scholarly journals Māori Vocabulary: A Study of Some High Frequency Homonyms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kelly Elizabeth Keane-Tuala
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Concordance Program

<p>The problem addressed in this thesis concerns the accuracy of Māori language vocabulary counts, e.g Boyce (2006), where Māori was found to use a very small vocabulary in comparison with e.g. English. As Boyce (2006, ii) acknowledges, this is partly explained by the degree of homonymy in Māori, which undermines the accuracy of the count. Homonymy is the phenomenon of the same string of letters (word-form) having two or more unrelated meanings (e.g. kī ‘say’, ‘be full’). Automated word-form counts of Maori language texts count the form kī as the same word, regardless of its meaning. Unless different meanings of the same word-form are counted as different words, such counts will underestimate the vocabulary of the Māori language. (Homonymy is not the only explanation for the low count; further explanations have been suggested by Bauer (2009) and Nation (2011).)  The thesis explores whether there are consistent clues in the linguistic environment that signal the correct interpretation of homonyms in texts, and if so, how such clues could be used for tagging corpora so that counting would be more accurate. The Boyce corpus of modern broadcast Māori (Boyce, 2006, ii) provided the data. Case studies were made of three high-frequency homonyms in this corpus, kī ‘say’, ‘full’, mea ‘say’, ‘thing’ and tau ‘settle’, ‘year’. Lyons' (1968) criterion of distinction was applied to establish the lexemes realised by each of these word-forms on the basis of dictionary and etymological information. The tokens of each word-form were then extracted from Boyce’s (2006) corpus using the concordance program ‘WordSmith Tools’. WordSmith Tools is a computer program that helps to look at how words behave in a text. Concord which is part of WordSmith Tools enables the user to see any word or phrase in context. Phrase peripheries (the words before and after each word-form in the same phrase) were analysed and the wider syntactic environment was also examined in order to find clues which signalled the appropriate lexeme for each token. The results showed that the lexemes from all three case studies could be identified in the corpus on the basis of consistent clues that occur in its linguistic environment. If the phrasal periphery of the word-form is examined, and the grammatical information supplied by the wider linguistic environment is taken into account, it is possible to determine the appropriate lexemic tag for a word-form in a corpus in Māori.</p>

scholarly journals Māori Vocabulary: A Study of Some High Frequency Homonyms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kelly Elizabeth Keane-Tuala
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Concordance Program

<p>The problem addressed in this thesis concerns the accuracy of Māori language vocabulary counts, e.g Boyce (2006), where Māori was found to use a very small vocabulary in comparison with e.g. English. As Boyce (2006, ii) acknowledges, this is partly explained by the degree of homonymy in Māori, which undermines the accuracy of the count. Homonymy is the phenomenon of the same string of letters (word-form) having two or more unrelated meanings (e.g. kī ‘say’, ‘be full’). Automated word-form counts of Maori language texts count the form kī as the same word, regardless of its meaning. Unless different meanings of the same word-form are counted as different words, such counts will underestimate the vocabulary of the Māori language. (Homonymy is not the only explanation for the low count; further explanations have been suggested by Bauer (2009) and Nation (2011).)  The thesis explores whether there are consistent clues in the linguistic environment that signal the correct interpretation of homonyms in texts, and if so, how such clues could be used for tagging corpora so that counting would be more accurate. The Boyce corpus of modern broadcast Māori (Boyce, 2006, ii) provided the data. Case studies were made of three high-frequency homonyms in this corpus, kī ‘say’, ‘full’, mea ‘say’, ‘thing’ and tau ‘settle’, ‘year’. Lyons' (1968) criterion of distinction was applied to establish the lexemes realised by each of these word-forms on the basis of dictionary and etymological information. The tokens of each word-form were then extracted from Boyce’s (2006) corpus using the concordance program ‘WordSmith Tools’. WordSmith Tools is a computer program that helps to look at how words behave in a text. Concord which is part of WordSmith Tools enables the user to see any word or phrase in context. Phrase peripheries (the words before and after each word-form in the same phrase) were analysed and the wider syntactic environment was also examined in order to find clues which signalled the appropriate lexeme for each token. The results showed that the lexemes from all three case studies could be identified in the corpus on the basis of consistent clues that occur in its linguistic environment. If the phrasal periphery of the word-form is examined, and the grammatical information supplied by the wider linguistic environment is taken into account, it is possible to determine the appropriate lexemic tag for a word-form in a corpus in Māori.</p>

Аpplying of high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation in the treatment of chronic pulpitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
F. Yu. Daurova ◽  
D. I. Tomaeva ◽  
S. V. Podkopaeva ◽  
Yu. A. Taptun
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
The Third ◽  
Before And After

Relevance: the reason for the development of complications in endodontic treatment is poor-quality instrumental treatment root canals.Aims: a study of the animicrobial action and clinical efficacy of high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation in the treatment of chronic forms of pulpitis.Materials and methods: 102 patients with various chronic forms of pulpitis were divided into three groups of 34 patients each. In the first two groups, high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation was used in endodontic treatment in different modes. In the third group, endodontic treatment was carried out without the use of diathermocoagulation (comparison group). The root canal microflora in chronic pulpitis in vivo was studied twice-before and after diathermocoagulation.Results: it was established that high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation in the effect mode is 3, power is 4 (4.1 W) and effect is 4, power is 4 (5.4 W) with an exposure time of 3 seconds, it has a pronounced antibacterial effect on all presented pathogenic microflora obtained from the root canals of the teeth.

More Alike Than Unalike: Cross-language Similarity Influences Novel Word Lexicalization in Bilingual Individuals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Palma ◽  
Marie-France Marin ◽  
k onishi ◽  
Debra Titone
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lexical Representations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Explicit Recognition ◽  
Novel Word Learning ◽  
Cross Language

Although several studies have focused on novel word learning and consolidation in native (presumably monolingual) speakers, less is know about how bilinguals add novel words to their mental lexicon. Here, we trained 33 English-French bilinguals on novel word-forms that were neighbors to “hermit” English words (i.e., words with no existing neighbors). Importantly, these English words varied in terms of orthographic overlap with their French translation equivalent (i.e., cognates vs. noncognates). We measured explicit recognition of the novel neighbors and the interaction between novel neighbors and English words through a lexical decision task, both before and after a sleep interval. In the lexical decision task, we found evidence of immediate facilitation for English words with novel neighbors, and evidence of competition after a sleep interval for cognate words only. These results suggest that higher quality of existing lexical representations predicts an earlier onset for novel word lexicalization.

Fountains as Reservoirs of Myth and Memory

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsey A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
Local Nature

Case studies from Hellenistic and imperial Corinth and Ephesus demonstrate the ways in which springs and fountains were used to honour forces of nature, commemorate mythological figures and events, and strengthen, or even invent, local traditions. Famous for its natural water supply, Corinth capitalized on storied springs, both before and after its destruction and refoundation as a Roman colony. The fountains of Peirene and Glauce demonstrate different strategies for connecting past and present and establishing authority by the manipulation of architectural form and the selective retelling of stories. At Ephesus, Hellenistic and Roman fountains celebrated local nature and myth with increasingly extravagant architecture, statuary, and water displays. This chapter focuses on a series of fountains that featured the founding hero Androclus, from a monument erected in his honour to great facade fountains in which he was one of many figures communicating Ephesian identity and pride.

scholarly journals Why Words Are Hard for Adults With Developmental Language Impairments

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1845-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla K. McGregor ◽  
Ulla Licandro ◽  
Richard Arenas ◽  
Nichole Eden ◽  
Derek Stiles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Language Impairments ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Purpose To determine whether word learning problems associated with developmental language impairment (LI) reflect deficits in encoding or subsequent remembering of forms and meanings. Method Sixty-nine 18- to 25-year-olds with LI or without (the normal development [ND] group) took tests to measure learning of 16 word forms and meanings immediately after training (encoding) and 12 hr, 24 hr, and 1 week later (remembering). Half of the participants trained in the morning, and half trained in the evening. Results At immediate posttest, participants with LI performed more poorly on form and meaning than those with ND. Poor performance was more likely among those with more severe LI. The LI–ND gap for word form recall widened over 1 week. In contrast, the LI and ND groups demonstrated no difference in remembering word meanings over the week. In both groups, participants who trained in the evening, and therefore slept shortly after training, demonstrated greater gains in meaning recall than those who trained in the morning. Conclusions Some adults with LI have encoding deficits that limit the addition of word forms and meanings to the lexicon. Similarities and differences in patterns of remembering in the LI and ND groups motivate the hypothesis that consolidation of declarative memory is a strength for adults with LI.

scholarly journals High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation Combined with Volume Guarantee in a Neonatal Animal Model of Respiratory Distress Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Sánchez Luna ◽  
Martín Santos González ◽  
Francisco Tendillo Cortijo
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Lung Surfactant ◽  
High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation ◽  
Constant Frequency ◽  
Oscillatory Ventilation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lung Condition ◽  
High Frequency Oscillatory

Objective. To assess volume guarantee (VG) ventilation combined with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) strategy on PaCO2regulation in an experimental model of neonatal distress syndrome.Methods. Six 2-day-old piglets weighing  kg were used for this interventional experimental study. Animals were ventilated during physiologic lung conditions and after depletion of lung surfactant by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The effect of HFOV combined with VG on PaCO2was evaluated at different high-frequency expired tidal volume (VThf) at constant frequency () and mean airway pressure (mPaw). Fluctuations of the pressure (ΔPhf) around the mPaw and PaCO2were analyzed before and after lung surfactant depletion.Results. PaCO2levels were inversely proportional to VThf. In the physiological lung condition, an increase in VThf caused a significant decrease in PaCO2and an increase in ΔPhf. After BAL, PaCO2did not change as compared with pre-BAL situation as the VThf remained constant by the ventilator.Conclusions. In this animal model, using HFOV combined with VG, changes in the VThf settings induced significant modifications in PaCO2. After changing the lung condition by depletion of surfactant, PaCO2remained unchanged, as the VThf setting was maintained constant by modifications in the ΔPhf done by the ventilator.

scholarly journals Triggerfish Recording of IOP Patterns in Combined HFDS Minimally Invasive Glaucoma and Cataract Surgery: A Prospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 3472
Author(s):  
Bojan Pajic ◽  
Mirko Resan ◽  
Brigitte Pajic-Eggspuehler ◽  
Horace Massa ◽  
Zeljka Cvejic
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Glaucoma Surgery ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Contact Lens Sensor ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: The aim of the study is to investigate whether the circadian IOP rhythm can be influenced by combined cataract surgery with high frequency deep sclerotomy (HFDS) and whether intraocular pressure (IOP) can be significantly reduced by HFDS. Methods: In our study 10 patients were included, in whom 24 h IOP monitoring was installed before and after HFDS/cataract surgery using a Triggerfish. HFDS is a minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS). Results: After performed HFDS combined with cataract surgery, the IOP was reduced from 27.7 ± 2.11 mmHg to 14.4 ± 2.59 mmHg, which is highly significant (p < 0.001). The contact lens sensor (CLS) cosinor analysis pre- and postoperatively showed that the circadian rhythm is not influenced by the surgery, i.e., the circadian IOP rhythm did not show significant differences before and after surgery. Conclusions: HFDS combined with cataract surgery is a potent surgical method that can significantly reduce the IOP. However, the circadian rhythm cannot be changed by the surgery. The acrophase remained during the night in all patients.

The behavior of managers handling digital business transformations: theoretical issues and preliminary evidence from firms in the manufacturing industry

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Matricano ◽  
Laura Castaldi ◽  
Mario Sorrentino ◽  
Elena Candelo
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Digital Innovation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Theoretical Issues

PurposeOrganizational culture plays a central role when dealing with the issue of digital business transformation (DBT). Managers handling a DBT and involved in digital strateging are expected to modify the organizational culture of firms to make it more fitting with the paradigm of digital economy and having more chance of success. Thus, it is noteworthy to inspect the role they can have over DBTs. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the behavior that managers assume when they approach DBTs by investigating whether they act as mentors/facilitators or entrepreneurs/innovators, as coordinators or decision makers.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the above purpose, ten case studies about manufacturing firms have been selected. Case studies, retrieved by the Digital Innovation Observatories of the School of Management of the Politecnico di Milano, are studied and analyzed by means of a qualitative content analysis on textual data. This allows getting specific insights into organizational culture before and after DBT and about the role played by managers.FindingsAchieved results disclose that managers need to modify the organizational culture of their firms to handle a successful DBT. However, firms can assume different organizational culture and thus the role assumed by managers handling a DBT can change as well.Originality/valueTo the authors knowledge, this paper is among the first that aim to investigate the role that mangers assume when handling DBTs. In particular, originality lies in the fact that assumed roles are rebuilt in reference to their ability to modify organizational culture.

Evaluation of an Automated Reminder System for Reducing Missed MRI Appointments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Kenniff ◽  
Daniel Thomas Ginat
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Reminder Systems ◽  
Missed Appointments ◽  
Reminder System ◽  
Appointment Attendance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quality Of Outcome

Abstract Background The high frequency of missed appointments continues to be a burden to healthcare providers, leading to decreased productivity, quality of service, and quality of outcome. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Televox’s automated appointment reminder service in reducing the missed appointment rate. Televox appointment reminders were implemented at three of five locations in October 2018, and the total and no-show numbers were summed across those locations for each month to calculate monthly missed appointment rates. T-tests were used to compare the missed appointment rate before and after October for four groups, locations with or without Televox implementation, in 2018 or 2019. Results An insignificant decline in missed appointment rates was found in locations using with Televox (p = 0.495) overall, although a significant decrease in missed appointments was found among Medicaid patients (p = 0.0381). Conclusion Implementation of Televox appointment reminder systems did not significantly affect appointment attendance overall, but could be more useful specifically for encouraging Medicaid patients to attend MRI appointments.

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