International Migration Decision-Making: The Peculiar Case of New Zealand

10.26686/wgtn.17006179.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Aidan Tabor

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Decision Making ◽

Individual Differences ◽

New Zealand ◽

Decision Process ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

Migration Decision ◽

The Relationship ◽

Peculiar Case

<p>New Zealand is a peculiar case because it has both high immigration (roughly 23% born abroad) and high emigration (24% of highly skilled New Zealanders live overseas). Within this context, the purpose of this research is to a) examine why some people selfselect to migrate internationally and others do not, b) explore how people make a decision to leave their country of origin, c) investigate how they select a destination, and d) consider how insights learned can contribute to Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM) theory of how decisions are made in the real world. In the first study, three of the largest immigrant source countries were selected for inclusion: United Kingdom/Ireland (with higher wages than New Zealand), South Africa (similar wages), and India (lower wages). Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 20 pre-departure and 26 post-arrival migrants to New Zealand. A thematic analysis was conducted separately for each country’s data, resulting in a total of 1564 coded extracts in 43 themes and subthemes. The findings support the view that the migration decision process contains three decisions: whether to go, where to go and when to go. Regarding the question of whether to go, Indian and British participants had very similar reasons for leaving their country of origin: lifestyle and work/life balance, opportunities for work and children, and environment. South Africans were overwhelmingly concerned with quality of life, particularly safety. New Zealand was selected as a destination of choice due to quality of life, climate, accessibility of nature, cultural similarity, career opportunities, visa process transparency and the perception that migrants were wanted. On the question of when to go, unlike much of the decision-making in the research literature, this decision process was a negotiation between partners that occurred over a long period of time, quite often years. The second study explored individual differences, such as personality characteristics, in the international mobility intentions of New Zealanders. In a sample of 205 adults born and currently living in New Zealand, 38.5% were planning to move abroad. Using logistical regression techniques, it was found that higher persistence, openness to experience, extraversion, and promotion focus all increased the chances that a participant was planning departure. Higher agreeableness and conscientiousness lowered the odds of a move. Gender moderated the relationship between sensation seeking and intention to migrate, with women’s decision being influenced to a greater extent than men’s by sensation seeking. Also, gender moderated the relationship between emotional stability and intention to migrate, as men who were lower in emotional stability were more likely to leave. The implications from this research include the following NDM-based assumptions: migration decision-making is a process driven by individual differences, occurs over time, has multiple decision-makers, exists within a social (family) context, has real consequences for the parties involved, is bound by cultural norms, takes place in a dynamically-changing environment (including immigration policy changes, life-stage, family health and resources changes), and is the expression of goals that may change during the process.</p>

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The relationship between shared decision-making and health-related quality of life among patients in Hong Kong SAR, China

International Journal for Quality in Health Care ◽

10.1093/intqhc/mzx067 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 534-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Richard H. Xu ◽

ANNIE W. L. Cheung ◽

Eliza L. Y. Wong

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Decision Making ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Shared Decision ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Related Quality ◽

Hong Kong Sar ◽

Health Related ◽

The Relationship

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Patient explicit consideration of tradeoffs in decision making about rectal cancer treatment: benefits for decision process and quality of life

Acta Oncologica ◽

10.1080/0284186x.2019.1594363 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 58 (7) ◽

pp. 1069-1076 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Arwen H. Pieterse ◽

Marleen Kunneman ◽

Wilbert B. van den Hout ◽

Monique Baas-Thijssen ◽

Elisabeth D. Geijsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Decision Making ◽

Rectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Decision Process ◽

Treatment Benefits ◽

Explicit Consideration ◽

Rectal Cancer Treatment

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DECISION-MAKING HEURISTICS AND PERCEIVED QUALITY OF LIFE

Eurasian Journal of Business and Management ◽

10.15604/ejbm.2021.09.02.001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 90-99

Author(s):

Nahid Unkic ◽

◽

Jasmina Okicic ◽

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Decision Making ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Positive Association ◽

Perceived Quality ◽

Probit Regression ◽

Chi Square ◽

Perceived Quality Of Life ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of this research is to provide some insights into relationship between decisionmaking heuristics and perceived quality of life. Using the purposive sampling technique, data collection was carried out, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, from June to October 2020, yielding a sample of 319 valid responses. To gain a better understanding of the relationship between decision-making heuristics and the perceived quality of life, we, primarily, use descriptive statistical analysis, chi-square test and probit regression model. The research findings have revealed positive association between all three decision-making heuristics, i.e. representativeness, anchoring, availability, and perceived quality of life. Furthermore, the group with above-average perceived quality of life have higher representativeness, anchoring, and availability scores comparing to the group with below-average perceived quality of life. These differences are statistically significant. Furthermore, out of three decision-making heuristics components, availability, or a heuristic whereby people make judgments about the likelihood of an event based on how easily a similar example comes to mind, seems to be the strongest predictor of the perceived quality of life. Memories that are easily recalled are often insufficient for estimating likelihood of occurring similar events again in the future. In that respect, availability may produce low-quality information in the decision making process. Ultimately, this may lead to bad decisions.

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Factors Affecting Interpretation of Diagnostic Images as a Decision Process:

Visible Language ◽

10.34314/vl.v55i2.4608 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Elzbieta T. Kazmierczak

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Decision Process ◽

Meaning Making ◽

Personality Characteristics ◽

Future Research ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Research And Practice ◽

Interpersonal Abuse ◽

The Relationship

This article presents an empirical investigation into interpreters’ decision-making criteria, personality characteristics, and emotion-laden experiences as factors affecting interpretation of images that were created for diagnostic assessment. Specifically, it seeks to examine (1) heuristic strategies as interpretive tools, which are both cognitive and experience-based, (2) the relationship between the decision criteria and accuracy of the judgments, and (3) the relationship between interpreters’ experiences of abuse as victims and the judgments about the meaning of images. The study used a sample of 196 self-representational drawings created by college students and 60 independent interpreters who were asked to identify drawings that were created by individuals who experienced interpersonal abuse. This study identified six visual heuristics that were reported independently by 60 percent of the interpreters and were associated with marginally higher accuracy of the interpretive judgments. Thirty-eight percent of participants reported making judgments about the meaning of drawings based on direct or secondhand experiences with interpersonal abuse. The study found that the trauma of interpersonal abuse can profoundly bias interpretive judgments. This result has been particularly robust among female interpreters. Women who self-identified as survivors of abuse saw indicators of abuse up to 90 percent of the time, whereas male interpreters who have been abused saw indicators of abuse up to 65 percent of the time, whether or not those purported indicators were correct. Implications of the findings for design are discussed. An overarching goal of this article is to address interpretation of images as a decision process. The study situated the factors affecting interpretation of images within the framework of the naturalistic/ ecological psychology (Brunswik, 1952, 1955) and the fast and frugal heuristic model of decision-making (Gigerenzer, 2007) vis-à-vis a model of conscious and nonconscious information processing. This study also recognized that certain personality characteristics and emotion-laden experiences can influence the quality of interpretive judgments. The frameworks, methods, and findings from psychology have been used with an intent to inform future research and practice of image construction and interpretation in visual studies and design. One limitation of this study is that it relied on participants’ introspection and reflection on the decision process. There is a risk, then, that interpreters’ explanations of how they arrived with judgments were translations rather than representations of the decision process. Even though this study has not cracked the black box of meaning-making inside the mind, it offers an analytical framework for studies of visual interpretation as a decision process that combines cognitive, personality, and experiential factors as influencing the quality of interpretations. The article translates the findings of the study into practical guidelines for applications in visual communication design and human-centered design research and practice.

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The Relationship between Concordance Behaviour with Treatment Compliance and Quality Of Life of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Medan

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.321 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 1536-1539

Author(s):

Pandiaman Pandia ◽

Tamsil Syafiuddin ◽

Adang Bachtiar ◽

Kintoko Rochadi

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Decision Making ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Treatment Compliance ◽

Tuberculosis Treatment ◽

Good Compliance ◽

Good Concordance ◽

The Relationship

BACKGROUND: Indonesia is the country with the second highest number of tuberculosis in the world. Patient compliance with tuberculosis treatment is still very low. Thus the success rate of treatment is also unsatisfactory. Concordance behaviour is a model of the doctor-patient relationship that combines aspects of the partnership, sharing decision making and trust. It is considered better than adherence to improve compliance and quality of life in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. AIM: This study aims to assess the relationship between concordance and the level of adherence to pulmonary tuberculosis treatment along with the quality of life in Medan. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 259 tuberculosis patients from several clinics and hospitals in Medan from 2015 to 2017, by asking patients to fill out questionnaires that had been tested for validity and reliability first. The concordance behaviour questionnaire contains 56 questions covering aspects of knowledge, partnership, sharing decision making, trust, and support. While compliance was measured by 14 questions covering attitude and behaviour. Statistical analysis was performed by Chi-Square test in SPSS v20. RESULTS: This study shows that most TB patients (75.7%) have a good concordance, in which the aspect of knowledge, partnership, sharing and support were all good. However, the component of trust in the most patient (75.7%) was still low. Based on the level of compliance, 84.2% of patients had good compliance. However, the level of behaviour in 55.2% of patients was still low. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between concordance and compliance (p = 0.009), in which patient with good concordance had 2.6 higher probability for good compliance. However, there was no significant association between concordance and quality of life (p = 0.63). CONCLUSION: Concordance behaviour is a good concept to be applied to improve treatment compliance of pulmonary TB patients.

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