scholarly journals Effects of passive smoking on children's health:a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-447
Author(s):  
A. Hawamdah ◽  
F. A. Kasasbeh ◽  
M. A. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Growth Indicators

Since the mid-1980s there has been increasing interest in the effects of passive smoking on the health of children. It has been estimated that the total nicotine dose received by children whose parents smoke is equivalent to their actively smoking between 60 and 150 cigarettes per year. This review article considers the evidence for a relationship between passive smoking and disorders such as: prenatal damage to the fetus; poor growth indicators; respiratory illness; atopy and asthma; coronary heart disease; and sudden infant death syndrome. We conclude that paediatricians should not be complacent about the hazards of passive smoking for children and that public health education efforts should be continued

scholarly journals A REVIEW ARTICLE ON: CORONA VIRUS A RAISING GAINT

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraj G Malpani ◽  
Shraddha T Nemane ◽  
Vishweshwar M Dharashive ◽  
Nilesh N Shinde ◽  
Sushil S Kore
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

The 2019-nCoV has been identified as the reason of an outbreak of respiratory illness in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China beginning in December 2019. This outbreak had spread to 19 countries with 11,791 confirmed cases, including 213 deaths, as of January 31, 2020. The WHO declared it as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. This study analyzed and discussed 70 research articles published until January 31, 2020 for a better understanding of the virology, pathogenesis, mode of transmission, classification, genome structure of this virus. Studies thus far have shown origination in link to a seafood market in Wuhan, but specific animal association has not been confirmed. The reported symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, pneumonia, headache, diarrhea, hemoptysis, and dyspnea. Preventive measures like masks, hand hygiene practices, avoidance of public contact, case detection, contact tracing, and quarantines are being suggested for reducing the transmission. To date, no specific antiviral treatment is proven effective; hence, infected people primarily rely on symptomatic treatment and supportive care. Although these studies had relevance to control a public emergency, more research need to be conducted to provide valid and reliable ways to manage this kind of public health emergency in both short- and long- term. Coronaviruses (CoV) belong to the genus Coronavirus with its high mutation rate in the Corona viridae. The objective of this review article was to have a primary   opinion about the disease mode of transmission, virology in this early stage of COVID-19 outbreak. Keywords: 2019-nCoV, virology, pathogenesis, genome structure

The Complex Relationship of Genetics, Groups, and Health: What it Means for Public Health

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Wright Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
The Public ◽  
Metabolic Defects ◽  
Relationship Of

Genetics offers real opportunities for public health actors. Increased understanding of genetics will illuminate some of the factors that affect disease and, in many cases, will lead to more effective treatments. The recognition that phenylketonuria was caused by a metabolic defect that led to the accumulation of toxic levels of phenylalanine, an elevation that could largely be averted by adopting a low-phenylalanine diet, is an early example. Some cases of what was thought to be Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, a diagnosis used when no etiology is known, now appear to have been caused by metabolic defects in fatty acid oxidation and sodium channel defects. One of the tasks that has already been undertaken by the public health sector is to ensure that genomic information is incorporated into clinical care when the robusmess of findings and their clinical utility have been well defined.

Sids Counselors' Reports of Own and Parents' Reactions to Reviewing the Autopsy Report

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Jonathan B. Kotch ◽  
Susan R. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Home Visit ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
The North ◽  
Bereaved Parents ◽  
Autopsy Report

A survey of newly trained local Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) counselors was undertaken by the North Carolina Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Project to evaluate the use of the autopsy report as a counseling tool. The counselors, most of whom were public health nurses, reported that sharing the autopsy report with bereaved parents was a valuable part of the counseling process. Most parents wanted to see copies of the report. Although not all counselors were comfortable going over the report, there was a significant increase in comfort among counselors whose training included sharing a home visit with an experienced counselor.

Another Aspect of the SIDS Problem

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-144
Author(s):  
Paul C. Young
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Complex Entity ◽  
The Subject

Dr Valdeś-Dapena's well-organized review article, "Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: A Review of the Medical Literature 1974-1979" in the October issue (Pediatrics 66:597, 1980) was an excellent analysis of the current literature of this confusing and complex entity. The extensive bibliography will be most helpful to any individual interested in the subject. The clinician providing primary care for children is likely to be confronted with the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) phenomenon in one of three ways: First, there is the necessity of dealing with a family who has just lost a baby.

Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Arrests in Rural Populations

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-306
Author(s):  
Jeffrey E. Thompson ◽  
Bethann Bonner ◽  
Gerald M. Lower
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Rural Health ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Rural Health Care ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Respiratory Arrest ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Pediatric Resuscitation

We reviewed emergency department records that spanned a period of 5 years at seven rural hospitals to provide more specific data concerning pediatric resuscitation. The purpose was to plan better for preventive programs and to help rural health care providers prepare better for these difficult patients. Patients entered in the study had either cardiorespiratory arrest or respiratory arrest. Although the distribution by age was similar to studies from other areas, the outcome for cardiorespiratory arrests was as bad or worse (70 arrests with 3 survivors), and the outcome of respiratory arrests was as good or better (25 arrests with 21 survivors) as reported previously. Survival of arrest from trauma and accidents was markedly worse (16%) than survival from nontraumatic arrests (44%). The etiologies of the arrests were dominated by sudden infant death syndrome and pulmonary disease but with very few drownings or farmrelated fatalities. This study should encourage rural health care providers to increase efforts in specific areas of trauma and accident prevention. Also, respiratory illness needs to be monitored aggressively and respiratory arrests treated more effectively to avoid the much more consistently lethal cardiac arrests. In addition, more careful prospective study of these patients may be able to identify care patterns that can be improved to increase survival in these groups.

Breastfeeding Duration and Infant Sleep Location in a Cohort of Volunteer Breastfeeding Counselors

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
Cate Bailey ◽  
Susan Tawia ◽  
Elizabeth McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Infant Sleep ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bed Sharing ◽  
Association Data

Background Debate about mother and infant bed sharing has been polarized between supporters of bed sharing and public health policies that attempt to mitigate the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Differences in group demographics may be an important aspect in co-sleeping acceptability. Research aims The first aim of this study was to investigate infant sleeping location in a dataset of mothers with strong breastfeeding outcomes. The second aim was to investigate the association between infant sleeping location and breastfeeding (exclusive breastfeeding to 6 months and total breastfeeding duration). Finally, we aimed to investigate predictors of breastfeeding duration. Methods Participants comprised 174 women who had applied to train as counselors with the Australian Breastfeeding Association. Data were compiled from a survey of the participants’ lactation histories, including questions related to the exclusivity and duration of breastfeeding, concerns about and problems encountered during breastfeeding, type of birth, medications during birth, demographics, and infant sleeping location. The study design was a cross-sectional, one-group survey design. Results A high proportion of participants in this study bed shared and room shared: At 0–1 month ( n = 58), 33% of participants bed-shared, which increased to 58% by 6–12 months ( n = 80). Infants who co-slept were more likely to be exclusively breastfed at 6 months (χ2 (2, n = 116) = 4.83, p = .03) and had longer breastfeeding duration ( t (62.61) = 3.81, p < .001). Conclusions Breastfeeding targets have been difficult to achieve globally, and innovative ideas are required to improve breastfeeding outcomes through public health messaging. There was a strong association in the current study between breastfeeding outcomes and degree of closeness of the infant to the mother at night. This finding should be brought into the discourse on breastfeeding and infant sleep arrangements, accompanied by evidence-based advice about safe sleeping and the promotion of breastfeeding.

Health Impact of Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the Horne

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 291-310
Author(s):  
Lesley Rushton
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Nasal Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) can be a major constituent of air pollution in indoor environments, including the home. Regulation on smoking in the workplace and public places has made the home the dominant unregulated source of ETS, with important potential impacts on children. Between 40% and 60% of cbildren in the United Kingdom are exposed to ETS in the home. Many experimental and human and studies have investigated the adverse health effects of ETS. Substantial evidence shows that in adults ETS is associated with increased risk of chronic respiratory illness, including lung cancer, nasal cancer, and cardiovascular disease. In children, ETS increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, middle ear disease, lower respiratory tract illness, prevalence of wheeze and cough, and exacerbates asthma. Although banning smoking in the home would be the optimal reduction strategy, several barrier and ventilation methods can be effective. Nevertheless, such methods are not always practical or acceptable, particularly when social pressures contribute to a lack of support for ETS control in the home. Smoking cessation interventions have bad limited success. Research is needed to explore the barriers to adopting ETS risk-reducing behaviors.

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