scholarly journals Living on the Edge - Defining Shipbreaking at the Edge of Globalisation in Alang, Inida

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Edward Dromgool
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Business Practice ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Lead Paint ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Family Based ◽  
By Products

<p>Forty thousand men on the coastline of Alang, India, dismantle a large portion of the world’s discarded ships in a process referred to as shipbreaking. The discarded vessels are dismantled piece by piece, with no more than a gas torch and physical labour in a country with little to no regulations on the rules of labour or environmental protection. Workers of the shipbreaking yards live in slum dwellings, within a toxic landscape of petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, lead paint and asbestos; all are toxic by-products of globalised industrialisation. As a result of the extreme work and poor housing conditions, the impoverished inhabitants are at high risk of life threatening diseases which commonly result in death. On the shipbreaking yard alone, an average of sixteen deaths per year occur as a result of the extremely hazardous working conditions. While the need to dismantle and recycle ships will not disappear any time soon, it is imperative that current practices become safe to both workers and the environment.  This thesis outlines a design project that introduces the creation of an ecosystem within the shipbreaking community of Alang by introducing many interconnected systems that allow for self-sufficiency. Inspired by concepts of bio-mimicry, the project provides the means to capture toxins safely using naturally produced materials; creates community, family based housing that replaces the current housing slums; and modernises the shipbreaking process by implementing a cyclical ecosystem that capitalises on the regions natural resources. By making the process of shipbreaking environmentally safe and creating a hazard free, more productive work environment, this project suggests that a business practice that is unwanted and hidden can be productive and economically viable.</p>

scholarly journals Living on the Edge - Defining Shipbreaking at the Edge of Globalisation in Alang, Inida

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Edward Dromgool
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Business Practice ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Lead Paint ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Family Based ◽  
By Products

<p>Forty thousand men on the coastline of Alang, India, dismantle a large portion of the world’s discarded ships in a process referred to as shipbreaking. The discarded vessels are dismantled piece by piece, with no more than a gas torch and physical labour in a country with little to no regulations on the rules of labour or environmental protection. Workers of the shipbreaking yards live in slum dwellings, within a toxic landscape of petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, lead paint and asbestos; all are toxic by-products of globalised industrialisation. As a result of the extreme work and poor housing conditions, the impoverished inhabitants are at high risk of life threatening diseases which commonly result in death. On the shipbreaking yard alone, an average of sixteen deaths per year occur as a result of the extremely hazardous working conditions. While the need to dismantle and recycle ships will not disappear any time soon, it is imperative that current practices become safe to both workers and the environment.  This thesis outlines a design project that introduces the creation of an ecosystem within the shipbreaking community of Alang by introducing many interconnected systems that allow for self-sufficiency. Inspired by concepts of bio-mimicry, the project provides the means to capture toxins safely using naturally produced materials; creates community, family based housing that replaces the current housing slums; and modernises the shipbreaking process by implementing a cyclical ecosystem that capitalises on the regions natural resources. By making the process of shipbreaking environmentally safe and creating a hazard free, more productive work environment, this project suggests that a business practice that is unwanted and hidden can be productive and economically viable.</p>

scholarly journals Biofuels for Defence Use: Past, Present And Future

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Atul Grover ◽  
Lekha Charan Meher ◽  
Ranjit Singh ◽  
Abhinav Singh ◽  
Sudhanshu Tiwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Biofuel Feedstock ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The World ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Generation Biofuel ◽  
Petroleum Fuels ◽  
By Products ◽  
Different Parts

Defence sector desires to attain energy self-sufficiency and security. In recent years, emergence of biofuel as an alternative source has raised the hopes of Defence. Ethanol and bio-diesel are currently being used as blends in different parts of the world. While, bio-diesel is mostly being blended in 2-20% in different parts of the world, ethanol blending has reached upto 85%. Owing to the sustainability reasons, the choice of feedstock for ethanol production is gradually changing from corn to lignocelluloses biomass. Jatropha curcas, is still the choice feedstockfor bio-diesel in most third world countries. This institute has put in rigrous efforts to identify high yielding varieties of Jatropha, improving its yield, standardizing trans-esterification to obtain high quality bio-diesel and its trials and testing in various vehicles and equipment. Second generation biofuels using biomass such as farm and forest wastes as feedstocks are promising in terms of their overall sustainability and volume produced. They can be used as drop in fuels. However, time is required to utilize their potential fully. Algae, the third generation biofuel feedstock still needs extensive R&D to make it economically sustainable. Whatever, the technology used, defence forces will accept any biofuel, which should be available constantly and priced below the existing petroleum fuels. The scope of producing by-products and finding a lucarative market for these products can ensure that prices ofbiofuels remain lower than the petroleum fuels

The women behind Times New Roman

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-224
Author(s):  
Alice Savoie
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Western World ◽  
Design History ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Original Idea ◽  
Female Figures ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Family Based

Abstract The narrative behind the creation of Times New Roman, one of the most widely used typefaces in the western world, is well established and revolves around famous male figures of British typographic history. This article recognises the role played by the Monotype Type Drawing Office (TDO), and of its draughtswomen in particular, in the making of the typeface. While female figures are largely absent from type histories, this contribution emphasises the key role played by the women who worked on adapting Stanley Morison’s original idea for Times New Roman into a fully working, extensive type family. Based on original archival material, it discusses the background of these women, their working conditions, and the nature of their contribution to type-making. In a wider perspective, this article advocates a more inclusive and collaborative view of design history and of its narratives.

scholarly journals Role of sunflower production and processing in import substitution

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00035
Author(s):  
Alexey Ilyin ◽  
Karina Shtokolova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strategic Objective ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
By Products ◽  
Sunflower Production

The role of sunflower production and processing within the framework of import substitution is extremely important for food industry: in addition to the production of sunflower oil and its fractions, sunflower and its by-products are actively used in confectionery industry, and waste is a valuable feed for farm animals. The study considers the trends in sunflower cultivation and processing in Russia, as well as the development of export and import since the beginning of the food embargo. Today, sunflower is one of the most dynamically developing agricultural crops in Russia, as evidenced by the positive dynamics of sown areas and gross yield. At the same time, in recent years, sunflower cultivation has intensified, as a result of which its yield has increased by 40% over the past 6 years. Among other types of crops actively grown in Russia, sunflower today demonstrates quite high rates, second only to soy. With the dynamic development of sunflower production and processing in the country, there has been a change in the vector of agricultural production of this crop as part of the import substitution strategy and food security. Whereas previously the main strategic objective was to increase the level of self-sufficiency and ensure the country’s domestic needs for sunflower and its by-products, today, as production develops, there is a transition to an export-oriented model.

Techno-economic indicators for the thermochemical and biochemical routes for biofuels production using sugarcane bagasse as feedstock

2010 ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Obando ◽  
M.A Gualdrón ◽  
M.L.G. Reno ◽  
E.E.S. Lora
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
High Investment ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
By Products ◽  
Dry Substance

The main goal of this paper is to compare the biochemical and thermochemical routes for second generation biofuels production performance, using efficiency and economic indicators. In both cases, the feedstock used is bagasse. Calculations are carried out for a biofuel plant having a bagasse consumption of 1772 t/d of dry substance, equivalent to 400 MW of thermal energy. By-products utilisation, such as lignin in the biochemical route, and bagasse for steam and electricity self-sufficiency through cogeneration were also considered. The high production cost of bioethanol obtained through the biochemical route (USD21.32 to USD22.7 per GJETOH) is strongly influenced by the enzyme costs. The biomethanol production cost by the thermochemical route (USD15.82 per GJMeOH) is mainly influenced by the high investment cost.

scholarly journals Cancer and Anorexia Nervosa in the Adolescence: A Family-Based Systemic Intervention

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella De Benedetta ◽  
Ida Bolognini ◽  
Silvia D'Ovidio ◽  
Antonello Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Adolescent Cancer ◽  
Systemic Intervention ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Disordered Eating Behavior ◽  
Family Based

Objective. Anorexia nervosa is difficult to diagnose in cancer patients since weight loss, aversion for food, and eating disturbances are frequent in patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Nevertheless, efforts are mandatory to recognize and manage this condition which may occur also in cancer patients with a special regard to adolescents. Methods. Through the clinical history of Anna, a 15-year-old adolescent with advanced cancer, we describe the effectiveness of a family-based systemic intervention to manage anorexia nervosa occurring in concomitance to osteosarcoma. Results. Through a two-year psychotherapy period involving different techniques applied to the whole family such as family genogram, family collage, and sculpture of family time, Anna was relieved from her condition. Conclusions. Upon early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, anorexia nervosa can be effectively approached in adolescent cancer patients. The presence of a life-threatening medical condition such as cancer may provide motivation for a patient to control disordered eating behavior in the context of an appropriate family-based systemic intervention. The general frame of anorexia occurring in cancer-bearing adolescents is reviewed and discussed.

scholarly journals THE USE OF CHILD'S AND WOMEN'S LABOR AS A SOURCE OF REPLENISHMENT OF LABOR IN THE MINING PLANTS OF THE URALS AT AN EARLY STAGE OF THE GENESIS OF CAPITALISM

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Ramil Mudarisov ◽  
◽  
Rinat Farkhtdinov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Gold Mines ◽  
Economic Coercion

The article deals with the issue of the use of children and women there, their number in metallurgical plants, mines and gold mines of the Urals at an early stage of the emergence of capitalism. The methods of both economic and non-economic coercion of young children and women are investigated. The study examines working conditions, working hours, wages, food, housing conditions, and the state of medical care.

Water Challenges in Building a Sustainable City in the Middle East - A Masdar Perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Hartman ◽  
A. A. Kulaib ◽  
C. R. Drew ◽  
J. R. Witherspoon
Keyword(s):  
Water Cycle ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Residential Water Consumption ◽  
The City ◽  
By Products

Masdar Initiative is Abu Dhabi's multi-faceted investment to establish a centre designed to be a global focus of innovative technologies in renewable, alternative and sustainable energies as well as sustainable design. Once constructed, Masdar City's water system will use total water management principles to consider all parts of the water cycle as potential resources. This approach includes aggressive use of a variety of water sources, including groundwater, seawater, surface runoff, and rainwater, as well as reuse of greywater and blackwater. Sustainable principles will be implemented for resource recovery coupled management of by-products. Attainment of this goal requires reduction in residential water consumption and education on utilisation. Technology is a major focus of the city, and testing and implementation is critical to success. Achieving self-sufficiency and sustainability is an immense undertaking for Masdar, and water systems are a key component to its development.

scholarly journals Analysis of the comfort life and work in the assessment of the occupational group of employees in the energy sector on the basis of a mining company

2019 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 02016
Author(s):  
Barbara Kowal
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Professional Group ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Hard Coal Mining ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Subject

There is a large number of jobs in Poland, the performance of which involves working in difficult, arduous conditions. Such jobs include probably the work of miners in hard coal mines. They often go to the mine several times a week for many years. They work several hundred meters underground in the dark, high temperature, humidity, dust and noise with loud machines. Such extreme working conditions cause many occupational diseases caused by these conditions and even life threatening. The total number of accidents in the whole mining has decreased at the turn of the last years, however, in the hard coal mining itself, it remains at a similar level. When performing work in such difficult conditions, the miner should know well and, above all, observe the work safety regulations. The appropriate organizational culture enables, among others shaping the level of safety culture and improving working conditions [2, 14, 19, 25, 26]. Therefore, miners should be constantly motivated to work safely, but also rewarded. The results of the literature analysis of the subject were supported by own research in the scope of the subject of comfort of life and work in the assessment of the professional group of energy sector employees on the example of a mining enterprise. The research was carried out among miners, in one of the Polish mines. They were intended to show the magnitude of the problem of discomfort in the work of a professional group of miners in hard coal mining, as well as comfort of life and motivation for a safe working mode.

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