scholarly journals Compulsory resignation regime for members of the Territorial Assembly of French Polynesia - decision of 11 June 1993 of the Administrative Tribunal of Papeete

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Yves-Louis Sage ◽  
A Moyrand
Keyword(s):  
French Polynesia ◽  
Case Note ◽  
Political Alliances ◽  
Constitutional Reforms ◽  
Overseas Territories ◽  
Administrative Tribunal

This article is a case note of a decision from the Administrative Tribunal of Papeete, French Polynesia. Although no constitutional provision speaks of it expressly in the context of the legislative regime of the Overseas Territories, the principle is that legislative speciality governs the application of metropolitan laws in the Territories. In 1992, however, the Territory of French Polynesia experienced a somewhat confused institutional situation: the fortunes of political alliances led Mr Vernaudon, member and President of the Territorial Assembly, and who was angered by the association of Mr Flosse (his former political ally) with Mr Juventin (his former rival) to make use of powers inherent in his position as President to refuse to call the Assembly to meeting. This article discusses two main issues stemming from these events: procedural guarantees (i.e. a failure to respect a member's rights), and constitutional reforms (i.e. whether the compulsory resignation principle is appropriate in French Polynesia). The author concludes that the compulsory resignation process should be repealed, as it seems particularly offensive to confer on a majority of a political assembly the power to dismiss any political opponent so easily.

scholarly journals The Councils of the Archipelagos in the basic law of French Polynesia - M Vernaudon C Territoire de law Polynesie Francaise - decision of the Administrative Tribunal of Papeete of 10 May 1994

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Yves-Louis Sage ◽  
A Moyrand
Keyword(s):  
French Polynesia ◽  
Case Note ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Government Decision ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Administrative Tribunal

This article is a case note of the judgment of the Administrative Tribunal of Papeete of 18 May 1994, which concerned the illegality of the tariffs applicable to sea transport services. Mr Emile Vernaudon challenged the legality of a government decision which should have been taken after consultation with the councils of the archipelagoes. The author discusses two potential contentious points: a failure to legislate, and a failure to consult. 

Recommendations for Sustainable Cetacean-Based Tourism in French Territories: A Review on the Industry and Current Management Actions

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-235
Author(s):  
Josephine Chazot ◽  
Ludovic Hoarau ◽  
Pamela Carzon ◽  
Jeanne Wagner ◽  
Stéphanie Sorby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammal ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Whale Watching ◽  
Cetacean Species ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Overseas Territories ◽  
Socioeconomic Benefits

Whale-watching activities provide important socioeconomic benefits for local communities and constitute powerful platform incentives for marine mammals' protection or more broadly marine environments. However, these activities can cause adverse effects on targeted populations, with considerable downside associated risks of injuries and fatality for whale watchers during inwater interactions. France with its overseas territories has the second largest exclusive economic zone (EEZ), in which more than half of existing cetacean species are encountered. In these territories, recreational and commercial whale watching, including swim-with cetacean activities, have recently developed. Yet few studies focused on these activities and their associated impacts across French territories, leading to an unclear assessment of the situation. To address this issue, we reviewed cetaceans' occurrence within the French EEZ, whale-watching industry, targeted species, local management of marine mammal-based tourism activities, and regulations in France mainland and some overseas territories (Reunion Island, Mayotte, and French Polynesia). Fortyeight species are encountered in the French EEZ, and 15 are targeted by whale-watching activities. A total of 185 operators, including 34% offering swim-with-cetaceans tours, offered trips in France and overseas in 2019. While several more or less restrictive regulations exist locally, our results indicate that French's national legal framework for marine mammals' protection remains inadequate and insufficient to cope with the recent development of this activity. As conservation biologists, managers, and stakeholders from these French territories, we cooperated to provide general guidelines for a sustainable development of whale watching at a national scale. We urge (1) to legally acknowledge and regulate whale-watching commercial activities; (2) to create a national legal framework regarding whale watching and swim-with marine mammals practices, while accounting for local distinctiveness and disparities across regions; (3) to conduct more research to evaluate local short- and long-term impacts on targeted marine mammal populations as well as the socioeconomic benefits; and (4) to reinforce synergetic relations between the different stakeholders.

scholarly journals Suicide in French Polynesia: a retrospective analysis based on medicolegal documents and interview with family

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 030006052110034
Author(s):  
Stephane Amadéo ◽  
Moerani Rereao ◽  
Germaine Vanquin David ◽  
NgocLam Nguyen ◽  
Monique Séguin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
History Of ◽  
French Overseas Territories ◽  
Overseas Territories

Objective To analyse the epidemiological data on suicide in French Polynesia (FP). Methods Data on suicides were collected from the Public Health Direction, Judicial Police Investigations Court of Justice records, the Centre d’Opérations et de Renseignements de la Gendarmerie, patient records for those hospitalized in psychiatry and from psychological autopsies. Results The dataset consisted of 316 suicide cases in FP over 25 years (1992–2016). In FP, suicide was more frequent in men (sex ratio 3.2:1), young people (mean age, 34.4 years) and individuals with previously diagnosed psychiatric disorders (100 of 316; 31.6%) The most common method of suicide was hanging (276 of 316; 87.3%). A history of previous suicide attempts was found in 25 of 56 (44.6%) of suicide cases, when documented. The most common potential triggering factors for suicide were emotional problems. The suicide rates have remained stable during 1992–2016 (mean 10.6/100 000 inhabitants per year), with periods of economic crises increasing suicide rates. Conclusions These results provide valuable information to enable the effective targeting of suicide prevention strategies toward those at high risk. Economic crises had larger impacts in the French overseas territories than mainland France. Given the unprecedented economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in FP, there is an urgent need to implement suicide epidemiological surveillance and prevention programmes.

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND THE LIMITS TO MOBILIZATION IN THE FRENCH EMPIRE, 1936–1939

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-498
Author(s):  
MARTIN THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
French Empire ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
Constitutional Reforms ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Overseas Territories ◽  
Working Populations

By 1939 expectations in France of a major colonial contribution to the impending war effort were high. The idea of le salut par l'empire, literally ‘salvation by the empire’, even gained some currency among ministers, officials, and the wider public. This article examines the nature of the economic and military demands imposed on France's major overseas territories in the immediate pre-war years, focusing on the two pre-eminent colonial groupings of the empire: French North Africa and the Indochina federation. It suggests that colonial economies and working populations were poorly placed to meet French expectations of them. The colonies were severely affected by the economic depression of the early 1930s and slower to recover than metropolitan France. Structural economic difficulties imposed limits on the mobilization of colonial resources, a problem made appreciably worse by the earlier disagreements among ministers, colonial officials, and business leaders over the merits of colonial industrialization. The reversal of planned social and constitutional reforms after 1936 added to the political volatility and social divisions of colonial societies as war drew near.

2 Legal Powers, 2.2 Effect of Awards of Compensation Made by the United Nations Administrative Tribunal Advisory Opinion [1954] ICJ Rep 47

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Kenneth
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Case Note ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Advisory Opinion ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
International Court ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Administrative Tribunal

This case note relates to the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the United Nations Administrative Tribunal in which the Court ruled that the General Assembly of the United Nations had the power to establish the Tribunal to decide disputes between UN staff members and the UN Secretary-General, their employer, and that its awards were binding on the General Assembly when it came to adopt the UN budget. Underlying these rulings is the principle of the independence of the international civil service. The case note also records the changes that were made to the Statute of the Tribunal as a consequence, changes which presented procedural issues for the Court which was given a review power in respect of awards of the Tribunal.

scholarly journals Giant worms chez moi! Hammerhead flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae, Bipalium spp., Diversibipalium spp.) in metropolitan France and overseas French territories

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Lou Justine ◽  
Leigh Winsor ◽  
Delphine Gey ◽  
Pierre Gros ◽  
Jessica Thévenot
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
East Africa ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
La Réunion ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Saint Martin ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Overseas Territories

Background Species of the genera Bipalium and Diversibipalium, or bipaliines, are giants among land planarians (family Geoplanidae), reaching length of 1 m; they are also easily distinguished from other land flatworms by the characteristic hammer shape of their head. Bipaliines, which have their origin in warm parts of Asia, are invasive species, now widespread worldwide. However, the scientific literature is very scarce about the widespread repartition of these species, and their invasion in European countries has not been studied. Methods In this paper, on the basis of a four year survey based on citizen science, which yielded observations from 1999 to 2017 and a total of 111 records, we provide information about the five species present in Metropolitan France and French overseas territories. We also investigated the molecular variability of cytochrome-oxidase 1 (COI) sequences of specimens. Results Three species are reported from Metropolitan France: Bipalium kewense, Diversibipalium multilineatum, and an unnamed Diversibipalium ‘black’ species. We also report the presence of B. kewense from overseas territories, such as French Polynesia (Oceania), French Guiana (South America), the Caribbean French islands of Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy, and Montserrat (Central America), and La Réunion island (off South-East Africa). For B. vagum, observations include French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin, Montserrat, La Réunion, and Florida (USA). A probable new species, Diversibipalium sp. ‘blue,’ is reported from Mayotte Island (off South–East Africa). B. kewense, B. vagum and D. multilineatum each showed 0% variability in their COI sequences, whatever their origin, suggesting that the specimens are clonal, and that sexual reproduction is probably absent. COI barcoding was efficient in identifying species, with differences over 10% between species; this suggests that barcoding can be used in the future for identifying these invasive species. In Metropolitan south–west France, a small area located in the Department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques was found to be a hot-spot of bipaliine biodiversity and abundance for more than 20 years, probably because of the local mild weather. Discussion The present findings strongly suggest that the species present in Metropolitan France and overseas territories should be considered invasive alien species. Our numerous records in the open in Metropolitan France raise questions: as scientists, we were amazed that these long and brightly coloured worms could escape the attention of scientists and authorities in a European developed country for such a long time; improved awareness about land planarians is certainly necessary.

scholarly journals Le Statut Communautaire de la Polynésie Française

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Charles-Etienne Gudin
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Autonomy ◽  
Community Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
Overseas Territories ◽  
European Citizen ◽  
European Community Law

From the point of view of France, French Polynesia is an integral part of the French Republic but it does have a certain degree of political autonomy.  From the point of view of European Community law, French Polynesia has a special status under the Part 4 of the EC Treaty.  That Part confers on French Polynesia the benefit of a special relationship with the European Union.  In addition French law considers that those living overseas are all French citizens and therefore have under the EC Treaty the status of European citizen.  In this paper the author considers the nature of the association of the French territories to the European Union that is provided in the Treaty and notes that it is not radically different from that provided in the Cotonou Agreement.  Working from that point the article investigates whether the provisions of Part 4 alone apply to the overseas territories and seeks to identify the true range of the application of community law to the overseas territories.

The AflibeRcept use in rEal life study for the treatment of diabetiC macular oedema In the French overseas territories: A 12 months follow-up Study - The RECIF Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110550
Author(s):  
Christophe Morel ◽  
John Conrath ◽  
Bruno Morin ◽  
Eric Parrat ◽  
Eleonora Zito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Oedema ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Diabetic Macular Oedema ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Life Study ◽  
Life Management ◽  
French Overseas Territories ◽  
Overseas Territories ◽  
Referring Physicians

Purpose The incidence and severity of diabetes is particularly high in the French overseas territories (FOT). The RECIF study evaluated real life management of diabetic macular oedema (DME) treated by aflibercept in FOT. Methods A prospective, noncomparative, multicentric, non-interventional, study that evaluated functional and anatomical results of patients treated by aflibercept. Twelve retina specialists working in French Polynesia, La Reunion, Guadeloupe and Martinique participated in the study. Results 67 eyes of 57 patients were followed for 12 months. Average VA gain was 7.8 ETDRS letters. 29.9% of eyes gained at least 15 letters, 6% lost 15 letters or more. 67.2% of eyes achieved visual acuity of 70 letters or better. Average central retinal thickness decrease was 115.3 µm. The mean number of injections during the 1st year of treatment was 4.9. 69% of eyes had a loading dose of at least three-monthly injections. 3 eyes were switched to steroid injections during the follow-up for lack of efficacy. Conclusion This study confirmed the efficacy of intravitreal treatment of DME by aflibercept, in the French overseas territories. This evaluation of real-life management of DME underlines the importance of improvement of patient education and collaboration with referring physicians.

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