the UK (pcos < 2.00×10-16), Canada (pcos < 2.00×10-16), Ireland (pcos <2.00×10-16) ,Australia (pcos = 5.13×10-6) and New Zealand (pcos = 4.87×10-7). Time series plots emphasized the consistency of seasonal trends with peaks in winter / late autumn by repeating in nearly all years. The overall trend of search volumes, observed by dynamic series analysis, declined from 2004 to 2018.Conclusions: The preliminary evidence from Google Trends search tool showed a significant seasonal variation and decreasing trend for the RSV of quit smoking. Our novel findings in smoking cessation epidemiology need to be verified with further studies, and the mechanisms underlying these findings must be clarified.

Strategie Management in Eleven National Libraries: A Report on a Research Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
National Libraries

In 1996 the national libraries of Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Malaysia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Singapore, the UK and the USA took part in a study of their experiences with strategic management. A literature review had identified 15 key aspects of strategic management. Respondents were asked their views of the importance of each aspect, and how satisfied they were with the library's achievement of it. In every case the importance attached to the aspect was greater than the library's satisfaction with achievement. Each library was also asked to nominate from a checklist the reason or reasons why it had produced its first strategic document. The centrality of the digital information environment to the core functions of national libraries has been highlighted by the study.

scholarly journals What Affects Garment Lifespans? International Clothing Practices Based on a Wardrobe Survey in China, Germany, Japan, the UK, and the USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9151
Author(s):  
Kirsi Laitala ◽  
Ingun Grimstad Klepp
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multiple Regressions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
The Uk

Increasing the length of clothing lifespans is crucial for reducing the total environmental impacts. This article discusses which factors contribute to the length of garment lifespans by studying how long garments are used, how many times they are worn, and by how many users. The analysis is based on quantitative wardrobe survey data from China, Germany, Japan, the UK, and the USA. Variables were divided into four blocks related respectively to the garment, user, garment use, and clothing practices, and used in two hierarchical multiple regressions and two binary logistic regressions. The models explain between 11% and 43% of the variation in clothing lifespans. The garment use block was most indicative for the number of wears, while garment related properties contribute most to variation in the number of users. For lifespans measured in years, all four aspects were almost equally important. Some aspects that affect the lifespans of clothing cannot be easily changed (e.g., the consumer’s income, nationality, and age) but they can be used to identify where different measures can have the largest benefits. Several of the other conditions that affect lifespans can be changed (e.g., garment price and attitudes towards fashion) through quality management, marketing strategies, information, and improved consumer policies.

Conscientious Objection and the Politics of Cake-Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-349
Author(s):  
Richard Moon
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Conscientious Objection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Position ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Religiously Based

Abstract In two recent cases, one in the USA and the other in the UK, courts have considered conscientious objection claims made by cake bakers who objected to providing a cake for the celebration/advocacy of same-sex marriage. I will argue that the issue in these cases is not the reasonable balance between the individual’s religious interests and the interests or rights of others in the community but is instead whether the individual’s religiously based objection should be viewed as an expression of personal religious conscience or as a (religiously grounded) civic position or action that falls outside the scope of religious freedom protection. In determining whether a conscientious objection should be viewed as a personal/spiritual matter or instead as a civic/political position, two factors are relevant. The first is whether the individual is being required to perform the particular act (to which she/he objects) because she/he holds a special position not held by others. The other factor is the relative remoteness/proximity of the act that the objector is required to perform from the act that she/he considers to be inherently immoral. The more remote the legally required action, the more likely we are to regard the objection as a political position.

The Impact of the Australian Bibliographic Network on Australian Libraries

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Ralli
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Database Management System ◽  
Director General ◽  
National Library ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Bibliographic Network ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Relational Database Management

From its small beginnings in 1981 of six pilot users and the National Library of Australia (NLA), the Australian Bibliographic Network (ABN) has grown to be a truly national system, with 1,315 users at May 1995. The National Bibliographic Database has expanded to over 11 million records and 22 million holdings statements. It includes records from the USA, the UK, Canada, New Zealand, Singapore and Vietnam. It has come to be the single union list of holdings of Australian libraries, and the first point of reference for the majority of interlibrary loan transactions. The ABN is seen as both an NLA business and a cooperative undertaking of Australian libraries. Management consists of a Network Committee, which advises the Director General of NLA on all aspects of operation, and a Standards Committee, whose role is to make recommendations to NLA on cataloguing standards for the network. Annual Users' Meetings are held. Since 1987 NLA has been developing a database host for Australian libraries called OZLINE, in parallel with ABN. In 1990 it was decided to go for complete redevelopment using a text retrieval product and an industry standard Relational Database Management System. Following discussions with the National Library of New Zealand, which had indicated broadly similar requirements, it was agreed that the two libraries would jointly seek a system. The Australian service is to be known in future as WORLD 1.

Chapter I. The Home Economy

1975 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 8-21
Keyword(s):  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Current Account Deficit ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
The Uk ◽  
European Economies

The economy appears to be reaching the bottom of the cycle. Industrial production after a precipitous drop in the second quarter has levelled off since May. Retail prices have decelerated to show month on month rises at annual rates near to 10 per cent since July. The current account deficit, after falling sharply from 1974 levels in the first half of the year, increased again in the third quarter to an annual rate of £2½ billion. The growth of M3 has recently started to exceed the inflation rate, which it has not done since 1973 IV. These indicators suggest that the UK is at this point lagging only a few months behind Japan and the USA and barely if at all behind the other major European economies (see Chapter 2). Unemployment, a lagging indicator, continues to rise in this country, but has started to turn down in the United States and appears to be levelling off in Japan, Germany and France.

Seasonal variations and public search interests in Toxoplasma: a 16-year retrospective analysis of big data on Google Trends

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Su-Qin Jiang ◽  
Zi-Rong Zhong ◽  
Ting-Zheng Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Google Trends ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Internet Search ◽  
Search Volume ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Search Data ◽  
Relative Search Volume ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background This study aims to understand whether there is a seasonal change in the internet search interest for Toxoplasma by using the data derived from Google Trends (GT). Methods The present study searched for the relative search volume (RSV) for the search term ‘Toxoplasma’ in GT within six major English-speaking countries (Australia, New Zealand [Southern Hemisphere] and Canada, Ireland, the UK and the USA [Northern Hemisphere] from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2019, utilizing the category of ‘health’. Data regarding the RSV of Toxoplasma was obtained and further statistical analysis was performed in R software using the ‘season’ package. Results There were significantly seasonal patterns for the RSV of the search term ‘Toxoplasma’ in five countries (all p&lt;0.05), except for the UK. A peak in December–March and a trough in July–September (Canada, Ireland, the UK and the USA) were observed, while a peak in June/August and a trough in December/February (Australia, New Zealand) were also found. Moreover, the presence of seasonal patterns regarding RSV for ‘Toxoplasma’ between the Southern and Northern Hemispheres was also found (both p&lt;0.05), with a reversed meteorological month. Conclusions Overall, our study revealed the seasonal variation for Toxoplasma in using internet search data from GT, providing additional evidence on seasonal patterns in Toxoplasma.

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