EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF COVID-19 IN THE STATE OF ALAGOAS, BRAZIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Rodrigo Dos Santos ◽  
Diane Fernandes Do Santos ◽  
Jayane Omena De Oliveira ◽  
Caroline Magna De Oliveira Costa ◽  
Thaynara Maria Pontes Bulhões ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Microsoft Excel

Introdução: A evolução dos casos da COVID-19 no Brasil se apresentou de forma complexa, com muitas diferenças entre as regiões do país. O estudo objetiva traçar o perfil epidemiológico da doença no estado de Alagoas, Brasil. Delineamento:Trata-se de uma pesquisa observacional, descritiva, retrospectiva e com abordagem quantitativa, realizado no estado de Alagoas, Brasil. A coleta foi realizada diante dos informes publicados pela Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Alagoas (SESAU/AL) com a inclusão dos dados de até 30/07/2020. Investigou-se sexo, faixa etária (em anos), raça, comorbidades, além da frequência de casos confirmados cumulativamente e óbitos segundo semana epidemiológica de confirmação. Os dados foram agrupados no Microsoft Excel® a partir de uma análise descritiva. Resultados: Foram registrados 58.979 casos confirmados e 1.554 óbitos. Os óbitos ocorreram em maior concentração na semana 31, em pessoas pardas, idosos, sexo masculino e com comorbidades. Implicações: o conhecimento do perfil epidemiológico da COVID-19 no estado de Alagoas evidencia a necessidade de constante monitoramento dos casos, fortalecimento da vigilância em saúde, aumento das medidas de contenção ao vírus, além de implementação de estratégias que levem em consideração os grupos mais vulneráveis à infecção.

scholarly journals Investigação epidemiológica do primeiro caso de hantavirose no estado do Rio de Janeiro, BrasilEpidemiological investigation of the first case of hantaviruses in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Vargas ◽  
Martha Elizabeth Brasil Da Nóbrega ◽  
Lidsy Ximenes Fonseca ◽  
Stefan Vilges de Oliveira ◽  
Simone Valeria Costa Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The State ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
First Case

Introdução: A hantavirose é uma zoonose aguda, transmitida pela inalação de aerossóis formados a partir de excretas de roedores silvestres. A Síndrome Cardiopulmonar por Hantavírus (SCPH) é a forma clínica identificada no Brasil e apresenta elevada letalidade.  Objetivo: Descrever a investigação epidemiológica de hantavirose no Estado do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), município de Rio Claro. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo no período de fevereiro a maio de 2015. As informações obtidas foram provenientes do sistema de vigilância epidemiológica municipal e dos prontuários da assistência médica hospitalar. Resultados: Foi confirmado um óbito por hantavirose, indivíduo do sexo masculino, 34 anos, trabalhador rural que apresentou febre, cefaleia e mialgia, progredindo com sintomas respiratórios, digestivos, hipotensão além de gradual hemoconcentração e plaquetopenia, vindo a óbito seis dias após o início dos sintomas. Na investigação de 9.898 prontuários, foram identificados 46 indivíduos como casos suspeitos; destes, 31 foram submetidos à entrevista e à coleta de amostras clínicas. A análise sorológica  detectou quatro indivíduos IgG reagentes, com exposições similares ao do óbito relatado. Conclusão. É registrado o primeiro caso de hantavirose no Estado do RJ, município de Rio Claro, bem como a detecção de indivíduos soro-reagentes, com clínica compatível e expostos a fatores de risco para a doença. Estes achados corroboram para a afirmativa da circulação prévia de hantavirose nessa região.

scholarly journals Translating genomics into practice for real-time surveillance and response to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: evidence from a complex multi-institutional KPC outbreak

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason C. Kwong ◽  
Courtney R. Lane ◽  
Finn Romanes ◽  
Anders Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
Marion Easton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Real Time ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Transmission Networks ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Incident Cases

BackgroundUntil recently,Klebsiella pneumoniaecarbapenemase (KPC)-producing Enterobacteriaceae were rarely identified in Australia. Following an increase in the number of incident cases across the state of Victoria, we undertook a real-time combined genomic and epidemiological investigation. The scope of this study included identifying risk factors and routes of transmission, and investigating the utility of genomics to enhance traditional field epidemiology for informing management of established widespread outbreaks.MethodsAll KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates referred to the state reference laboratory from 2012 onwards were included. Whole-genome sequencing was performed in parallel with a detailed descriptive epidemiological investigation of each case, using Illumina sequencing on each isolate. This was complemented with PacBio long-read sequencing on selected isolates to establish high-quality reference sequences and interrogate characteristics of KPC-encoding plasmids.ResultsInitial investigations indicated that the outbreak was widespread, with 86 KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates (K. pneumoniae92%) identified from 35 different locations across metropolitan and rural Victoria between 2012 and 2015. Initial combined analyses of the epidemiological and genomic data resolved the outbreak into distinct nosocomial transmission networks, and identified healthcare facilities at the epicentre of KPC transmission. New cases were assigned to transmission networks in real-time, allowing focussed infection control efforts. PacBio sequencing confirmed a secondary transmission network arising from inter-species plasmid transmission. Insights from Bayesian transmission inference and analyses of within-host diversity informed the development of state-wide public health and infection control guidelines, including interventions such as an intensive approach to screening contacts following new case detection to minimise unrecognised colonisation.ConclusionA real-time combined epidemiological and genomic investigation proved critical to identifying and defining multiple transmission networks of KPC Enterobacteriaceae, while data from either investigation alone were inconclusive. The investigation was fundamental to informing infection control measures in real-time and the development of state-wide public health guidelines on carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae surveillance and management.

scholarly journals STUDY AND SIMULATION OF THE FUEL CONSUMPTION OF A VEHICLE WITH RESPECT TO AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND WEATHER CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
Mbelle Bisong Samuel ◽  
Paune Felix ◽  
Youmene Nongosso Miguel ◽  
Tambere Samam Cyrille ◽  
Pierre Kisito Talla
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Greenhouse Emissions ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Impact

The consumption of fuel in vehicles depends on many factors such as the state of the roads, the state of the engine and the driver’s behavior. A mathematical model for evaluating vehicle fuel consumption on a 100 km interval at standard operating weather conditions was developed. This mathematical model developed took into consideration many factors, but the main factors were those related to weather conditions and temperature. Here a new simulation program for determining the influence of temperature and weather conditions on fuel consumption is built using the software Matlab. For efficient simulations the model uses a set of data for an SUV and then makes varying only the parameters that are related to weather and temperature for the simulation. During the simulation process, a set of 10 vehicle models and 8 roads conditions were chosen to run down the simulations and only the parameters of temperature, the drag coefficient and coefficient of rolling resistances respectively were subjected to variations during each of the simulations. Upon simulation, different results were obtained for the different parameters considered. For every 15% drop in temperature, 0.1litre, 0.12litre and 0.04litre increase in fuel consumption for the set of parameters chosen was noticed. These results were analyzed and interpreted with the help of Microsoft Excel and were found to be satisfactory given that it permits manufacturers and car users to have a notion of the impact of ambient temperature and weather conditions on fuel consumption, thereby promoting optimum usage of fuel, hence reducing the effect of greenhouse emissions in the atmosphere.

scholarly journals FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESORES DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: IMPACTO NA APRENDIZAGEM DOS PROFESSORES E DOS ALUNOS DA REDE PÚBLICA ESTADUAL DE UBERABA

polemica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 062-090
Author(s):  
Rafaela Mariane Sousa Nunes Silva
Keyword(s):  
Continuing Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Public Network ◽  
State Education ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Impact

Resumo: Este artigo é fruto de um recorte de uma dissertação de Mestrado, que buscou identificar o impacto da formação continuada na aprendizagem dos professores e dos alunos dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental da rede pública estadual de Uberaba-MG, por meio da triangulação das pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e de campo. A análise dos dados realizou-se com auxílio do software Microsoft Excel, que permitiu uma aproximação do impacto da formação continuada na aprendizagem dos docentes atuantes nos anos iniciais dessa rede de ensino e dos alunos. Constatou-se inúmeras insatisfações dos sujeitos da pesquisa no que tange a suas formações continuadas, assim como, pouco impacto dessas na aprendizagem dos professores e dos alunos. A pesquisa aspira a contribuir com a melhoria das propostas da rede estadual de ensino de Uberaba-MG para a formação continuada dos professores e, em consequência, a melhora da qualidade da educação no município. Os resultados da pesquisa possuem um caráter fundamental para formulação de futuras políticas para formação de professores e podem servir de ponto de partida para a implementação de estratégias e ações nesse importante campo do conhecimento.Palavras-chaves: Educação Básica. Impacto. Aprendizagem. Formação. Continuada.Abstract: This article is the result of an excerpt from a Master's dissertation, which sought to identify the impact of continuing education on the learning of teachers and students in the early years of elementary school in the state public network of Uberaba-MG, through the triangulation of bibliographic research, documentary and field. Data analysis was carried out with the aid of Microsoft Excel software, which allowed us to approximate the impact of continuing education on the learning of teachers working in the early years of this teaching network and students. There were numerous dissatisfactions of the research subjects with regard to their continuing education, as well as little impact on the learning of teachers and students. The research aspires to contribute to the improvement of the proposals of the state education system in Uberaba, MG, for the continuing education of teachers and, as a consequence, to improve the quality of education in the municipality. The research results have a fundamental character for the formulation of future policies for teacher education and can serve as a starting point for the implementation of strategies and actions in this important field of knowledge.Keywords: Basic education. Impact. Learning. Continuing. Formation.

scholarly journals Real-time genomic and epidemiological investigation of a multi-institution outbreak of KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae: a translational study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Kwong ◽  
C Lane ◽  
F Romanes ◽  
A Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
M Easton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Real Time ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Transmission Networks ◽  
Translational Study ◽  
Incident Cases

ABSTRACTBackgroundUntil recently, KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae were rarely identified in Australia. Following an increase in the number of incident cases across the state of Victoria, we undertook a real-time combined genomic and epidemiological investigation. The scope of this study included identifying risk factors and routes of transmission, and investigating the utility of genomics to enhance traditional field epidemiology for informing management of established widespread outbreaks.Methods and FindingsAll KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates referred to the state reference laboratory from 2012 onwards were included. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed in parallel with a detailed descriptive epidemiological investigation of each case, using Illumina sequencing on each isolate. This was complemented with PacBio long-read sequencing on selected isolates to establish high-quality reference sequences and interrogate characteristics of KPC-encoding plasmids. Initial investigations indicated the outbreak was widespread, with 86 KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates (K. pneumoniae92%) identified from 35 different locations across metropolitan and rural Victoria between 2012-2015. Initial combined analyses of the epidemiological and genomic data resolved the outbreak into distinct nosocomial transmission networks, and identified healthcare facilities at the epicentre of KPC transmission. New cases were assigned to transmission networks in real-time, allowing focussed infection control efforts. PacBio sequencing confirmed a secondary transmission network arising from inter-species plasmid transmission. Insights from Bayesian transmission inference and analyses of within-host diversity informed the development of state-wide public health and infection control guidelines, including interventions such as an intensive approach to screening contacts following new case detection to minimise unrecognised colonisation.ConclusionsA real-time combined epidemiological and genomic investigation proved critical to identifying and defining multiple transmission networks of KPC Enterobacteriaceae, while data from either investigation alone were inconclusive. The investigation was fundamental to informing infection control measures in real-time and the development of state-wide public health guidelines on carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae management.

scholarly journals Epidemiological investigation of the first 5685 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Qatar, 28 February–18 April 2020

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e040428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan M Al Kuwari ◽  
Hanan F Abdul Rahim ◽  
Laith J Abu-Raddad ◽  
Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra ◽  
Zaina Al Kanaani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Illness ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Comorbidity Burden ◽  
Community Transmission

ObjectiveTo define the epidemiological curve of COVID-19 in Qatar and determine factors associated with severe or critical illness.DesignCase series of first 5685 COVID-19 cases in Qatar.Setting and participantsAll confirmed COVID-19 cases in the State of Qatar between 28 February and 18 April 2020.Main outcome measuresNumber of total and daily new COVID-19 infections; demographic characteristics and comorbidity burden and severity of infection; factors associated with severe or critical illness.ResultsBetween 28 February and 18 April 2020, 5685 cases of COVID-19 were identified. Median age was 34 (IQR 28–43) years, 88.9% were male and 8.7% were Qatari nationals. Overall, 83.6% had no concomitant comorbidity, and 3.0% had three or more comorbidities. The overwhelming majority (90.9%) were asymptomatic or with minimal symptoms, with 2.0% having severe or critical illness. Seven deaths were observed during the time interval studied. Presence of hypertension or diabetes was associated with a higher risk of severe or critical illness, but age was not. The epidemiological curve indicated two distinct patterns of infection, a larger cluster among expatriate craft and manual workers and a smaller one among Qatari nationals returning from abroad during the epidemic.ConclusionCOVID-19 infections in Qatar started in two distinct clusters, but then became more widespread in the population through community transmission. Infections were mostly asymptomatic or with minimal symptoms and associated with very low mortality. Severe/critical illness was associated with presence of hypertension or diabetes but not with increasing age.

Practical Picture Processing

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
T. A. Welton
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Coherence Length ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coherent Radiation ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Spread ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Picture Processing ◽  
Molecular Skeleton

Various authors have emphasized the spatial information resident in an electron micrograph taken with adequately coherent radiation. In view of the completion of at least one such instrument, this opportunity is taken to summarize the state of the art of processing such micrographs. We use the usual symbols for the aberration coefficients, and supplement these with £ and 6 for the transverse coherence length and the fractional energy spread respectively. He also assume a weak, biologically interesting sample, with principal interest lying in the molecular skeleton remaining after obvious hydrogen loss and other radiation damage has occurred.

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