scholarly journals He Whakamāramatanga mo te Taihara: A Cultural-Ecological Perspective of Agency and Offending Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Annalisa Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Preliminary Model ◽  
Cultural Ecological ◽  
Offending Behaviour ◽  
The Individual

<p>This thesis aims to outline the important role of culture in the development of the human mind and behaviour, and therefore argues that cultural information is a key part of forensic explanation. Differing cultural experiences, such as marginalisation, contribute to the differential representation of individuals and groups in criminal justice systems. Although there are multiple means through which this occurs, this thesis focuses on the role of the individual agentic process, nested within a historically-derived cultural context. Building on previous theoretical work, a preliminary model – the Cultural-Ecological Predictive Agency Model – is presented that might better assist comprehensive explanation of offending behaviour with reference to cultural processes and concepts. The model is then applied to an exemplar, compared to current approaches to rehabilitation and desistance, and some implications for forensic practice are suggested. The overall goal of this thesis is to explicate the potential cultural impacts on individuals who commit offences, and examine some of the causes of offending beyond ‘faulty individual psychology’.</p>

scholarly journals He Whakamāramatanga mo te Taihara: A Cultural-Ecological Perspective of Agency and Offending Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Annalisa Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Preliminary Model ◽  
Cultural Ecological ◽  
Offending Behaviour ◽  
The Individual

<p>This thesis aims to outline the important role of culture in the development of the human mind and behaviour, and therefore argues that cultural information is a key part of forensic explanation. Differing cultural experiences, such as marginalisation, contribute to the differential representation of individuals and groups in criminal justice systems. Although there are multiple means through which this occurs, this thesis focuses on the role of the individual agentic process, nested within a historically-derived cultural context. Building on previous theoretical work, a preliminary model – the Cultural-Ecological Predictive Agency Model – is presented that might better assist comprehensive explanation of offending behaviour with reference to cultural processes and concepts. The model is then applied to an exemplar, compared to current approaches to rehabilitation and desistance, and some implications for forensic practice are suggested. The overall goal of this thesis is to explicate the potential cultural impacts on individuals who commit offences, and examine some of the causes of offending beyond ‘faulty individual psychology’.</p>

Bursting in Inhibitory Interneuronal Networks: A Role for Gap-Junctional Coupling

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 1274-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K. Skinner ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
J. L. Perez Velazquez ◽  
P. L. Carlen
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Oscillatory Behavior ◽  
Minimal Network ◽  
Junctional Coupling ◽  
Synchronization Mechanisms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gap Junctional ◽  
Gap Junctional Coupling ◽  
Inhibitory Networks

Bursting in inhibitory interneuronal networks: a role for gap-junctional coupling. Much work now emphasizes the concept that interneuronal networks play critical roles in generating synchronized, oscillatory behavior. Experimental work has shown that functional inhibitory networks alone can produce synchronized activity, and theoretical work has demonstrated how synchrony could occur in mutually inhibitory networks. Even though gap junctions are known to exist between interneurons, their role is far from clear. We present a mechanism by which synchronized bursting can be produced in a minimal network of mutually inhibitory and gap-junctionally coupled neurons. The bursting relies on the presence of persistent sodium and slowly inactivating potassium currents in the individual neurons. Both GABAA inhibitory currents and gap-junctional coupling are required for stable bursting behavior to be obtained. Typically, the role of gap-junctional coupling is focused on synchronization mechanisms. However, these results suggest that a possible role of gap-junctional coupling may lie in the generation and stabilization of bursting oscillatory behavior.

Resistance and Persistence: An Expectancy-Value Approach to Understanding Women’s Participation in a Male-Defined Sport

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira E. Stuart ◽  
Diane E. Whaley
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Gender Role Socialization ◽  
Expectancy Value ◽  
Role Socialization ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

Achievement choices emanate from a variety of individual and contextual factors, including the influence of significant others and gender-role socialization. An understanding of these factors is important for promoting participation in sport, particularly for women engaged in masculine-typed sports. Five members of the USA women’s wrestling team were interviewed regarding the personal and contextual variables that influenced their choice to wrestle. Questions focused on the athletes’ expectations of success and value for wrestling, their identity as a wrestler, the role of significant others, and the cultural context of wrestling for women. Results revealed that each woman had a strong wrestling identity, had high perceptions of ability, and placed high value on achieving in wrestling. Parents and coaches were the main providers of wrestling opportunities; however, negative interpretations of their involvement from a variety of significant others outnumbered positive influences. While the individual factors confirm sources that would lead a person to select and persist at an achievement task, societal messages did not support these choices. Discussion centers on issues of resistance, persistence, and applied messages.

scholarly journals Contingency of an architectural critical approach

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-213
Author(s):  
Vladimir Milenković
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Continuous Development ◽  
Limits Of Stability ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Context ◽  
The Individual

Contemporariness of architecture can be interpreted in diverse ways. Starting from a basically formulated modern context, which is even nowadays understood as such, in which the limits of stability of the architectural profession are examined, our concern is the designer's intention to research within a wider cultural context. We are actually considering the capacities of the profession for continuous development of its own critical apparatus. Through the question of the relation between the general and the individual, followed by the question of integrity and proportion of architectural effect, but also by the role of media and digitalization of the world, in the focus of this text projected are the scenes of reality filled with the values of architecture willing to develop, within itself, the analytical and synthetic concepts relying on the contextual, but also on the own indetermination and instability regarding the concept of the space and time.

scholarly journals Culture and education as a binding condition for harmonious personal development

2021 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 05008
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Sukhorukov ◽  
Yuriy Gladkiy
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Binding Condition ◽  
Education Today ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Training

The exclusive role of culture and education in the modern strategy of sustainable development is emphasized. For so many centuries, culture and education had a distinct flavor of luxury and were available, as a rule, to a select few. Currently, there is a widespread expansion of culture and education, and indicators of upbringing and training have become the primary condition for the sustainable existence of society and the individual. The question arises: what is the hidden primacy of culture and education today? The authors call the answer to it moral postulates and enlightenment, which affect not only the human mind, but feelings and soul, giving rise to desires and actions that obey the will. It is concluded that ideals, beliefs and other qualitative characteristics of a person are the main regulators of sustainable social life. Thus, the role of culture and education is to implement social harmony and ensure the quality of life of people.

scholarly journals Towards a Cultural Psychology: Meaning and Social Practice as Key Elements

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Andrés Santamaría ◽  
Mercedes Cubero ◽  
Manuel Luis De la Mata
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historically Situated ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Methodological Aspects

Several prominent scholars in the Social Sciences have defended the need for a new way of studying the relationship between culture and the individual. Over the last three decades, it has been common to find studies under the heading of Cultural Psychology (CP), which have focussed on the role of culture in historical and ontogenetic development. However, among the defenders of CP, there have been specific disagreements over theoretical and methodological aspects of the project. This lack of agreement is revealed by the different conceptions of the role of meaning and social practice in human psychological functioning. This paper aims is to analyze some different approaches to CP, and the role of meaning plays in its constitution. For us, the central claim of CP is that the human mind should be seen as inter-penetrated by intentional worlds that are culturally and historically situated, and this psychology must to study the ways psyche and culture; person and context, self and other, practitioner and practice live together, and jointly make each other up. In addition, CP has also identified the symbolic mediation of mind and culture as its analytical focus. Finally, we defend that culture and mind are to be treated as forms of culturally differentiated meaning practices. To make possible this enterprise, we propose the necessity to develop the notion of mediated and situated actions as a unit of analysis of Cultural Psychology.

scholarly journals Well-Being of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual Youth: The Influence of Rural and Urban Contexts on the Process of Building Identity and Disclosure

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Agueli ◽  
Giovanna Celardo ◽  
Ciro Esposito ◽  
Caterina Arcidiacono ◽  
Fortuna Procentese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lgb Youth ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Bisexual Youth ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Individual

The study investigates how the territorial community can influence the individual and social well-being of lesbian, gay, bisexual (LGB) youth and especially the recognition of their feelings and the construction of their own identity as well as their needs to be socially recognized. This research focuses on the experiences of 30 LGB individuals (23 males and 7 females), with a mean age of 25.07 years (SD = 4,578), living in urban and rural areas of Southern Italy. Focalized open interviews were conducted, and the Grounded Theory Methodology, supported by the Atlas.ti 8.0 software, was used for data analysis. The textual material was first coded, and then codes were grouped into five macro-categories: Freedom of identity expression in the urban and rural context, identity construction and acceptance process, need of aggregation and identification with the LGB community, role of the interpersonal relationship in the process of identity acceptance, socio-cultural context, and LGB psychological well-being. The results showed a condition common to the two contexts that we can define as “ghettoization.” The young LGB is alone in the rural area due to a lack of places and people to identify with and greater social isolation. On the contrary, although there are more opportunities in the urban area, young people feel stigmatized and ghettoized because “their places” are frequented exclusively by the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transexual, queer (LGBTQ) community. The work will extensively discuss the limitations of the research, future proposals, and the practical implications of the results.

scholarly journals The Role of Art in Society with Particular Reference to the Problem of Violence$

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
Camilla Pagani
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Individual

Background: According to the Latin poet Virgil, art is capable of revealing to us what no science can ever reveal to a human mind. The main thesis of this paper is that art can play an extremely beneficial role in society as it can strongly foster humans’ efforts to attain a deeper and broader comprehension of reality. Objective: The experience of art can provide a powerful contribution to the efforts to avoid resorting to violence and to address conflicts constructively. Violence or, more exactly, unjustified violence, basically rests on an irrational and short-sighted analysis and interpretation of reality. Results: The psychological processes relating to the aesthetic experience and to its connections with violence are described. It is also pointed out that this theoretical perspective does not fully coincide with the theoretical theses underpinning art therapy. In fact, in this paper art is not considered as a mere therapeutic instrument. Instead, an attempt has been made to consider art and our relationship with art in their more complex and partly still unexplored aspects, where neither art or the individual is “at the service” of the other. Conclusion: Art can provide the possibility to experience a new dimension, where no power relations exist and where new ways of seeing and feeling are made possible. It can hence foster the development of less primitive and richer personalities. In this way violence should lose its raison d’être. So it appears that this theoretical approach might be particularly helpful in order to better understand and countervail violence.

scholarly journals METATHEATRICAL TENDENCIES IN HAROLD PINTER’S THE LOVER

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (Special Issue) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Harold Pinter ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Dramatic Technique ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Perspective

The term metatheater is coined by Lionel Abel in 1963 which refers to theater about theater. It draws attention to the distinction between the fiction of the play and the reality of performance. A play refers to itself as a play to encourage the audience to perceive it in two ways; as a pretended reality and as dramatic artifice. Metatheater also appears in both comedy and tragedy, where the audience can laugh and empathize at the same time. The paradoxical perspective of fake and real promoting audience instability and this is the role of metatheater. It is an artistic way to examine the interaction between illusion and reality. There is a need to represent reality through artificiality to provide an insight to see the truth of human mind and to illuminate the individual perspective. Within this study metatheater considered as a tendency rather than a technique. It examines the conflict between illusion and reality in Harold Pinter’s The Lover and focuses on play within the play device. It shows that illusion and reality is the bases of both the subject matter and the dramatic technique of the plays of Harold Pinter who is a revolutionary British playwright. It shows how the play employs the standard Pinter’s technique of mixing illusion and reality, presenting a comedy in modern absurd way. Metatheatrical tendencies in The Lover traces how people lost simplicity and spontaneity of communication and unable express their real beings.

Gender, Power, and Powerlessness: A Conceptual Framework for Researching Men’s Victimization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Primary User ◽  
Primary Users ◽  
Men 2 ◽  
The Individual

Men are the main users of violence at every level of society ranging from the individual to the national; at the same time, they are the primary victims of violence outside of the home. Previous theoretical work on the gender of men has been criticized for pushing to the side men are the primary users of violence by not sufficiently incorporating violence as social practices underpinning men’s power. Violence generally and domestic violence and abuse (DVA) specifically are used as theoretical tools to analyze how theories on the gender of men facilitate understanding men’s experiences of power (e.g., primary user of DVA) and powerlessness (e.g., primary victim of DVA). DVA is utilized as a specific type of violence because it is a global social issue and because of the wealth of empirical studies showing that most men are the primary users, and a small minority experience DVA. Untangling men’s talk of DVA is rarely straightforward, as men who are the primary perpetrator may claim to be the victim, and men who are the primary victim may minimize their DVA experiences. Gender refers to one set of unequal power relations that structures society. One of the most well-known theories on the gender of men is hegemonic masculinity theory, which drew from feminist and gay scholarship to describe the social process of men’s continual creation and maintenance of power over women and the hierarchy of power among men. In brief, hegemonic masculinity was a set of gendered practices that was understood in a particular cultural context to ensure men’s domination of women. The importance of violence was noted within hegemonic masculinity theory, but the conceptual links between violence and hegemonic masculinity were inconsistent. The hegemony of men theory clarified these ambiguities by shifting the focus from masculinities to men, noting that men—not masculinities—are the primary users of violence. However, not all men will engage in violence. Some may subvert practices of violence. Neither theory sufficiently linked structural understandings of gendered power with individual practices to facilitate exploring the complexities of men’s practices, particularly men’s discursive practices. This limitation is due largely to three factors: (1) the conflation of the hierarchy of power between men and women and the hierarchy of power among men; (2) the lack of engagement with intersectionality; and (3) the lack of engagement with theories explaining the everyday practices of gender. Included in Walby’s theory of intersectionality are the structuring social systems of gender relations and violence. Adopting these systems provided the theoretical breadth and depth to explain the diversity of men’s engagement with violence within and between each hierarchy of power. Discursive social psychology (DSP) focused on how men used interpretative repertoires in their talk about themselves and others, to get a sense of how men (re)construct and negotiate gendered positions. Integrating DSP with intersectionality facilitated understanding how men in their talk reconstructing their experiences of DVA could use discursive resources to position themselves as men—a position associated with power.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document