scholarly journals Study on The Likelihood Ratio Used to Evaluate the Muscle Tension of Upper Limb Spasm in Hemiplegia Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
Zhen Wu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Wanzhang Yang ◽  
Guanglin Li ◽  
Wuhua Xu
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
Muscle Spasticity ◽  
Study Results

Aim: To evaluate the clinical usability of mechanomyography (MMG) in the evaluation of upper-limb spasticity states of hemiplegia patients with likelihood ratio analysis. Methods: The MMG signals from the 30 hemiplegia patients’ biceps and triceps were recorded with three-dimensional wireless accelerometer (Trigno Wireless System, Delsys Inc), when they extended or bent their elbow passively. At the same time, the physiotherapist assessed the MAS (Modified Ashworth Scale) of all the patients who participated in the study and would be divided them into four groups based on the MAS values (MAS0, MAS1, MAS1+ and MAS2). The MMG sensors were built with triaxial accelerometers named as X, Y and Z that represent the muscle fibers lengthwise movement, the cross movement and the vertical the muscle moving direction, respectively. The root mean square (RMS) value of the MMG signal was calculated for analysis. Likelihood ratio analysis were used in the study. Results: All of the variables of the X, Y, Z axis of signals of MMG of BB and TB have related with muscle spasticity grading during passive elbow flexion in multinomial logistic regression (P=0.000, P<0.001). The regression coefficient of Y axis signal of MMG of BB is the largest. The 5 variables of the X, Y, Z axis of signals of MMG of BB and X, Y axis of TB have related with Muscle spasticity grading during passive elbow extension in multinomial logistic regression (P=0.000, P<0.001). The regression coefficient of Y axis signal of MMG of BB is the largest in equation and the Y axis signal of MMG of TB is second large. Conclusions: The effect of agonist is more than the antagonist during the MAS assessment, especially the muscle fibers cross movement and the vertical movement by the MMG assessment.

Does micronutrients intake modulate the risk of coronary heart disease?

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Azab ◽  
Abdel-Ellah Al-Shudifat ◽  
Lana Agraib ◽  
Sabika Allehdan ◽  
Reema Tayyem
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Results

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between micronutrient intake and coronary heart disease (CHD) in middle-aged Jordanian participants. Design/methodology/approach A case-control study was conducted among patients referring for elective coronary angiography. A total of 400 patients were enrolled in this study. Face-to-face interview was used to complete food frequency questionnaire from which the authors derived usual daily intake of micronutrients. The mean age of participates was 52 years and their average BMI was 30.7 kg/m2. Multinomial logistic regression model and linear logistic regression model were used to calculate odd ratios (OR) and its 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) and p-value for trend, respectively. The association between the risk of CHD and micronutrients intake was adjusted for the age, gender, BMI, smoking, physical activity, total energy intake, occupation, education level, marital status and family history. Findings The study results showed no significant differences between cases and controls for dietary intakes of micronutrients, except for the intake of calcium (p < 0.005), magnesium (p < 0.025), phosphorus (p < 0.023) and potassium (p < 0.006) which were lower in cases than controls. Although no significant trend was observed between most of the dietary intake of micronutrients and the risk of developing CHD, a significant protective effect of magnesium [OR 0.52; 95 per cent CI (0.29-0.95)], phosphorus [OR 0.44; 95 per cent CI (0.24-0.80)] and potassium [OR 0.41; 95 per cent CI (0.22-0.74)] against the risk of CHD was detected. Originality/value The findings from this study provide strong evidence that the intake of micronutrients such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium has no significant associations with the risk of CHD.

Sex-related perceptions associated with sexual activity status among Japanese adolescents who heavily use text messaging

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-348
Author(s):  
Yoko Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Japanese Adolescents ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study examines the relationship between sex-related perceptions and engagement in sexual intercourse among adolescents in Japan who were heavy users of text massaging. Using the data from the 6th National Survey on Youth Sexual Behavior of 548 high school students who heavily use text messaging, multinomial logistic regression analyses on variables constructing sexual norms and gender-role attitudes were conducted to assess the relationship with sexual activity status as the first step. A backward stepwise elimination method of multinomial logistic regression was used as the second step at which variables for each set of two factors were tested, and as the third step at which variables of two factors were simultaneously tested. The study results showed that perceptions were related to engagement in sexual intercourse among adolescents who heavily used text messaging. In particular, those who perceived that sex is an act to be engaged in at an earlier stage of a relationship and that men have a stronger sex drive tended to be sexually active or have experienced sexual intercourse. These findings could be utilized to design more effective sexual health education messages for Japanese adolescents who are at an elevated risk.

Predicting Fetal Chromosome Anomalies in the First Trimester Using Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein-A: A Comparison of Statistical Methods

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (02) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Brambati ◽  
T. Chard ◽  
J. G. Grudzinskas ◽  
M. C. M. Macintosh
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
General Population ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
False Positive ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Gaussian Distributions ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Likelihood Ratio Method

Abstract:The analysis of the clinical efficiency of a biochemical parameter in the prediction of chromosome anomalies is described, using a database of 475 cases including 30 abnormalities. A comparison was made of two different approaches to the statistical analysis: the use of Gaussian frequency distributions and likelihood ratios, and logistic regression. Both methods computed that for a 5% false-positive rate approximately 60% of anomalies are detected on the basis of maternal age and serum PAPP-A. The logistic regression analysis is appropriate where the outcome variable (chromosome anomaly) is binary and the detection rates refer to the original data only. The likelihood ratio method is used to predict the outcome in the general population. The latter method depends on the data or some transformation of the data fitting a known frequency distribution (Gaussian in this case). The precision of the predicted detection rates is limited by the small sample of abnormals (30 cases). Varying the means and standard deviations (to the limits of their 95% confidence intervals) of the fitted log Gaussian distributions resulted in a detection rate varying between 42% and 79% for a 5% false-positive rate. Thus, although the likelihood ratio method is potentially the better method in determining the usefulness of a test in the general population, larger numbers of abnormal cases are required to stabilise the means and standard deviations of the fitted log Gaussian distributions.

Public knowledge, perception and communication behavior surrounding COVID-19 in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khayriyyah Mohd Hanafiah ◽  
Chang Da Wan
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Communication Behavior ◽  
Positive Communication ◽  
The Face ◽  
Control Order

The COVID-19 pandemic is the first to occur in an age of hyperconnectivity. This paper presents results from an online anonymous survey conducted in Malay, English, and Chinese, during the first week of the Movement Control Order in Malaysia (n=1075), which aimed to examine public knowledge, perception and communication behavior in the Malaysian society in the face of a sudden outbreak and social distancing measures. Although the level of public knowledge, risk perception and positive communication behavior surrounding COVID-19 was high, a majority of respondents reported receiving a lot of questionable information. Multinomial logistic regression further identified that responses to different items varied significantly across respondent survey language, gender, age, education level and employment status.

Regression model of assessment of customer solvency and banking risks in the process of lending

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Zoryna Yurynets ◽  
Rostyslav Yurynets ◽  
Nataliya Kunanets ◽  
Ivanna Myshchyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Credit Scoring ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Computer Data ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Loan Risk

In the current conditions of economic development, it is important to pay attention to the study of the main types of risks, effective methods of evaluation, monitoring, analysis of banking risks. One of the main approaches to quantitatively assessing the creditworthiness of borrowers is credit scoring. The objective of credit scoring is to optimize management decisions regarding the possibility of providing bank loans. In the article, the scientific and methodological provisions concerning the formation of a regression model for assessing bank risks in the process of granting loans to borrowers has been proposed. The proposed model is based on the use of logistic regression tools, discriminant analysis with the use of expert evaluation. During the formation of a regression model, the relationship between risk factors and probable magnitude of loan risk has been established. In the course of calculations, the coefficient of the individual's solvency has been calculated. Direct computer data preparation, including the calculation of the indicators selected in the process of discriminant analysis, has been carried out in the Excel package environment, followed by their import into the STATISTICA package for analysis in the “Logistic regression” sub-module of the “Nonlinear evaluation” module. The adequacy of the constructed model has been determined using the Macfaden's likelihood ratio index. The calculated value of the Macfaden's likelihood ratio index indicates the adequacy of the constructed model. The ability to issue loans to new clients has been evaluated using a regression model. The conducted calculations show the possibility of granting a loan exclusively to the second and third clients. The offered method allows to conduct assessment of client's solvency and risk prevention at different stages of lending, facilitates the possibility to independently make informed decisions on credit servicing of clients and management of a loan portfolio, optimization of management decisions in banks. In order for a loan-based model to continue to perform its functions, it must be periodically adjusted.

scholarly journals Reduced rank multinomial logistic regression in Markov chains with application to cognitive data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Wang ◽  
Erin L. Abner ◽  
David W. Fardo ◽  
Frederick A. Schmitt ◽  
Gregory A. Jicha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Markov Chains ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Reduced Rank ◽  
Cognitive Data

scholarly journals Association between Social Integration and Face Mask Use Behavior during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Japan: Results from U-CORONA Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4717
Author(s):  
Nobutoshi Nawa ◽  
Yui Yamaoka ◽  
Yuna Koyama ◽  
Hisaaki Nishimura ◽  
Shiro Sonoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Neighborhood Association ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Use Behavior

Face mask use is a critical behavior to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to evaluate the association between social integration and face mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic in a random sample of households in Utsunomiya City, Greater Tokyo, Japan. Data included 645 adults in the Utsunomiya COVID-19 seROprevalence Neighborhood Association (U-CORONA) study, which was conducted after the first wave of the pandemic, between 14 June 2020 and 5 July 2020, in Utsunomiya City. Social integration before the pandemic was assessed by counting the number of social roles, based on the Cohen’s social network index. Face mask use before and during the pandemic was assessed by questionnaire, and participants were categorized into consistent mask users, new users, and current non-users. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between lower social integration score and face mask use. To account for possible differential non-response bias, non-response weights were used. Of the 645 participants, 172 (26.7%) were consistent mask users and 460 (71.3%) were new users, while 13 (2.0%) were current non-users. Lower social integration level was positively associated with non-users (RRR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.82). Social integration may be important to promote face mask use.

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