scholarly journals The Nature, Extent and Survivorship of Biofouling  Organisms at Different Hull Locations on Various Vessel Types

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ashley D M Coutts
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Percentage Cover ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
International Attention ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Correct Application ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Better Than

<p><b>The importance of vessel biofouling as a vector for the dispersal of non-indigenousmarine species (NIMS) is only just beginning to receive international attention. At thetime of commencing this study, there was a considerable lack of knowledge surroundingwhich vessels, hull locations, levels and types of biofouling pose the greatestbiosecurity risk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the nature, extentand survivorship of biofouling organisms on various vessel types at different hulllocations and offers a pragmatic risk assessment approach for managing this threat.</b></p> <p>The results of this thesis found that the recruitment, persistence, distribution, abundanceand species composition of biofouling on vessel hulls is influenced by many factorsincluding: 1) the presence/absence, age and type of anti-fouling coating; 2) voyageduration and route; and 3) port residency period. Therefore, higher levels of biofouling(species richness, percentage cover, and biomass), including NIMS are more likely toaccumulate and persist on vessels (and in hull locations) that: 1) lack and/or possess old,ineffective, damaged, inappropriate or unsuitable anti-fouling coatings; 2) spendprolonged periods stationary in ports; 3) travel at slow speeds (i.e. <10 knots); 4) haveshort voyage durations; and 5) remain at similar latitudes.</p> <p>Prevention is clearly better than a cure, hence the correct application and maintenanceof suitable anti-fouling coatings to the entire submerged hull surface of vessel hulls,including niche areas is the most cost-effective way of minimising the unwantedtranslocation of biofouling organisms and NIMS. However, the results of this thesisdemonstrate that if biofouling organisms colonise and establish on a vessel's hull,voyage speed alone is not capable of providing a reliable secondary level of defenceagainst the unwanted dispersal of NIMS. Clearly, the survivorship of biofoulingorganisms was highest amongst vessels that travelled at slow and medium speeds (e.g.</p> <p><10 knots). Therefore, given that accumulation of biofouling follows a successionalprocess and NIMS are more likely to be associated with higher levels of biofouling,vessels that travel at slow and medium speeds are more likely to pose the greatest riskof translocating NIMS on a vessel by vessel scale. However, despite the observationthat faster vessels reduce the diversity, quantity and quality of sessile biofoulingorganisms in laminar flow areas of the hull, a wide range of sessile, sedentary andmobile organisms were still cable of survival in areas protected from harsh hydrodynamically forces commonly referred to as niche areas, particularly within sea-chests.</p>

scholarly journals The Nature, Extent and Survivorship of Biofouling  Organisms at Different Hull Locations on Various Vessel Types

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ashley D M Coutts
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Percentage Cover ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
International Attention ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Correct Application ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Better Than

<p><b>The importance of vessel biofouling as a vector for the dispersal of non-indigenousmarine species (NIMS) is only just beginning to receive international attention. At thetime of commencing this study, there was a considerable lack of knowledge surroundingwhich vessels, hull locations, levels and types of biofouling pose the greatestbiosecurity risk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the nature, extentand survivorship of biofouling organisms on various vessel types at different hulllocations and offers a pragmatic risk assessment approach for managing this threat.</b></p> <p>The results of this thesis found that the recruitment, persistence, distribution, abundanceand species composition of biofouling on vessel hulls is influenced by many factorsincluding: 1) the presence/absence, age and type of anti-fouling coating; 2) voyageduration and route; and 3) port residency period. Therefore, higher levels of biofouling(species richness, percentage cover, and biomass), including NIMS are more likely toaccumulate and persist on vessels (and in hull locations) that: 1) lack and/or possess old,ineffective, damaged, inappropriate or unsuitable anti-fouling coatings; 2) spendprolonged periods stationary in ports; 3) travel at slow speeds (i.e. <10 knots); 4) haveshort voyage durations; and 5) remain at similar latitudes.</p> <p>Prevention is clearly better than a cure, hence the correct application and maintenanceof suitable anti-fouling coatings to the entire submerged hull surface of vessel hulls,including niche areas is the most cost-effective way of minimising the unwantedtranslocation of biofouling organisms and NIMS. However, the results of this thesisdemonstrate that if biofouling organisms colonise and establish on a vessel's hull,voyage speed alone is not capable of providing a reliable secondary level of defenceagainst the unwanted dispersal of NIMS. Clearly, the survivorship of biofoulingorganisms was highest amongst vessels that travelled at slow and medium speeds (e.g.</p> <p><10 knots). Therefore, given that accumulation of biofouling follows a successionalprocess and NIMS are more likely to be associated with higher levels of biofouling,vessels that travel at slow and medium speeds are more likely to pose the greatest riskof translocating NIMS on a vessel by vessel scale. However, despite the observationthat faster vessels reduce the diversity, quantity and quality of sessile biofoulingorganisms in laminar flow areas of the hull, a wide range of sessile, sedentary andmobile organisms were still cable of survival in areas protected from harsh hydrodynamically forces commonly referred to as niche areas, particularly within sea-chests.</p>

ANALYSIS OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE FOR ASSESSING THE LEADERSHIP QUALITIES OF STUDENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Anatoly Maslak
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Theory Of Measurement ◽  
Interval Scale ◽  
Leadership Qualities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Measuring Tool ◽  
Better Than

The quality of the questionnaire as a measuring tool largely determines the relevance of the results. The aim of the work is to analyze the quality of the questionnaire as a measuring tool used to evaluate the latent variable "leadership qualities of students". The study was conducted within the framework of the theory of measurement of latent variables, which has important advantages. First of all, the latent variable is determined operationally, through a set of indicators (questionnaire items), the more indicators, the higher the accuracy of the latent variable measurement. The latent variable and indicators are measured on the same interval scale in logits. This allows the use of a wide range of statistical procedures for the analysis of measurement results. The analysis of the following aspects of the quality of the questionnaire as a measuring tool: the presence of extreme indicators in the test, the compatibility of a set of indicators, the compliance of the questionnaire to the level of students on the measured latent variable, the uniformity of the distribution of indicators on the interval scale. The indicators that differentiate students with high and low levels of leadership qualities better than others are highlighted. Recommendations on the adjustment of the questionnaire as a measuring tool for assessing the leadership qualities of students are given. 

Bonded continuously reinforced concrete overlay on jointed concrete pavement

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 432-439
Author(s):  
Dar Hao Chen ◽  
Feng Hong
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ride Quality ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Cost Advantage ◽  
Jointed Concrete Pavement ◽  
Bonded Concrete Overlay ◽  
To Receive

A cost-effective strategy is needed to remedy the decaying jointed concrete pavements (JCP). The distress problems continue to cause poor ride quality and continued expense and delay to the traveling public. To explore the bonded concrete overlay (BCO), a half mile section was constructed with a 178 mm continuously reinforced concrete (CRC) overlay. Two other nearby sections were monitored along with the CRC BCO section, over the following 3 years. Over the 3 year period, the CRC BCO section was far less expensive to maintain than the other sections that continued to receive conventional full-depth repair (FDR). The ride quality of the CRC BCO section is also improved by approximately 60–100 inches/mile over conventionally FDR sections. It is believed that the CRC BCO offers a cost advantage over the conventional FDR strategy, and should be considered for future JCP rehabilitation projects.

scholarly journals On the advances to obtain excellent and repeatable mechanical properties and build quality of LaserForm® Ti gr23 (A) across whole build platform

2020 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 03015
Author(s):  
Anthony Beckers ◽  
Gokula Krishna Muralidharan ◽  
Karel Lietaert ◽  
Nachiketa Ray ◽  
Pierre Van Cauwenbergh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Part Quality ◽  
Metal Printing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Better Than

Direct Metal Printing (DMP) or Laser Based Powder Bed Fusion (L-BPF) enables manufacturing of highly complex geometries which are used in a wide range of applications - healthcare to aerospace. Producing these products with excellent and consistent part quality in terms of density and mechanical properties is key. DMP ProX® 320 machine has been used for over 10 years for this purpose. In this study, the key improvements made on the process stability for targeting consistent build quality across build platform and repeatability have been evaluated. The quality is assessed by determining the density, mechanical properties and surface roughness of direct metal printed LaserForm® Ti gr23 (A). The main finding from the study is that the use of the optimized gas flow enables production of LaserForm® Ti gr23 (A) with consistent and improved mechanical properties across the whole build platform. Moreover, there is no need any more for hot isostatic pressing to ensure good fatigue properties. The elongation strain to failure increased by 15 % to 20 %, which is 4-5 % higher than ASTM F3001 specifications. The axial fatigue limit (5x106 loading cycles) was 637 MPa (R=0.1), which is as good as or even better than annealed wrought Ti6Al4V.

scholarly journals Optimized Uplink Scheduling Model through Novel Feedback Architecture for Wimax Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1353-1359
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
User Mobility ◽  
Broadband Wireless ◽  
Bandwidth Request ◽  
Uplink Scheduling ◽  
Scheduling Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Video And Audio ◽  
Better Than

Broadband Wireless Access has drawn the fine attention due to the wide range of data requirement and user mobility all the time. Moreover, WiMAX provides the best QoE (Quality of Experience) which is based on the IEEE 802.16 standards; this includes several services such as data, video and audio. However, in order to provide the effective and smooth experience i.e. QoS scheduling plays one of the critical part. In past several mechanism has been proposed for effective scheduling however, through the research it is observed that it can be furthermore improvised hence in this we propose a mechanism named as OUS (Optimized Uplink Scheduling) which helps in improvising the QoS. In here, we have proposed a novel feedback architecture and proposed optimized scheduling which helps in computing the bandwidth request this in terms helps in reducing the delay as well as jitter. Moreover, the performance evaluation is performed through extensive simulation by varying the different SS and frequency and the results analysis confirms that our mechanism performs way better than the existing algorithm.

Pegfilgrastim in Congenital Neutropenia: An Observational Survey from the French SCN Registry.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 3308-3308
Author(s):  
B. Beaupain ◽  
T. Leblanc ◽  
O. Reman ◽  
J.P. Vannier ◽  
O. Hermine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Congenital Neutropenia ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Characteristic ◽  
Life Improvement ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Better Than

Abstract PegFilgrastim is registered in France since 2002. Its pharmacokinetic characteristic allows the possibility to limit the number of injections in patients with congenital neutropenia receiving long term G-CSF therapy. To date, no report has been issued about the outcome of patients with congenital neutropenia receiving this drug. At the cut-off date of July 31th, 2007, 339 patients with congenital neutropenia had been included in the French Severe chronic neutropenia (Severe congenital neutropenia n=142, WHIM n=16, Cyclic n=75; GSDIb n=16 SDS n=90). Eight patients (SCN n=4, Cyclic n=3 and GSDIb n=1) had been identified to receive PegFilgrastim. Median age at PegFilgrastim onset was 18.2 years (min 6.1-max 37.6). In 7 cases, PegFilgrastim was given in the continuation of Filgrastim (n=3) or Lenograstim(4), with a median delay of 13 years after G-CSF onset and in one case, PegFilgrastim was the initial prescription of cytokine. Dose of PegFilgrastim was usually a vial per injection, except in one child (1/2vials) resulting in a dose per injection between 90 and 286 μg/kg per injection. The rhythm of PegFilgrastim injection varied from 1 injection every 7 days until 1 injection every 14 days, with discontinuation period. The median duration (between onset of PegFilgrastim and the last dose) was 0.7 year (min 0.3–2.7). The efficiency measured by ANC criteria appears to better than G-CSF (fig 1: baseline Median ANC 156/mm3, Under G-CSF 501/mm3, Under PegFilgrastim 1901/mm3/ Kruskall Wallis test p=0.02). Severe infection was never reported under PegFilgrastim, but neither in the previous G-CSF therapeutic periods for the 7 patients. More frequent ENT infection was observed in one patient who consider the PegFilgrastim as less efficient than G-CSF. The side effects appeared to be more frequent compare to the G-CSF therapy. Bone pains were reported in 7 patients, anemia and thrombocytopenia (WHO gr II) in one, urticarian chronic skin rash in 3. Finally, at the last update, 7 patients had withdrawn PegFilgrastim, and had resumed G-CSF therapy. Only one patient is still receiving PegFilgrastim. In conclusion, PegFilgrastim appeared efficient in Congenital neutropenia, but more frequent short term side effects were observed compare to standard G-CSF therapy, resulting in a limited quality of life improvement, leading to drug withdrawn in most of the patients. Figure 1: Median ANC by diagnosis Figure 1:. Median ANC by diagnosis

The Development and Variation of Inca Architecture

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Protzen
Keyword(s):  
Road Networks ◽  
Hybrid Structures ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Machu Picchu ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
International Attention ◽  
Royal Road

The earliest Europeans in the Andes marveled at the quality of Inca masonry and the engineering of imperial infrastructure. Hiram Bingham’s rediscovery of Machu Picchu brought international attention to Inca architecture, and in recent decades, scholars have begun to place the most elaborate Inca constructions into a broader context. Inca architecture is found at special sites, including royal estates, administrative sites on the royal road networks, and religious shrines. Much of the finest Inca construction is found in the Cuzco region, where several structural types can be discerned. Beyond the capital region, Inca architecture appears in a wide range of hybrid structures, as well as in design features that echo the elite buildings of Cuzco. Although the finest Inca constructions were built of stone, other materials were used to build and roof imperial buildings, and the use of adobe and other materials connotes status and stylistic variations across the empire.

scholarly journals Using a Microwave Sensor as an Online Indicator of Neurological Impairment during Surgical Procedures

2013 ◽  
Vol 543 ◽  
pp. 368-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung H. Goh ◽  
Alex Mason ◽  
Mark Field ◽  
Paul Browning ◽  
Ahmed Al-Shamma'a
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Microwave Sensor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm Surgery ◽  
Online Methods

Lactate is known to be an indicator of neurological impairment during aortic aneurysm surgery. It is suggested that analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) removed during such surgery could provide useful information in this regard. Medical professionals find the prospect of online detection of such analytes exciting, as current practice is time consuming and leads to multiple invasive procedures. Advancing from the current laboratory based analysis techniques to online methods could provide the basis for improved treatment regimes, better quality of care, and enhanced resource efficiency within hospitals. Accordingly, this article considers the use of a low power microwave sensor to detect varying lactate concentrations. Microwave sensors provide a rapid non-invasive method of material analysis, which is robust, cost-effective, and has huge potential for a wide range of biomedical applications.

Usability Data Quality

2006 ◽  
pp. 661-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Danielson
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Usability Data ◽  
The Right ◽  
Effective Design

A substantial portion of usability work involves the coordinated collection of data by a team of specialists with varied backgrounds, employing multiple collection methods, and observing users with a wide range of skills, work contexts, goals, and responsibilities. The desired result is an improved system design, and the means to that end are the successful detection of, and reaction to, real deficiencies in system usability that severely impact the quality of experience for a range of users. In the context of user-centered design processes, valid and reliable data from a representative user sample is simply not enough. High-quality usability data is not just representative of reality. It is useful. It is persuasive in the eyes of the right stakeholders. It results in verifiable improvements to the system for which it is intended to represent a deficiency. The data must be efficiently and effectively translated into development action items with appropriate priority levels, and it must result in effective work products downstream, leading to cost-effective design changes. The remainder of this article (a) briefly reviews basic usability data collection concepts, (b) examines the dimensions that make up high-quality usability data, and (c) suggests future trends in usability data quality research.

NUMERICAL RESEARCH OF QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF REAGENT DISTRIBUTION BY COMBINED ROAD MACHINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
K. P. Mandrovskiy ◽  
Ya. S. Sadovnikova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Treatment Zone ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hydraulic Equipment ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Distribution Process ◽  
Numerical Research

From the theory of aerohydrodynamics it is known that the design of hydraulic nozzles and the modes of their operation determine the nature of the distribution of droplets in space and the efficiency of the process. The subject of the research is the characteristics of the distribution quality of the liquid reagent, namely, the speed of dropping of droplets from the disk and the radius of the treatment zone formed by flying droplets on the coating. The question of the dispersion of the spray torch of a low-viscosity liquid, its role in the formation of the basic kinematic characteristics of moving drops, is considered. The article provides a numerical calculation and analysis of the effect of the dispersion of droplets of a distributed liquid (reagent) on the rate of dropping of droplets from a rotating disk and on the radius of the coating treatment zone. For research, two values of nozzle nozzle openings and a wide range of variation in the diameters of reagent droplets were selected. Based on the mathematical models previously developed by the authors of the process of dropping droplets from the nozzle and the movement of droplets in the air, implemented as part of a software product, the velocity of dropping of droplets from the nozzle nozzle and the rate of dropping of droplets from the disk at a given pressure were calculated. A cycle of calculations of the radius of the coating treatment zone was carried out with varying work and geometric characteristics of hydraulic equipment, providing high-quality and cost-effective implementation of the anti-icing reagent distribution process.

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